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PHP Arrays Functions References

The document explains PHP concepts including arrays, functions, and references. It details three types of arrays (Indexed, Associative, Multidimensional), outlines user-defined functions and their features (default parameters, return values), and describes how references work in PHP. Key points include that arrays store multiple values, functions are reusable code blocks, and references allow two variables to point to the same memory location.

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mihirraj.thakor
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11 views4 pages

PHP Arrays Functions References

The document explains PHP concepts including arrays, functions, and references. It details three types of arrays (Indexed, Associative, Multidimensional), outlines user-defined functions and their features (default parameters, return values), and describes how references work in PHP. Key points include that arrays store multiple values, functions are reusable code blocks, and references allow two variables to point to the same memory location.

Uploaded by

mihirraj.thakor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PHP – Arrays, Functions and References

1. Arrays in PHP
An array is a collection of multiple values stored in a single variable.
Types of Arrays:
1. Indexed Array
2. Associative Array
3. Multidimensional Array

1.1 Indexed Array


Syntax:
$array = array("value1", "value2", "value3");

Example:
<?php
$colors = array("Red", "Green", "Blue");

echo $colors[0];
?>

Output:
Red

1.2 Associative Array


Syntax:
$array = array("key1"=>"value1", "key2"=>"value2");

Example:
<?php
$student = array("name"=>"Raj", "age"=>20);

echo $student["name"];
?>

Output:
Raj
1.3 Multidimensional Array
Example:
<?php
$marks = array("Amit" => array("Math"=>90, "English"=>85));

echo $marks["Amit"]["Math"];
?>

Output:
90

2. Functions in PHP
A function is a block of code that performs a specific task and can be reused.

2.1 User-defined Functions


Syntax:
function functionName(parameters){
// code
}

Example:
<?php
function greet($name){
return "Hello, " . $name;
}
echo greet("Mihir");
?>

Output:
Hello, Mihir

2.2 Functions with Default Parameter


Example:
<?php
function greet($name="Guest"){
echo "Welcome, " . $name;
}

greet();
?>

Output:
Welcome, Guest

2.3 Functions with Return Value


Example:
<?php
function add($a, $b){
return $a + $b;
}

echo add(10,20);
?>

Output:
30

3. References in PHP
A reference means two variables pointing to the same memory location.

3.1 Assign by Reference


Example:
<?php
$x = 10;
$y = &$x;
$y = 20;

echo $x;
?>
Output:
20

3.2 Pass by Reference in Functions


Example:
<?php
function addFive(&$num){
$num += 5;
}

$value = 10;
addFive($value);
echo $value;
?>

Output:
15

Summary
• Arrays: Store multiple values in one variable (Indexed, Associative, Multidimensional).
• Functions: Reusable block of code.
• References: Two variables share same memory.

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