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Structure of Atom Quick Revision

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12 views1 page

Structure of Atom Quick Revision

Uploaded by

fizanbasheer13
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Quick Revision – Structure of Atom

Discovery of Subatomic Particles:


- Electron: J.J. Thomson (cathode rays)
- Charge of electron: Millikan's Oil Drop Experiment
- Proton: Goldstein (anode/canal rays)
- Neutron: James Chadwick

Atomic Models:
- Thomson's Model: 'Plum pudding'
- Rutherford's Model:
• Dense, positively charged nucleus
• Electrons orbit the nucleus
• Couldn't explain stability or spectra

Bohr's Model:
- Electrons in fixed quantized orbits
- Energy levels: E_n = -R_H Z^2 / n^2
- Transitions: ∆E = hν (emission/absorption)

Electromagnetic Radiation & Spectra:


- Relationship: c = λν, E = hν
- Hydrogen series: Lyman, Balmer, Paschen, Brackett, Pfund

Photoelectric Effect (Einstein):


- KE = hν - hν■

de Broglie & Heisenberg:


- λ = h/mv (wave nature of matter)
- ∆x·∆p ≥ h/4π (uncertainty principle)

Quantum Mechanical Model:


- Orbitals with quantum numbers n, l, m, s

Electronic Configuration Rules:


- Aufbau principle
- Pauli exclusion principle
- Hund's rule

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