DNA MICROARRAY
NAME : HASSAN TARIQ
ROLL NO : 2021-BTE-038
PRESENTED TO : DR. WASIM SHEHZAD
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DNA Microarray: Revolutionizing Genomic
Research
DNA microarrays are powerful tools. They analyze thousands of genes
simultaneously. This technology has emerged from the Human Genome
Project. It's transforming medicine, biology, and biotechnology research.
It is a pivotal technology.
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What is a DNA Microarray?
Microscopic Chip Thousands of DNA Specific DNA Probes Analysis of Gene
A DNA microarray is a Sequences Expression
microscopic chip. containing thousands of Each spot contains allowing for the analysis of
DNA sequences. picomoles of specific DNA gene expression and genetic
probes. variation.
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Core Technology: Hybridization
Principle: Complementary DNA strands bind specifically. Fluorescently
labeled target sequences reveal gene activity. Signal intensity shows
gene expression levels. This enables comparison of genetic profiles. This
can occur across different conditions.
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Types of Microarray Applications
Gene expression profiling. Disease diagnosis and prognosis. Cancer research. Genetic variation detection. Drug discovery.
Personalized medicine development. These are just some of the uses of DNA microarrays.
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Cancer Research Breakthrough
Microarrays identify genetic markers and mutations. They classify tumor
subtypes with precision. They reveal complex genetic interactions. This
can guide targeted treatment strategies. It also enables early detection
of predispositions.
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Diverse Research
Beyond medicine, DNA microarrays play a crucial role in:
Agricultural Plant Biology Microbial Studies Environmental
Genomics Studying gene expression in Analyzing microbial Research
Improving crop yields and plants. communities and their Monitoring environmental
disease resistance. functions. impacts on gene expression.
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Technological
From macro arrays (9cm × 12cm) to microscale probes. Current arrays
contain up to 5 million probes. Resolution and specificity is improving.
This is complementary to next-generation sequencing.
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Challenges and Future Directions
Data interpretation remains a challenge. The costs of the technology are decreasing. It is integrating with advanced
computational methods. There is potential for more personalized interventions.
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Impact on Personalized Medicine
Microarrays identify individual genetic variations. They can predict disease risks. They guide targeted treatment approaches.
This is critical for enabling precision medicine strategies.
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The Future of Genomic Research
The future involves continuing innovations. Applications are expanding
across disciplines. It has the potential to unlock genetic mysteries. This
drives a scientific understanding of life.
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Refrences
Schena, M., Shalon, D., Davis, R. W., & Brown, P. O. (1995).
"Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray." Science, 270(5235), 467-470.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.270.5235.467]
This seminal paper introduced the concept of using DNA microarrays to measure gene expression in a high-throughput
manner.
Lockhart, D. J., & Winzeler, E. A. (2000).
"Genomics, gene expression and DNA arrays." Nature, 405(6788), 827-836.
[DOI: 10.1038/35015712]
A comprehensive review of DNA microarray technology and its applications in genomics and gene expression analysis.
Schmittgen, T. D., & Livak, K. J. (2008).
"Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative CT method." Nature Protocols, 3(6), 1101-1108.
[DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2008.73]
This paper discusses the qPCR method commonly used in conjunction with microarray data analysis.
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THANK YOU :)
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