NUMBER SYSTEM
1)FRACTIONS
- which fraction is the highest?
a) If two fractions are given
b) If more than two
Method 1 : L.C.M is 54 here
Arrange in Ascending order first which ever is the
HIGHEST pick that
c) Specific Pattern
2) SPECIAL SERIES
1)Sum of n natural numbers
n ( n+1 )
1,2,3,4…… n = 2
2)Sum of first n even natural numbers: n(n+1)
3)Sum of first n Odd numbers: n
2
4)Sum of squares of first n natural numbers:
5)Sum of cube of first n natural numbers:
If asked from b/w series, remove the no’s before it (from
total) with the same formula.
3) DIVISIBILITY RULES
BY NO Condition
2 Unit's place digit is either even or zero.
3 The sum of digits of given number is divisible by
3.
4 The number formed by last two digits is divisible
by 4.
5 Unit's place digit is either 0 or 5.
6 The number is divisible by 2 and 3.
8 The number formed by last three digits is
divisible by 8.
9 The sum of digits of given number is divisible by
9.
10 Unit's place digit is zero.
11 The difference of sum of odd and even places
digits of given number is either zero or divisible
by 11.
4) PLACE VALUE
Round off: Round off 2 digits
0,1,2,3,4. - Can leave off
5,6,7,8,9 – if leaving them
add +1 to the preceding
digit.
Dividend, Divisor, Quotient, Remainder
Dividend =
Quotient (Q) X
Divisor(D) +
Remainder(R)
A number divided by 296 gives R = 75, same number
divided by 37 gives remainder(R) = ?
In such cases the divisor 1 should be a multiple of
divisor 2
75
Then , divide the Remainder(R) with new divisor i.e 37
R=1
5) SUM AND NO OF FACTORS
a) Conventional approach :
Sum of factors =
1+2+4+8
15
No of factors = 10
Sum = 6+4+3+2+1+48+24+16+12+8
= 124
b) ** TRICK – PRIME FACTORISATION
8= 2
3
12 = 2
2
X3
48 = 2 X3
4 1
Sum of factors = (20 +21 +22 +23 +24 ¿(3 0+ 31)
As many brackets as many prime factors
Numbers from power 0 till the power in factorization
= (1+2+4+8+16) (1+3)
= 31 x 4
= 124
Sum of no of factors (Even) – Change only in 2 bracket
remove 20
Trick :
48 = 4
2 ×3
Sum of only even factors=
(20 +21 +22 +23 +24 ¿(30 +31 ¿
Only changes in 2 bracket ,
remove 20 and start from 21
= (2+4+8+16)(1+3)
No = 8
= 30*4
Sum = 124 - 4
=120
= 120
Number of factors = (4) (2)
=8
Odd – Change only in 2 bracket only keep 2
0
remove
others i.e , total 2 bracket remove
Sum odd 48= (2 ¿ ¿ 4 ×3 )¿
1
=(20 ¿(3 0+3 1)
= (1) (1+3)
=4
No = (1)(2)
=2
Perfect Square
Trick:
48 = 4
2 ×3
1
Sum =
Keep only power which is even
No = 3
= (1+4+16) (1)
Sum = 21
= 21
No = (3) (1)
=3
Prime – rare
48 = 4
2 ×3
1
=8+3
= 11
=4+1=5
c) UNITS DIGIT THEOREM
D) NO OF TRAILING ZERO’S
142× 143× 145 ×146
144
(-2) x (-1) x 1 x 2
Values always less than the denominator.
Never cancel with any table; If cancel then multiply the
no with the no you cancelled.
H.C.F AND L.C.M
H.C.F – Highest Common Factor
G.C.D – Greatest common Divisor
Both are same
H.C.F of 240,360,190
L.C.M – Lowest Common Multiple
L.C.M
120 = 3
2 ×3 ×5
80 = 2 ×5
4
144 = 4
2 ×3
2
= 4 2
2 ×3 ×5
1
=16 x 9 x 5
= 720
H . C . F of numerator
H.C.F of fractions = l. C . M of denominator
L. C . M of numerator
L.C.M of fractions = H . C . F of denominator
Relationship between L.C.M and H.C.F
Two no’s
N1 x N2 = L.C.M x H.C.F H.C.F = 6
L.C.M = 36
H x L = 216
N1 = 12
N2 = 18
Constraints Based Question : Options based
Eg : two digits of no sum = 10
Digits reversed = no decreases by 54 . Find changed no.
No = ab
SURDS AND INDICES:
1) Indices 2) Surds
a) ( a m )n=amn a) √ a=a 2
1
b) [ ( am )n ]
p
mnp 1
=a b) √3 a=a 3
c) m
a × a =a
n m +n
1
c)√4 a=a 4
d) m
a × a ×a =a
n p m+n + p
6
e.g. √3 76=7 3
m
a
e) a
n
=a
m−n
2
7 =49
−m 1
f)a =
a
m
g) if m
a =a
n
then m=n
h) if m
a =b
m
then a = b
e.g. 3a
2 =x
a
then x=?
( 23 ) a=x a
x = 8
Formulae:
a) ( a+ b )2=a2+ 2 ab+b 2
b) ( a−b )2=a2−2 ab +b2
c) 2 2
a −b = ( a+b )( a−b )
( a−b )2 + ( a+ b )2 2 ( a 2+ b2 )
d) 2 2
= 2 2 =2
a +b a +b
e) ( a+ b )3=a3 +3 a2 b+3 a b 2+ b3∨a3 +3 ab ( a+ b ) +b3
f) ( a−b )3 =a3 −3 a2 b+3 a b2 +b 3∨a 3−3 ab ( a−b )+ b3
g) a 3+ b3=( a+b ) ( a 2−ab+ b2 )
h) a 3−b3 =( a−b ) ( a2 + ab+b2 )
