Ittnsal LPu Bus

19
T&eh data Th lyeuution. a
am imaltfian mat hlgui
& OM omodud
dato twm mdmaug
HAadim
htadim
A s data: ThL Lxeuh aM. e. Om instutidn ma{ uANI

Gm data
veutian ma kiqnu
wle data: t hAaudts at am

data fo mAmsk m o m6duls

wb'm

M&ut LGmputu
oUniat1oMA
Accumaate o4anigatian
O Singu
Chenthal Ragiat gaminatidau
StackR o2attan.

) S n L Accwuulotor & a i dtwn

n th p t Cameudn
ThL
a ddas dd
a m L i- ADD
L X is t L addss &Uand. .

Th ADD
ii opaatien
Ac Ac+ML)
AC hL ateuwnudatov agitu MX umbslizs
tu mtunsruy wtd scaled at addhlas X
u

i) Cnnal faad haani 2atia

Th b t m tunat m this Yet Cemputt
nuds huL ugiatun addrus tdda
PDDR, R2, R3 to dumati h aptati m R)-R2+R3
PDDRR2 weul dnslu tpuabin. RIRI+R2.
addnusa R iRi and R2 nmd, be
in us lueti&n
dpeed
 1
8 the
n p l tw
+ e a kagiata -+ypL cmputtu
thaun imatuctiM 6umat
n
ddnas iilds

Cgmeutd with ance

ThLAt ack- ganigatitwed cPU,
PuSH and foP mstuetiama
3atidm h a n y ,
wich Hui adldhdas d
PUSH
PoP

RE GLSTER OR GANITATION
GENE RAL
hugidi
w h wt aL umg muultipl n a l pupaL
m hi'cPu
ntttad 4 a singe
hushatu,
occumulator
uendn
h i thu t R 6 g
amigatian
0aatim
as
as hevtul huatun boasad tPv omizdtidm
-
 i hdhewn
id w n ni
AtM CPU hgi alixs
Su Aani ath'
uu Inbut

R 2

R
R
MUx
SEL B
load MUX

Bus BBuA
38

eLodd

SELD R ALU

&uctput
@)BlodR diaam

SELA SELB SEL DOPR

Rgidu At ui commma LU

ut tacd uautu CLnlehd to tus multi liea

(Mux) ftum u w&uALA A and8
mLA m cach ouuttpla
m t data tun thu Faticula bu
and B busA o u m thu pda to a caummn. ALU
 2
th ALU ditumimA . anumati
Thpatitu Adad in
u to bl autaumed
l i c mitoapuatian thot data
avaikal Gutut
ThL hLAult a mL midoaplatt tm
al. hu hugisdau
am, alB qA t b tu inpuds 4
tL Gutd
thL uttaud
Th that htuins the uttumatitm tam
lgistt
h
di todue acivatuu &L o
aoctd by a dteadi. btwear
ad uinpudi thua puwidi a
uanao poth
LAi nputs t ht h
and u
u dada in u utput bu
udd dtstimatdn taiad

umit Hhast taes tht CPU u dutem due ds th

TL
d M
sh hLQAtuu and. ALv by
intaumattan w
th vabuieus mPanuni in tu 4yem
Acti
c tis
Ptamm. tMatrm
n l L , +o
RIR2+Ra

Ha Cubns u t podu iona Lulctiam vauaut u

M alet imputu
MUx A Aauco (sELA): to platu i csdtdt R2 nto bus A
plae h Cadunt e R3 ntd buB
2 MUx B ct (SFLB):t
aummdie addtrtn
3
3 ALU spatim dsutor BPR) to usndt
A+
to VanahUthu cAnduit
din diutimatam Adadtoy (SELD) R1
ito
t upitt bus

y rlus i diun vaiu oblu uLuL Gtndatud in hu c t s l

unut ond muat owaulybu od hl m i n g
wnut a dladk

Aru gataA n hs uiptyois (md tha ALU, tu h tpAt aua

And undru inputs Ant dlat' matrdm tugi ahtalL duwumg
dck. yell mhnval
SELA
 tsde iats n the u s tumn a ths
Thi 3 bit khimay
4abl pscitie
rd SELD h u
h u ugutu addd b y l d s ELB ELA,
t4uiyaluvt to tnasus nurs
ditinmal uwwb
vus&L
in he cadi
FLB o00 te4di a l ipluser.
(bun SELA
data
A xdunal inpud
destimatibM MLat Li tid
o n CELD u 600 , MD
tu tuput buu i' vakaka. b n

eteal uthud

Encodins ALU oPatiMA

ALU LodiA avcmnctic, and, brie ttnas und ho In

oatitna.
addtitn L cPU m u a udL A

aAmilit MaynL

EnCsding &A ruionu

Ta
OPR Opatis Syrbal
TSFA
0000 INCA
teol Twund A
AD
6colo Add
Substad A-B sUB
DECA
DAUntnMn

ololo CR A andB
o l6 6R
ComA
CHRA
SHLA
 Xas Miduo elpucabians
Mdo epuatuans u

Cbel wed lu at uudid ** a mioustra

t Am tu cPU. thi Cotuel wbd. tn a qiin mto-
atib COm duüma Aciam valuabl

4 Subilatt mico-tAcatam n t t slatumuxt

R I R 2- R3
Hu A mpu & tu ALU, RZ { haB
Apatilis R2
nt&HL ALU, Ri *NL AItia tan u Atu and an

ALU &tabin u b t a c t A-B

(ube wed
din n a
dim vad u lach eld tbtaimd, un
Talbl O +
Biruu uu wtd Aaubattud mitaHatién
olo ol o oolo)

SELA SELB SELD bPR

R3 R sUB
Smb
C a Ognd ole ool dolo1

Amumsu mic adt atA t b a l wwds u n u t d

ConTPOL MEMORyN
iduotabtns d mst
m d u n n d and an
BieAtt t ALV.
wad
is mabpid it o dah, whe ftwwulati ms Ciusl
wt adaim 660 eama wnudid {ld.

um unpLt to utput s atstahud

u h
 *uCPU
Tab- Eams & Miousai ons
Symalic Dugnatitn
Cevbs u d
SELB CELD PR
ELA
Miouocatien SUB 6l ollce) cejo)
R3 R
RIR2-R3 R2 OR
llo lol o
Ry Ry VRS Ry RS
R TNCA 1
R6R+1 R TSFA
R
R7R Nont. TSFA
Outad-R2
Nem TSFA
Output-Inpt Ivput
SHLA
Ry
RS R
R5 0

daud to 0 wth an sli-OR epatT

A ugiciu can
i eca. 0.

STHCK ORGANIAMmON
 2
STACK ORAN]Z ATNONN
A Aack i l a Auagce Atviu. Ahat Atu UwMalit
a mant Hhud d o t thu
4ut lem hdueed lLIF0)
u pualuam a atack cam be Emhakid astoce
ays
Th aAack n deidal tmpacda A dallya mm
addrs hugiatun
aM Anital valu ws yadd wto at
addhuusn tu ahack u calis
hedds thu
ThHegiu Hat
SP a stackR fointou sr) tcau iu'valvt alway tiVdu
at hu p m n tak Aack.
ovaukabl
a a atauk adu alwas
Tu phgsieal hgicluu
t u untnt Hu wod hat
addy /uwsit
nudis dllttd.
h 2 tpaians a Atoack au ML inution 4 diltim Aeus

a s *L Lut
H u l t Ppuuiuiy
ulu
PVsH etade t Cam bl haust
amL idun n top. au
dalutia u a l d PP(t Pt-up
Aut UmaiM Cn dtevn
uym&miMG G tem
FoP wn b hught
as a

labue memay a
Ke L4ack
beplacud n a Pouttan umB
AA tacR
Can
aA a c l t t itm a timdt
btognied.
t caM
t hugistuu.
"sds
mm6su (4-ued hagualy dack
u dunugati t a
aheu
H Mtumbll tuhdiA valuL s
c&itaimms a bimast
ugitu
Tul SP hu wesd1 hati Cuuntlut Bm
o ti uAHLAA O
qal t dak
tp t
 3 Add)A

FULL oPry}

sP
A

DR
ock f.
diafam a -w s Aack
6dth
B*C in a t
A,
3 Hems au flacd in hu dack L CLMtid & P un6L2
sacR A
ped bu ding4
+p t huudim4
m C u tn dtack
carliw
teman op AV, &
dstnunum hs
To
wtnd at addhtas 3 sP halds addrlu
hu mm b L AtadR imce

B Mu" bn top
sP. amd FuLL u

EMTY i4
o
Ad o 4,
LP is dtaud
to o, addhass0
whd at addhass
uhd
Iniüall, tt t u
thoc sP Fimtu
eluara ho,
A t m p and
met tulu
dack
mapAd.
u
a d
amtu ttm
PUSH mut u l l lAt
FULL =o),
statr

ut
um poa bi&m
nudt with hu fellawn
wth thu fellauuo
i impllmurtd
T Fuh tpUuditm
ALsquAeL midaabinA

SP P*1
Im Cheme mt Atack TsimU
tu akaek
w t dtm m tb
MP)-R
hon ( FULL 1 )
Chck sauR ufll
TLP= )
EMT-6 Manr. th. adack. met amet
 A6. ha pai m u d n 2
M OUmAded
add' Mx
JnAALAA u wd, pum DR it
me vnau JuwuHe apUualia M
aAack
u top th
sPhatds
ma. addsuus.
M [sP duntta mu momauwtd. apli ied b

tadk u noldsuu 1w a
1w at
t
Jiut itmm Aud
in
ndduu
hi
(311 c eoe co
.
jtem s Hudd a adddulAI . ULL
em Henk,
A6.

i Atack u u l l
SP uadhas ,
maa.
uu, a u , no
dtm tdud in Abcatuun ,
n an A wultn
wuln m
in thl tack. m utwn
u m t nalha daur. CAMNot bi bmy, o
m
tak, dbrisully.
u tae
Tu

EMTY duaud >do.

u Atak s
» A muo Hun s dillttd um Hh atace
not evm EMT1-).
emALut bt ollouwii1 am
PP Opeaiun
wit4o baatrt s :

DR M (sP) Road Hom omtopt aiack

PAOMNnAMt tatk foimuA
SP sP-
Chack f Atack JA wVA
P-) m (Emy e-1)
FULL 6 Mank L sha ck nat falk

e H uad m M Alauk nto DRyw Atak

Poidth i sMenn
dfouyntsd. Nalna uachneA tho,
Lw ,o Emyy
Londiben Ju ceacbed. u ieM nLad was ococtus M1.
utt w tem u t u a s sut S As
diuamolid Rhtaheu
Hote (oppa0 n
uhed. uwh FuLL= ) t

MEMDRY STNC
a, sdand, als, wni
a duaod,
A Ada R aM y t al
nnti d n a hardswn
6 i (oM, be n
M u iguu topiL
acto mumau ddacmd toa PU.
tn a, docr n . CPU dons by
FhFUmentabu oahock ttrab6N-
ynuh
AimmK aa tatk uin
aim a jHoaAu, giai kadi vrad
Cewnp-din vnr
maws a Ption amd tdk
and std
huL sirmud: fobgam
data
d

Mernu unit

PhAhom
inducisn

2000

AP Pata
nwnda)

Sratk
3n
2118
sP 3119

ith toam, data ao

menuy
Comudt
addhias L thu
at h mut
csuwrdt Pc PoAma
th yuam addhuis 4iAu'AR funds
intyutMm hu pubam. Th
ih
T Aade. tirele sp uotu at
a rotu u bdoa,
shcR
 wirtn
detuaAlomanAAnaaadA UM h
at ack i 4000, Alhi
and th la st odAuAA hok Cwn ho Usod.
S200o
avalalt {o Alauk imi't dhatks.)
aum }hot h i dems -thu Aac commuitatt
uitm a Aaa ugiatu R
A nw Htm s AmAvded wrth hu. uah. bousM. as

SP sP- 1

Th
new6'id.
H addSLs . M
DR
pbiam. mdtcts tht wtkd
A memgy w e
t u tack
nto t top katsa aa Jaltuu
Hem dleded. with a P
A nr

DR M LsP]
SP sP+ 1
atack t
hack amto DR. th
o DR. thu
ad um h at tng
T tuP Hemm mchdmtmded to PeimA
u thun
tatR ptmtun

tace irmts po(LLAOY

mibh can b chcpa, bi Ldimg tw
t h Aacp.
uld, hL uppb Rimit 3e6 in t h
ugisius: &
tu hild. h aud limut (1o0 in
CaaL) and tu s
CaL)
thiA caL) .
At uuh Hulion, cP s compahued. wth. thi tpku
n i + w s i s l ad atna akau, cP u compaud
Sbusd - i n hagialu

h o nitnt"l1bnA o d td. {6. Cthoh fush. ah f4

OUN amAAo"Tntrnb uh. , and
a
CP.
(2 ukoalima
 Ah twe Imich. potali bnA u dn 4it
wuch. ant
and
and uhih sP u udaltd. hy irmmanlima t
garigaian. thd aask
mentim iténds tm dh
h advantagt a ynbmbu AatR i tha tu CPu
Cam u o witha hoingto p o r an o6dhlu.,
hi adduas a l u o á oijaLl ouhaealb,
Al.
t h t a c . fsrdth
updaled in

REVERSE YoLISH NoTAoN

A stack anigatum u u pi valuatin4
authnmutie pAlanA.
th cummun Tmahamalical mcthad. a4 uutum. authmdi
diallit whLn évalualtd, y a
peina ima
TNAX
ttn n
ThL Comm& atrutwmubie eriws auL

uten tctwu u pands

NOTATON, wth Rath ttuto

Conuidun hL imple ahuthmic puuLiGn

A R+C*D
bAwum u a unds
Tth* dtnet Multipication, u platud.
A Cord
and R
ThL+ twtin thu w piducta.
aithrec x p i i e n t
uiuauy
TO Vauat u whwli
u peduek A»B Atut thu peduch
C&mu Aum th hub paductu
a n d mn
Cemputi' C*D,
in An4i nehati en it mewau
for u t évaluate
tMAm ack and tuan u &puANAn to ditumin

TW Puah rathmaiician ahewtd. hat abithanttic khuLgrs

Cam be upusirded in PRE FX NOTION.
Thu hutaunt alibn., bte uttud h aL foLIsH NcTATJON,
ka at Luu th tund.
 atEvER,
32
PoTAY eTMON, ntndsd. t 2 E

o{bn the
foLISA N
ToLIS NR), JloLA h a
otand A
Anen/Jbaly u Aunli6MA
wn.u

Auitobl t
AuitoblL
1h ue Poluh rolatuwn in o, wm

Atocp unuuloim
ALi6m
ABtC*D
as
in hinl u L h notabn
A utt
AB C +

OPouor fruradam
Pane fasuad uais )
Expnntioal. (*)1
1uisticali tn, (*)
bm. (/)
Phddiit. (+)
Cubhulian -) tanskabun
slism. Netatin C u Md. Ar taal
 ae)rc ) (c) (,(e)(c-D)
A(Bc) ) f (c-p)
Ae)-
A+LBc / -DD
+ ABC +ABc

eytaaitm n eauivalund
Tandae. 0ch imi

((A-R)r(bJe) (tm eyD)/tE-F)+,

Ar (EtD)/E-F7 (tnt M/)
AR/ lcrphE)
() A+ B C
-

( DJEE)* 61) 1 n

O (A-B x (>|E)

AL-DE +*

A+e1D) (E-F)t
(A+ [ B l ) /[EF-]+
LEF-)+ G
AB+
ABD1+EF-) +

A-B (C+ pAE)

- (c+ [DEA])

BCLEAY
Pc.1En¥-
 34
AIesb E-F* (O1H/)
A BD+|E-F * (+LhK/])
ABDlE-F* [nHE}+)
ep«)|E (FH+x

ABDtE|F)HK+*-

A+(B*C- DlE AP)« b) *H

A + * C - ( DI LEFA])
*6)*H
+ (erc -[DE FA/] * G)*H

A+ BC¥ DEFa) b*-J * H

6*-H*)
+ ec*DEFA)
ABC DEFA)Gk-H*
 35
Enauati c ithmatic. phusNu
grnkinad h . a tack ahkonspmurt
PAtndt Rliih natab aM
wnaat Xiciet pnum
valuatimg athwnati'e espultu
tal culatu
eeduu u empuyed n 6 n a h d i c
Ti puo
d also in LAm comths.
e ac.edw. Couuti umt Cedima. h an iL p ur

h ands a pushid ivt h dade in tu sdsn in

uwwch HupLa unun am

t Aulk
moetHati auL euhd wh

pati i inuud in a Caleulatur n

uiusd b
CutH 'n a cbnptu
ttocee aa d
d., p
m dptands in thu
22 2 p
biatiim, and

2 u d th tuAlt

place

By p i u aplLaitn
Ha Batib aA d abun,
pouwmime
tinal kuult
evaluaLdin tu p u edu ad tu

wmai M p t u toek.

omplu
Conaid autuvnutic iGM

n irus Ptlial notatitu, t i Lpuua as

3 4 56*+

StatR tPUutibn
Shatp eeutib 4un in u
Ench bx ophiAMds uL atocR puutisn and thL a s u
 3
02 12

S
t evawat
evalall 3.4 +S
34+S6

SmR sratins
n* tn uTmai.

u m a 3a puud i t o tu adk,
i a t tu
multTpicatin u t ,
h e ALmbel
+hL +wb tpm FVL
sCais a mulipicati&N

tak itun PpLd and u dutt is pas n tp

, Klaia u u Csina andu
Aacr
te padSandu 5, u
Nat w MeNdt u
a usu d o thi *aR .

Thu t a k p t i m a t HLulds H n Tu m kupla

>T h atim t Caus an aithmctic asatim

in ztack edue
uvalL u l t 4 2 .