3D Printing

M.N.Weerasekara – SA24610174

K.M.N.S.S.B.Karunaratne - SA24610039

K.K.D.K.Senanayaka – SA24610079

T.Shapthami – SA24610136

D.M.U.H.Dilshan – SA24610170

OCTOBER 6, 2024
SLIIT City UINI
Team 08
 Table of content
1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………….….………………2

2. What is 3D printing…………………………………………………………………………………………..……………2

3. Industries that use 3D printing………………………………………………………………………..…………….2

3.1 Automotive industry…………………………………………………………………………….……………...2

3.1.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………….2
3.1.2 3D printing in Automotive industry………………………………………………………….3
3.1.3 3D printing Applications that use in Automotive Industry…………………….....3
3.1.3.1 3D printing in Prototyping of parts…………………………………………………..……..3
3.1.3.2 3D printing in Lightweight car components……………………………………….…….5

3.2 Food Industry……………………………………………………………………………………………………….6

3.2.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………...6
3.2.2 What are the 3D printing Applications use in Food Industry?.................................6

3.2.2.1 3D printing in Customized Food Shapes and Designs……....……...................7

3.2.2.2 3D printing in Personalized Nutrition…….........….……………………………….…7
3.2.3 Advantages of 3D printing in Food industry.........................................................8

3.3 Healthcare Industry……………………………………………………………………………………….…...8

3.3.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………….……....8
3.3.2 3D printing in Healthcare Industry…………………………………………………………….…....8
3.3.3 What are the 3D printing Applications use in Healthcare Industry?..........................9
3.3.4 Advantages of 3D printing in healthcare……………………………………………………….……...10

4. Future Direction for 4D printing...………………………..……………………………………….….... ....11

4.1 Emergence of 4D printing from 3D printing……………….………………………………........11

5. Conclusion.......................................................................................................................11

6.
Reference..........................................................................................................
..............12

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 3D PRINTING

1. Introduction
3D printing is first developed in the 1980s. It originated as a tool for rapid prototyping. Rapid
prototyping is a quick and efficient way to create a model or sample of a product. It uses advanced
technologies, like 3D printing, to turn digital designs into physical objects in a short amount of time.
Over the years, ,3D printing has come a long way since it began and has now evolved to encompass a
number of different technologies. Today, it is used in various industries, including manufacturing,
healthcare, automotive, consumer goods, aerospace, robotics, and art, allowing for the creation of
complex shapes and customized products. This innovation not only streamlines the design process but
also significantly reduces costs and time, making it an asset in modern production and design.

2. what is 3D printing
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a process of creating three-dimensional objects
from a digital file.3D printing involves layering materials one on top of the other to build up an object.
The process starts with a computer-aided design (CAD) that undergoes meticulous slicing into thousands
of horizontal layers, which are then printed successively to create the final product. 3D printing can
make complex shapes and designs effortlessly compared to the traditional manufacturing methods.

3. What are the industries that use 3D printing?

1. Automotive
2. Food
3. Healthcare
4. Aerospace
5. Consumer goods
6. Robotics

3.1 Automotive Industry

3.1.1 Introduction

Henry Ford introduced the first moving assembly line for the mass production of entire automobiles in
December 1913. The automotive industry has been a leader in driving innovation in modern
manufacturing. This breakthrough reduced the time to build a car from over 12 hours to just 2 hours and
30 minutes, revolutionizing production efficiency.

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The Automotive industry specifies in design, development, manufacturing, marketing, selling, repairing
and modification of motor vehicles. The pace of change and innovation continues to speed up, with 3D
printing playing a key role. 3D printing in the automotive industry has become a significant change by
enabling faster design iterations, reducing production costs, and allowing for greater customization

3.1.2 3D printing in Automotive industry

The automotive industry has been a leader in advancing the applications of 3D printing technology in
manufacturing. Over the past three years, its use has significantly increased. both as a rapid prototyping
tool and increasingly for the batch production of parts. As 3D printing technology and materials have
improved, greater precision and reliability have enabled more applications, further increasing the
adoption of the technology within the industry.

3.1.3 What are the 3D printing Applications use in Automotive Industry?

1. Prototyping of parts
2. Tooling, jigs and fixtures
3. Lightweight car components
4. End-user customization and personalized parts
5. Small batch of spare parts for classic cars and discontinues models

3D printing in prototyping of parts

I. What is prototype

Prototyping is a key element of product design and engineering. It helps to verify whether
a part meets design specifications. Visual (about appearance), functional (test the
functionality), fit (how components fit together) are the types of prototypes. Machining
and injection molding are legacy prototyping methods. They are expensive and take too
much time to produce a single prototype.

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II. 3D printing in Prototyping

Rapid prototyping is a specific approach within prototyping that focuses on quickly

creating prototypes using advanced technologies like 3D printing. This process helps
designers and engineers to validate the design, function, and fit of components before
moving to mass production, allowing automotive manufacturers to quickly create and
test prototypes of vehicle parts.

III. How 3D printing happening in Prototyping

The 3D printing prototyping process begins with creating a digital model using CAD
software, which is then sliced into layers for the printer. The printer builds the prototype
layer by layer using materials such as thermoplastics and photopolymers. After printing,
the prototype may undergo post-processing, such as sanding or painting, to achieve the
desired finish. This efficient process allows for rapid production and testing of prototypes,
speeding up product development cycles. Parts such as dashboards, brackets, and
housings can be quickly prototyped and tested for fit and function.

IV. Example of 3D printing in Prototyping

Stratasys is an industry leader in polyjet 3D printers. PolyJet 3D printers are an example

of a 3D printing application in the automotive industry. These printers use materials
suitable for cost effective prototyping and automotive applications. Polyjet 3D printers
make rapid prototyping a reality within a few hours, allowing for faster testing, iteration
and design changes of automobile components and assemblies. This leads to more
efficient and effective product development.

V. Advantages of 3D printing in Prototyping

3D printing offers significant benefits for prototyping, including faster production times
for quick design iterations, cost-effectiveness through reduced material waste and the
ability to make complex geometries that are impossible to be made with other
techniques. These advantages streamline product development and enhance final
products.

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3D printing in Lightweight car components

I. how lightweight happen

The automotive industry is constantly trying to reduce the overall weight of its parts and
designs. The optimal design and application of materials, the optimal design of product
structure, the development and application of advanced additive manufacturing technology are
the three main ways to achieve lightweight.

II. What are the 3D printing materials use for lightweight?

3D printing for lightweight car components uses advanced materials like carbon fiber-reinforced
polymers (CFRP), nylon, polyamide, and lightweight metals such as aluminum and titanium
alloys. These materials offer strength and durability while reducing weight, enabling more
efficient, high-performance vehicle parts.

III. Examples of 3D printing materials that use for Lightweight car components

Lightweight materials are materials that can be used to reduce the product's weight and
improve its overall performance. Steel is a lightweight metal material. Steel maintains a
dominant position, especially in the field of automotive manufacturing. 3D printing exhaust
pipe applied on ford mustang is an example for use lightweight materials in automotive
industry.

Aluminum alloy is the most widely used and most common automotive lightweight material.
At present, the main types of aluminum alloy 3D printing materials are AlSi10Mg, AlSi7Mg
AlSi12, etc., among which AlSi10Mg almost occupies the absolute mainstream.

Another lightweight material is engineering plastics, which are mostly used in the
manufacture of automotive interior parts, electrical components, intake manifolds, control
panels and other components. They can be used for prototype verification and can also be
used to directly manufacture final functional parts.

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IV. Advantages of 3D printing in Lightweight car components

Lightweight components made through 3D printing offer several advantages, including

improved fuel efficiency, as reducing a vehicle's weight lowers fuel consumption and emissions.
They also enhance performance by improving acceleration, handling, and braking. Additionally,
lighter components contribute to the overall sustainability of vehicles by reducing the
environmental impact, making cars more efficient and eco-friendlier

3.2 Food Industry

3.2.1 Introduction

3D food printing applies the principles of additive manufacturing to food ingredients, enabling the
creation of edible structures from a digital design. It uses ingredients that are pureed or powdered,
such as chocolate, dough, or mashed vegetables, which are extruded layer by layer to build up
customized meals. As with other 3D printing technologies, this process begins with a computer-
aided design (CAD) file that dictates the shape, size, and internal structure of the food item. 3D food
printing is particularly exciting because it allows for intricate designs, personalized nutrition, and
even the possibility of reducing food waste through precision cooking

3.2.2 What are the 3D printing Applications use in the Food Industry?

1. Customized food shapes and designs

2. Personalized Nutrition
3. Food Texture modification
4. Food Waste Reduction
5. Plant Based and Alternative foods
6. Edible packaging
7. Rapid Meal Preparation in high demand settings
8. Functional foods with health benefits

3D printing in Customized Food Shapes and Designs

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 One of the most visually striking applications of 3D printing in the food industry is the ability to create
customized food shapes and designs. This feature has been particularly beneficial in high-end culinary
arts, where chefs can design intricate, unique shapes that would be impossible to achieve using
traditional methods. For instance, desserts, pasta, and even meat substitutes can be printed into
complex, attractive forms that enhance the dining experience. This customization is not only aesthetic
but also functional, allowing chefs to tailor the texture, density, and flavor of dishes to individual
preferences.

3D printing in Personalized Nutrition

Another powerful application of 3D food printing is in personalized nutrition. This technology can be
used to design meals that meet the specific dietary needs of individuals, whether based on health
conditions, allergies, or personal goals. For example, athletes can have meals printed with higher protein
content, while elderly patients in hospitals can receive meals that are easier to chew and digest but still
rich in essential nutrients. 3D printing allows for precise control over ingredient ratios, which can help in
creating balanced diets tailored to the individual, promoting healthier eating habits, and addressing
medical dietary requirements.

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3.2.3 Advantages of 3D printing in Food Industry

3D printing offers several advantages in the food industry, including the ability to create highly
customized and personalized food products. It promotes innovation by enabling intricate designs and
efficient ingredient use, reducing food waste. The technology also ensures consistency in production,
enhances nutritional content, and supports sustainability through the use of alternative ingredients like
plant-based proteins. Additionally, 3D printing speeds up food preparation and can extend shelf life,
making it a valuable tool for both creativity and efficiency in food production

3.3 Healthcare Industry

3.3.1 Introduction

Healthcare is a structured manner of delivering medical care to an individual or the community.

Numerous services include promoting, sustaining, and restoring health through treatment, prevention,
and care. Healthcare systems consist of various institutions, such as hospitals, clinics, pharmacies, and
laboratories, all working together in some coordinated way to ensure that people receive proper
medical attention. The medical team includes all active participants in the industry. “Doctors, nurses,
surgeons, pharmacists, and specialists” they all work in concert to provide care and services that aim to
improve the well-being of people.

The health care industry is especially important for improving life, curing diseases, and recuperating
from injury. In addition, it will be concerned with public health initiatives regarding the prevention of
diseases and encouraging healthier lifestyles. It is a dynamic field where constant innovation takes place
owing to constantly changing technology for better diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcome.

3.3.2 3D printing in Healthcare Industry

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, has revolutionized the field of medicine in the most
personalized and accurate manner while remaining low-cost and speedy. It offers unmatched
possibilities for creating objects layer by layer from a digital file to meet specific patient needs that
cannot be achieved by traditional manufacturing techniques. Some of the critical ways 3D printing
impacts healthcare include.

3D printing can provide patient-specific implants, prosthetics, and other medical devices that exactly
match the anatomy of the individual. Such personalization improves comfort, functionality, and patient
acceptance.

3.3.3 What are the 3D printing Applications use in Healthcare Industry?

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 1. Implants
2. Prosthetic
3. Drug formulations and delivery devices
4. Hearing aid
5. Organ and Tissue printing

3D printing in Implants

Being able to design and produce customized implants for patients, including dental, spinal, and hip
implants, has improved the world of medicine quickly and accurately. These personalized parts could
reduce surgery time, complications, having to manually alter standard-sized implants, and the number
of invasive bone graft surgeries that doctors must carry out. All these factors lead to speedier patient
recovery and greater chance of success

3D printing in Prosthetics

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 I. The ability to personalize 3D-printed prosthetics is undoubtedly one of the most impressive
ways the method is being used in healthcare, and it has proved to be a meaningful change for
amputees. These parts, which include arms and legs, perfectly match the patient’s body for
greater comfort and functionality. Traditional prosthetics and their components are notoriously
expensive (anywhere from $1,500 to $8,000) and need extensive and invasive regular manual
adjustments. Not to mention that they take a long time to be ordered and made.

II. A 3D-printed prosthetic is often more cost-effective. It also has a quick turnaround time (in some
cases as little as a day) and requires much less adjusting thanks to its being completely bespoke.
These factors are particularly useful for children who quickly outgrow their prosthetics. 3D
printing also helps make the not-very pleasant process a little more tolerable for children and
adults alike as they get to choose the assorted colors, designs, and styles of their prosthetics.

III. and addition to prosthetics, anatomical replicas for use in education, training, and pre-surgery
planning can be created. These prints very closely, if not precisely, mimic real organs that are
designed from the patient’s actual imaging data to allow the practitioners to rehearse their
surgeries before the big event. Complicated surgeries can be simulated, allowing doctors and
trainees to improve their skills and confidence for fewer complications, and a greater chance of
success. At Xo Metry we offer full-color printing via PolyMet 3D printing technology, which
allows us to create life-like replicas with realistic textures and colors. You can learn more about
that technology on our PolyMet service page.

3.4.4 Advantages of 3D printing in Healthcare

Medicine and healthcare have been one of the first industries to adopt 3D printing technology as the
advantages are endless. It does not take a rocket scientist to see just how important 3D printing already
is, and has the potential to be, in healthcare. The main goal here is to improve patient care and health.
Personalized parts, medicines, drug delivery methods, and other solutions based on each patient’s data
from MRI and CT scans are changing the way patients are being treated, lowering their recovery times
and potential complications, and increasing the chances of success.

3D-printed parts in healthcare are designed to be more compatible with the human body than
traditionally made parts and can be more easily adapted to a patient’s exact anatomy and needs. The
process allows for the quick creation of necessary medical items, including on-demand manufacturing,
which reduces the need for large and expensive inventories, and lowers patient wait times. The speed of
3D printing also means that any design adjustments needed after testing will not take a long time either.
In emergencies, this is an invaluable benefit.

Compared to usual manufacturing methods, 3D printing is a lot eco-friendlier and keeps waste to a
minimum. It is also much more cost-effective as not very much manual labor or tools are needed, other
than the printer and the material. Thanks to the materials used in 3D printing, parts can be made much
lighter and sturdier than traditionally manufactured ones. Surgeons and those still in education can

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practice surgeries on life-like 3D printed parts, and test new devices and treatments without having to
go through the typically long delivery wait times.

As this method gains popularity, it will make healthcare much more accessible for patients and enable
facilities and professionals to do their jobs much more quickly and efficiently.

4. Future direction for 4D printing

4.1 - Emergence of 4D printing from 3D printing

The increasing need for flexible objects in various applications, such as self-folding packaging,
adaptive wind turbines, etc., has fueled the emergence of 4D printing. Researchers are currently
looking ahead of conventional 3D printing, which fabricates structures from a single material, to
develop a meta-material structure. The meta-material structure is generated by combining different
materials that provide superimposed structural responses when activated by external stimuli. The
congruent printing of varied materials will form material anisotropy, which enables the object to
change the structure by bending, elongating, twisting, and corrugating along its axes. Researchers
are further working on expanding these structural changes to create lockers, lifters, microtubes, soft
robots, toys, etc. This capability of objects to transform their structure over time by using the
behavior of dissimilar materials is termed as 4D printing.

5. Conclusion

The technology of 3D printing concrete holds immense potential to address the sustainability
challenges faced by the modern building and construction sector, presenting exciting opportunities for
innovative design possibilities. Construction is expected to embrace an integrated process that combines
traditional and additive manufacturing methods as construction advances. This transformative
technology is poised to shape the future of the building and construction industry.

6. Reference

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  3D printing in the automotive industry,” 3DGence. https://3dgence.com/3dnews/3d-printing-in-
automotive-industry/

 ‌ ow 3D Printing Drives Change in the Automotive Industry,” Markforged.

H
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industry

 How 3D Printers Have Accelerated the Automotive Industry,” www.stratasys.com.

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manufacturing/

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Structures,” Eplus3D. https://www.eplus3d.com/3d-printing-enables-lightweight-
manufacturing-in-automotive-industry.

 T. Tabassum and A. Ahmad Mir, “A Review of 3d Printing technology-the Future of Sustainable

Construction,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 93, no. 3, Aug. 2023, doi:
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 Xometry, “10 Applications and Examples of 3D Printing Uses,” www.xometry.com, May 18, 2023.
https://www.xometry.com/resources/3d-printing/applications-of-3d-printing/

 T. Xometry, “3D Printing in the Food Industry: History, Benefits, Materials, and Examples,”
www.xometry.com, Aug. 08, 2022. https://www.xometry.com/resources/3d-printing/3d-food-
printing/

 T. Xometry, “3D Printing in the Food Industry: History, Benefits, Materials, and Examples,”
www.xometry.com, Aug. 08, 2022. https://www.xometry.com/resources/3d-printing/3d-food-
printing/

 A. Nelson, “3D-food printing for healthy eating and delicious desserts | NSF - National Science
Foundation,” new.nsf.gov, Nov. 20, 2023. https://new.nsf.gov/science-matters/3d-food-
printing-healthy-eating-delicious-desserts

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  S. Shinde, R. Mane, A. Vardikar, A. Dhumal, and A. Rajput, “4D printing: From emergence to
innovation over 3D printing,” European Polymer Journal, vol. 197, p. 112356, Oct. 2023, doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112356.

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