Module 4: Internet of Everything (IoE)

Module Introduction
The internet of everything (IoE) is a broad term that refers to devices and consumer
products connected to the internet and outfitted with expanded digital features. It is a
philosophy in which technology's future is comprised of many different types of
appliances, devices, and items connected to the global internet. The positive impact of
the IoT on citizens, businesses, and governments will be significant, ranging from
helping governments reduce healthcare costs and improving quality of life, to reducing
carbon footprints, increasing access to education in remote underserved communities,
and improving transportation safety.

Unit 1 - Opportunities with IoT

Unit 2 - Internet of Everything (IoE)

Unit 1 - Opportunities with IoT

1.0 Introduction
2.0 Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)
3.0 Main Content
3.1 Opportunities with IoT
3.2 Data Analytics With IoT in Business
3.3 Data Analytics With IoT: Business Efficiency
3.4 Industry and IoT
3.5 Use Case: Industry - predictive Maintenance
4.0 Self -Assessment Exercise(s)
5.0 Conclusion
6.0 Summary
7.0 Further Reading

1.0 Introduction
After years of hype, anticipation, and steady uptake, the Internet of Things (IoT) seems
poised to cross over into mainstream business use. The number of businesses that use
IoT technologies has increased from 13 percent in 2014 to about 25 percent today. And
the worldwide number of IoT-connected devices is projected to increase to 43 billion by
2023, an almost threefold increase from 2018

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 2.0 Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
1. describe the Opportunities with IoT in Business
2. discuss the Data Analytics with IoT
3. explain the Preventive and Predictive maintenance

3.0 Main Content

3.1 Opportunities with IoT
IoT is currently considered one of the most profound transitions in technology. Current
IoT provides several data analytics opportunities for big data analytics.
shows examples of use cases and opportunities.
E-commerce
Smart Cities Retail & Logistics
Healthcare

Figure 15: Example of use cases and opportunities for big IoT data analytics
architecture

A. E-commerce
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Big IoT data analytics offers well-designed tools to process real-time big data, which
produce timely results for decision making. Big IoT data exhibit heterogeneity,
increasing volume, and real-time data processing features. The convergence of big
data with IoT brings new challenges and opportunities to build a smart environment.
Big IoT data analytics has widespread applications in nearly every industry. However,
the main success areas of analytics are in e-commerce, revenue growth, increased
customer size, the accuracy of sale forecast results, product optimization, risk
management, and improved customer segmentation.

B. Smart cities
Big data collected from smart cities offer new opportunities in which efficiency gains
can be achieved through an appropriate analytics platform/infrastructure to analyze
big IoT data. Various devices connect to the Internet in a smart environment and share
information. Moreover, the cost of storing data has been reduced dramatically after the
invention of cloud computing technology. Analysis capabilities have made huge
leaps. Thus, the role of big data in a smart city can potentially transform every sector
of the economy of a nation. Hadoop with the YARN resource manager has offered
recent advancements in big data technology to support and handle numerous
workloads, real-time processing, and streaming data ingestion.

C. Retail and logistics

IoT is expected to play a key role as an emerging technology in the area of retail and
logistics. In logistics, RFID keeps track of containers, pallets, and crates. In addition,
considerable advancements in IoT technologies can facilitate retailers by providing
several benefits. However, IoT devices generate large amounts of data daily. Thus,
powerful data analytics enables enterprises to gain insights from the voluminous
amounts of data produced through IoT technologies. Applying data analytics to
logistic data sets can improve the shipment experience of customers. Moreover, retail
companies can earn additional profit by analyzing customer data, which can predict
the trends and demands of goods. By looking into customer data, optimizing pricing
plans and seasonal promotions can be planned efficiently to maximize profit.

D. Healthcare
Recent years have witnessed tremendous growth in smart health monitoring devices.
These devices generate enormous amounts of data. Thus, applying data analytics to
data collected from fetal monitors, electrocardiograms, temperature monitors, or blood
glucose level monitors can help healthcare specialists efficiently assess the physical
conditions of patients. Moreover, data analytics enables healthcare professionals to
diagnose serious diseases in their early stages to help save lives. Furthermore, data
analytics improves the clinical quality of care and ensures the safety of patients. In
addition, physician profiles can be reviewed by looking into the history of the
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treatment of patients, which can improve customer satisfaction, acquisition, and
retention.

3.2 Data Analytics with IoT in Business

Advanced analytics on IoT data would help in analyzing the data collected over a large
period, and in turn, gain a better insight into systems and their behavior. To create
models to forecast future outcomes and to optimize the same. Collect information to
estimate factors that would not be directly measured by sensors, by determining the
relationship between different system parameters, and their impact on each other. To
create real business value from the Internet of Things by leveraging IoT data and
Analytics, companies need to set up their business objectives across the organization
and identify and prioritize specific IoT use cases that support each of the organizational
functions. Companies that have invested in IoT with a long-term view and business
focus are well-positioned to succeed in this fast-evolving area.

Figure 16: Use cases of IoT data analytics

MARKETING / SALES / CUSTOMER SERVICES

Goals: To identify and meet customer needs, improve customer experience,
differentiate product and service offerings, identify sales leads, develop long-term
customer relationships, identify and generate new revenue streams, create new
business models (e.g., pay per usage), and others.

Identification of Customer Insights and Opportunities: Companies use IoT analytics

to analyse usage data of IoT-enabled products, device condition, and customer data to
foresee customer needs, device usage, and purchasing behaviour to drive sales
optimisations. They can automatically trigger alerts for cross-selling and up-sell
opportunities, predict future purchases, and create new models for multiple purchases.
On the consumer products and services side, for example, it is easy for Oil and Gas
retailers to integrate vehicle-related services into cars with connected fueling, targeting
drivers with tailored offerings based on their proximity to locations. Similarly,
manufacturers of smart refrigerators with IoT-enabled technology, would be able to
foresee when a customer’s water filter is about to expire and automatically add them
into a sales pipeline that market to that specific filter. Companies can create new
dynamics in sales departments by providing upsell and cross-sell opportunities and

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enabling sales staff to focus on selling, by reducing the time and effort required for
data collection and account management tasks. In addition, companies can integrate.

3.3 Data Analytics with IoT: Business Efficiency

Data though collected by the devices need to be filtered to make it relevant and useful.
The redundancy in the data being collected is predominant due to the sheer nature of
the framework of IoT. The data is continuous hence the extraction of valuable
information is not simple. This requires a good mechanism of protocols and software
to ensure that the data is secured and also significant. Data is generally collected by
the sensor devices in which these devices collect and transmit data to a centralized
server. Similarly, the data is distributed back to the devices also. These activities
require the performance efficiency of the network to be optimum. IoT involves several
heterogeneous networks like wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Wireless mesh
networks, Wireless LAN. These networks would help in the transmission of data and
also involve various types of quality issues ranging from performance to energy
efficiency.
Big Data and IoT are complementary to each other and are two dimensions of
perception. Managing the data and extracting information from it is a very vital task
associated with IoT. An appropriate analytical platform is required to enable the
derivation of knowledge from IoT data. IoT devices generate continuous streams of
data in a scalable way. It is essential to handle the high volume of stream data and
exploit the data. In a normal scenario of Big Data, the data might not be stream data,
but the actions are. While in IoT data, it is a continuous flow. Applying real-time
analytics is the need in the IoT environment. The advantages of IoT can be seen only
when real-time analytics is applied to the data stored.

3.4 Industry and IoT

IOT DATA ANALYTICS APPLICATIONS/USE CASES BY INDUSTRY
VERTICALS The IoT landscape is large and heterogeneous and many industry-
specific data analytics applications have emerged around IoT-generated data. In
industry verticals, insights generated from data analytics have to be matched with a
deep understanding of industry dynamics and functional best practices. The following
section of the Report illustrates some of the key examples of IoT data analytics use
cases in various industry sectors including Agriculture, Energy, Utilities,
Environment, and Public Safety, Healthcare/Medical and Lifestyle, Wearables,
Insurance, Manufacturing, Military/Defence and Cyber Security, Oil and Gas, Retail,
Public Sector (e.g., Smart Cities), Smart Homes/Smart Buildings, Supply Chain,
Telecommunication and Transportation.

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3.5 Use Case: Industry -Predictive Maintenance
AGRICULTURE
 USE CASES: Real-time crop monitoring and management, soil moisture
monitoring for controlled irrigation, smart usage of fertilizers and pesticides to
manage and reduce environmental impact, equipment scheduling and
maintenance, animal health monitoring, and energy and greenhouse gas
emissions management.
 Benefits: Reduction of environmental impact, reduced water, fertilizer, and
pesticide consumption, resource optimization, livestock tracking, augmented
crop productivity as well as numerous operational controls such as tracking
water consumption to enable tariffing and detection of unauthorized water
consumption

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
Case Study: Fastenal Uses Real-Time Machine Monitoring to run faster, gain
production hours, take on more jobs, and produce more parts than ever before.

Predictive Maintenance
 There are many types of maintenance that manufacturers can employ at their
facilities. As they advance in maturity, they can deploy more advanced forms
of maintenance that are based on data. This data provides insight into the
performance and health of equipment, giving maintenance teams a better
understanding of when equipment needs to be serviced.
 With IoT-connected equipment, manufacturers can move from a calendar-based
plan to a condition-based strategy. If manufacturers collect enough data on
equipment performance and health, they can closely monitor variables to
establish a threshold that can predict impending machine failure.
 This advanced form of maintenance, predictive maintenance, enables
manufacturers to get the absolute most out of their maintenance spending while
reducing downtime as much as possible.

Case Study: Predicting and Preventing Tool Failure

Production Visibility
 The only way for most manufacturers to know what is happening on the shop
floor is to walk out onto the shop floor. Even then it may take some time to
observe the operators and machines to truly understand where performance
stands. They may have to engage with managers, analyze a whiteboard of part
counts, etc.

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  With connected equipment via a machine monitoring solution, manufacturing
leaders, plant managers, and operators have insight into all their machines with
visual dashboards tracking the performance against production goals.
 This opens many use cases for optimizing the performance of equipment,
including process optimization, maintenance, and quality.

4.0 Self -Assessment Exercise(s)

Answer the following question:
1. Discuss the Opportunity in IoT use Cases
2. Describe Data Analytics with IoT in Business
3. Explain the Industry and IoT
4. What do you understand by Preventive maintenance?

5.0 Conclusion
The positive impact of the IoT on citizens, businesses, and governments will be
significant, ranging from helping governments reduce healthcare costs and improving
quality of life, to reducing carbon footprints, increasing access to education in remote
underserved communities, and improving transportation safety.

6.0 Summary
Opportunity in IoT Use Cases has discussed and Data Analytics with IoT in Business.
We also explain the Industry and IoT with preventive and predictive maintenances.

7.0 Further Reading

Forecast: Internet of Things — Endpoints and Associated Services, Worldwide,
2017, Gartner, December 2017, gartner.com.
Tulasi B, Girish J Vemulkar (2016), Blending IoT and Big Data Analytics
International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, 5(4)

Internet of Things (IoT): A Vision, Architectural Elements, and Future Directions,

Jayavardhana Gubbi, a Rajkumar Buyya,b, Slaven Marusic,aMarimuthu
Palaniswami, Future Generation Computer Systems 29 (2013) 1645–1660

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