MAIN code
//User define the programme
//Code written by "chaitanya"
//Date of generating 27/07/2025
//At location "yelamanchili city"
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <HTTPClient.h> // For making HTTP requests to APIs
#include <ArduinoJson.h> // For parsing JSON responses from APIs
#include <NTPClient.h> // For getting time from NTP server
#include <WiFiUdp.h> // Required by NTPClient
#include <LiquidCrystal.h> // For LCD 16x2 display
// --- Wi-Fi Credentials (IMPORTANT: REPLACE THESE!) ---
#define WIFI_SSID "YOUR_WIFI_SSID"
#define WIFI_PASSWORD "YOUR_WIFI_PASSWORD"
// --- API Keys and City (IMPORTANT: REPLACE THESE!) ---
// Get your API keys from OpenWeatherMap and NewsAPI
#define OPENWEATHERMAP_API_KEY "YOUR_OPENWEATHERMAP_API_KEY"
#define NEWSAPI_API_KEY "YOUR_NEWSAPI_KEY"
#define CITY "Thadepalli_City" // Your desired city for weather
// --- LCD 16x2 Pin Assignments (Connect to ESP32 GPIOs) ---
// RS, Enable, D4, D5, D6, D7
LiquidCrystal lcd(16, 17, 5, 18, 19, 23);
// --- NTP Client Setup ---
WiFiUDP ntpUDP;
NTPClient timeClient(ntpUDP, "pool.ntp.org", 19800, 60000); // GMT+5:30
(19800 seconds), update every 60 seconds
// --- Global variables for display content ---
String currentTime = "";
String currentDate = "";
String weatherInfo = "";
String newsHeadline = "";
// --- Function Prototypes ---
void connectToWiFi();
void updateTime();
void updateWeather();
void updateNews();
void displayOnLCD();
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
lcd.begin(16, 2); // Initialize the LCD with 16 columns and 2 rows
lcd.print("Smart Mirror Init");
connectToWiFi(); // Connect to Wi-Fi
timeClient.begin(); // Start NTP client
Serial.println("Setup complete.");
}
void loop() {
timeClient.update(); // Update NTP time
// Update data periodically
static unsigned long lastUpdateTime = 0;
const unsigned long updateInterval = 60000; // Update every 1 minute
(60000 ms)
if (millis() - lastUpdateTime > updateInterval) {
lastUpdateTime = millis();
updateTime(); // Get current time and date
updateWeather(); // Get weather data
updateNews(); // Get news headline
}
displayOnLCD(); // Always update LCD with latest info
delay(1000); // Small delay to prevent display flicker and rapid
updates
}
/**
* @brief Connects the ESP32 to the specified Wi-Fi network.
*/
void connectToWiFi() {
Serial.print("Connecting to WiFi: ");
Serial.println(WIFI_SSID);
lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("Connecting WiFi");
WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASSWORD);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print(".");
}
Serial.println("\nWiFi connected. IP: " + WiFi.localIP());
lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("WiFi Connected!");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print(WiFi.localIP());
delay(2000);
}
/**
* @brief Updates the global time and date strings from NTP client.
*/
void updateTime() {
currentTime = timeClient.getFormattedTime(); // HH:MM:SS
// Get date: YYYY-MM-DD
unsigned long epochTime = timeClient.getEpochTime();
struct tm *ptm = gmtime ((time_t *)&epochTime);
char dateBuffer[11];
sprintf(dateBuffer, "%04d-%02d-%02d", ptm->tm_year + 1900, ptm-
>tm_mon + 1, ptm->tm_mday);
currentDate = String(dateBuffer);
Serial.println("Time: " + currentTime + ", Date: " + currentDate);
}
/**
* @brief Fetches weather data from OpenWeatherMap API and updates
global weather string.
*/
void updateWeather() {
if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
HTTPClient http;
String url = "http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q=" +
String(CITY) + "&appid=" + String(OPENWEATHERMAP_API_KEY) +
"&units=metric";
http.begin(url);
int httpCode = http.GET();
if (httpCode == HTTP_CODE_OK) {
String payload = http.getString();
DynamicJsonDocument doc(512); // Adjust size as needed
deserializeJson(doc, payload);
float temp = doc["main"]["temp"];
String description = doc["weather"][0]
["description"].as<String>();
weatherInfo = String(CITY) + ": " + String(temp, 1) + "C, " +
description;
Serial.println("Weather: " + weatherInfo);
} else {
weatherInfo = "Weather Error!";
Serial.println("Weather Error: " + http.errorToString(httpCode));
}
http.end();
} else {
weatherInfo = "No WiFi for Weather";
}
}
/**
* @brief Fetches news headline from NewsAPI and updates global news
string.
*/
void updateNews() {
if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
HTTPClient http;
String url = "https://newsapi.org/v2/top-headlines?
country=in&apiKey=" + String(NEWSAPI_API_KEY);
http.begin(url);
int httpCode = http.GET();
if (httpCode == HTTP_CODE_OK) {
String payload = http.getString();
DynamicJsonDocument doc(1024); // Adjust size as needed
deserializeJson(doc, payload);
if (doc["articles"].size() > 0) {
String title = doc["articles"][0]["title"].as<String>();
// Truncate news headline to fit LCD 16x2
if (title.length() > 16) {
newsHeadline = title.substring(0, 15) + "...";
} else {
newsHeadline = title;
}
} else {
newsHeadline = "No News Available";
}
Serial.println("News: " + newsHeadline);
} else {
newsHeadline = "News Error!";
Serial.println("News Error: " + http.errorToString(httpCode));
}
http.end();
} else {
newsHeadline = "No WiFi for News";
}
}
/**
* @brief Displays the current time, weather, and news on the LCD 16x2.
* It cycles through different information on the two lines.
*/
void displayOnLCD() {
static int displayMode = 0; // 0: Time/Date, 1: Weather, 2: News
static unsigned long lastDisplayChange = 0;
const unsigned long displayChangeInterval = 5000; // Change display
every 5 seconds
if (millis() - lastDisplayChange > displayChangeInterval) {
lastDisplayChange = millis();
displayMode = (displayMode + 1) % 3; // Cycle through modes
}
lcd.clear();
switch (displayMode) {
case 0: // Time and Date
lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print(currentTime);
lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print(currentDate);
break;
case 1: // Weather
lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("Weather:");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print(weatherInfo.substring(0, 16)); //
Ensure it fits
break;
case 2: // News
lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("News:");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print(newsHeadline); // Already
truncated
break;
}
}
Components:
ESP32 Development Board
LCD 16x2 Display
Breadboard (recommended for easy wiring)
Jumper Wires
10kΩ Potentiometer (for LCD contrast, highly recommended)
220Ω Resistor (for LCD backlight, recommended)
Connection Details:
1. ESP32 Board: * This is your main microcontroller. Power it via its USB port or a suitable
3.3V/5V power supply.
2. LCD 16x2 Display (Standard Parallel Interface): * VSS (Ground): Connect to ESP32
GND. * VDD (Power): Connect to ESP32 5V (or 3.3V, depending on your specific LCD
module's operating voltage. Check your LCD datasheet). * Vo (Contrast): Connect to the
middle pin of a 10kΩ potentiometer. * One outer pin of the potentiometer goes to 5V (or
3.3V). * The other outer pin of the potentiometer goes to GND. * Adjusting this
potentiometer will change the clarity of the characters on the LCD. * RS (Register Select):
Connect to ESP32 GPIO 16. * RW (Read/Write): Connect to GND (we are only writing
data to the LCD). * Enable: Connect to ESP32 GPIO 17. * D0-D3: Leave these pins
unconnected (the code uses 4-bit mode for data transfer, which only requires D4-D7). * D4
(Data 4): Connect to ESP32 GPIO 5. * D5 (Data 5): Connect to ESP32 GPIO 18. * D6
(Data 6): Connect to ESP32 GPIO 19. * D7 (Data 7): Connect to ESP32 GPIO 23. * A
(Backlight Anode): Connect to 5V (or 3.3V) through a 220Ω resistor. This resistor limits
the current to the backlight LED. * K (Backlight Cathode): Connect to GND.
3. Wi-Fi Module: * The Wi-Fi module is built directly into the ESP32 chip. You do not
need to wire a separate Wi-Fi module. The ESP32 handles all Wi-Fi communication
internally.
Summary of Pin Connections from ESP32 to LCD:
GPIO 16 -> LCD RS
GPIO 17 -> LCD Enable
GPIO 5 -> LCD D4
GPIO 18 -> LCD D5
GPIO 19 -> LCD D6
GPIO 23 -> LCD D7
GND -> LCD VSS, LCD RW, LCD K (and one side of potentiometer)
5V (or 3.3V) -> LCD VDD, LCD A (via 220Ω resistor), and other side of
potentiometer
Before powering on:
Double-check all your connections to ensure they match this description. Incorrect
wiring can damage components.
Make sure you have replaced the placeholder Wi-Fi credentials and API keys in
the Arduino code.
Ensure all necessary libraries (HTTPClient, ArduinoJson, NTPClient,
LiquidCrystal) are correctly installed in your Arduino IDE.
