A.

Tc-99m sestamibi
B. Tc-99m DTPA
Nuclear Medicine – Practice Exam (1– C. Tc-99m pertechnetate
50) D. Tc-99m MAA

9. The acronym SPECT stands for:

1. Which radionuclide is most commonly used in
A. Single Photon Emission Computed
diagnostic nuclear medicine imaging?
Tomography
A. Iodine-131
B. Special Photon Emission Contrast Tomography
B. Technetium-99m
C. Standard Positron Emission CT
C. Xenon-133
D. Selective Photon Energy CT
D. Thallium-201
10. Which of the following is used in PET
2. The physical half-life of Tc-99m is
imaging?
approximately:
A. Tc-99m
A. 2 hours
B. I-123
B. 6 hours
C. F-18
C. 12 hours
D. Xe-133
D. 24 hours
11. The physical half-life of Iodine-131 is:
3. The process by which a radionuclide transforms
A. 6 hours
to a more stable state by emitting radiation is
B. 2 days
called:
C. 8 days
A. Fusion
D. 14 days
B. Decay
C. Ionization
12. Tc-99m MAA is commonly used for imaging
D. Excitation
which organ system?
A. Thyroid
4. The unit used to measure the activity of a
B. Lungs
radioactive substance is:
C. Liver
A. Gray
D. Brain
B. Becquerel
C. Sievert
13. A thyroid uptake study is most commonly
D. Roentgen
performed using:
A. I-131
5. A radiopharmaceutical consists of two
B. Tc-99m sestamibi
components:
C. Tc-99m pertechnetate
A. Isotope and solvent
D. Tl-201
B. Radionuclide and carrier molecule
C. Antibody and antigen
14. What is the primary function of a dose
D. Photon and neutron
calibrator?
A. Determine patient dose activity
6. The gamma camera primarily detects:
B. Detect gamma photons
A. Alpha particles
C. Cool radioactive materials
B. Beta particles
D. Filter radiopharmaceuticals
C. Gamma photons
D. Neutrons
15. Radiopharmaceuticals should be stored in
containers made of:
7. The collimator in a gamma camera functions to:
A. Lead
A. Absorb scattered photons
B. Plastic
B. Produce gamma rays
C. Glass
C. Increase half-life
D. Steel
D. Measure activity
16. Which of the following isotopes is used in
8. Which of the following is a myocardial
brain perfusion imaging?
perfusion imaging agent?
A. Tc-99m HMPAO A. Thyroid
B. Tc-99m DTPA B. Liver and spleen
C. I-123 C. Kidneys
D. Xe-133 D. Lungs

17. A PET scan detects: 25. The annihilation reaction in PET produces:
A. Gamma photons A. One photon at 511 keV
B. Alpha particles B. Two photons at 511 keV in opposite directions
C. Annihilation photons C. Two photons at 140 keV
D. Beta particles D. Three photons at 511 keV

18. Which of the following is NOT a common 26. Which is a common radiotracer for renal
PET radionuclide? imaging?
A. F-18 A. Tc-99m MDP
B. C-11 B. Tc-99m MAG3
C. N-13 C. Tc-99m sestamibi
D. Tc-99m D. I-131

19. In nuclear medicine, "effective half-life" refers 27. Patient preparation for a thyroid scan includes:
to: A. Withholding iodine-containing medications
A. The physical half-life only B. Increasing water intake
B. The biological half-life only C. Avoiding fasting
C. Combination of physical and biological half- D. Taking thyroid supplements
lives
D. The imaging half-time 28. Gallium-67 is most often used to detect:
A. Bone lesions
20. The most common radiation safety device B. Infection and tumors
used by technologists is: C. Pulmonary embolism
A. Film badge D. Cardiac perfusion
B. Lead glass
C. Pocket dosimeter 29. The unit commonly used to express radiation
D. TLD dose to patients is:
A. Becquerel
21. PET scanners most commonly operate at an B. Gray
energy of: C. Sievert
A. 140 keV D. Curie
B. 511 keV
C. 200 keV 30. The process of tagging a radionuclide to a
D. 1 MeV pharmaceutical is called:
A. Binding
22. Bone scans are typically performed with: B. Labeling
A. Tc-99m MDP C. Complexing
B. I-131 D. Coupling
C. Tc-99m MAA
D. Tl-201 31. Which of the following isotopes emits both
beta and gamma radiation?
23. The gamma camera’s crystal is typically made A. Tc-99m
of: B. I-131
A. Sodium Iodide (NaI) C. Xe-133
B. Lead oxide D. F-18
C. Cesium chloride
D. Silicon carbide 32. A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is
commonly performed for suspected:
24. Which organ is imaged with Tc-99m sulfur A. Myocardial infarction
colloid? B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Liver cirrhosis C. Tc-99m sestamibi
D. Brain tumor D. I-123 uptake

33. The PET radionuclide fluorine-18 is most 41. The gamma camera component that converts
often used in the form of: light to electrical signal is:
A. FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose) A. Collimator
B. F-18 water B. PMT (photomultiplier tube)
C. F-18 chloride C. Crystal
D. F-18 ammonia D. Lead shielding

34. Radiopharmaceutical sterility is maintained 42. Which is a contraindication for PET/CT

by: imaging?
A. Using autoclaves A. Pregnancy
B. Aseptic technique B. Diabetes
C. Dry heat C. High blood pressure
D. Freezing D. Age > 60

35. The thyroid blocking agent used in nuclear 43. The main advantage of PET over SPECT is:
medicine emergencies is: A. Lower resolution
A. Potassium iodide B. Higher sensitivity and quantitative capability
B. Sodium chloride C. Uses less expensive isotopes
C. Calcium carbonate D. Requires no CT correlation
D. Iron sulfate
44. Which isotope is commonly used for sentinel
36. The biological half-life refers to: lymph node mapping?
A. Time required for physical decay A. Tc-99m sulfur colloid
B. Time required for body to eliminate half of a B. Tc-99m MAA
substance C. Tc-99m pertechnetate
C. Time needed for isotope to stabilize D. I-131
D. Time for gamma emission to stop
45. Which of the following is NOT a property of
37. The collimator hole size affects: an ideal radiopharmaceutical?
A. Resolution and sensitivity A. Rapid localization
B. Half-life B. High radiation dose to patient
C. Patient positioning C. Stability
D. Photon emission D. Rapid clearance

38. The typical patient positioning for a 46. PET/CT is commonly used in oncology
myocardial perfusion study is: because it:
A. Supine A. Detects metabolic activity of tumors
B. Upright B. Shows only bone lesions
C. Decubitus C. Replaces MRI
D. Prone D. Avoids radiation exposure

39. The organ at greatest risk during I-131 therapy 47. Which of the following isotopes is used in red
is: blood cell labeling?
A. Kidney A. Tc-99m
B. Liver B. I-123
C. Thyroid C. Ga-67
D. Spleen D. F-18

40. Which nuclear medicine test evaluates gastric 48. Radionuclide ventriculography is commonly
emptying? used to evaluate:
A. Tc-99m MAA scan A. Lung perfusion
B. Tc-99m sulfur colloid study B. Cardiac ejection fraction
C. Kidney function B. Tc-99m MDP
D. Brain perfusion C. Tc-99m HMPAO
D. Tc-99m MAG3
49. Which agent is commonly used for 58. Which nuclear medicine study is used to
hepatobiliary imaging? evaluate myocardial perfusion?
A. Tc-99m HIDA A. Tc-99m MDP bone scan
B. Tc-99m MDP B. Tc-99m Sestamibi scan
C. Tc-99m pertechnetate C. Tc-99m MAG3 renal scan
D. I-131 D. Ga-67 whole-body scan
59. The primary emission of PET
50. The unit “Curie” represents: radionuclides is:
A. Number of disintegrations per second A. Beta minus
B. Radiation dose absorbed in tissue B. Beta plus (positron)
C. Photon energy absorbed C. Gamma ray
D. Photon emission rate only D. Alpha particle
60. The detector material in most gamma
51. The most commonly used radionuclide in cameras is:
PET imaging is: A. Sodium iodide (NaI) doped with
A. Carbon-11 thallium
B. Fluorine-18 B. Cesium iodide
C. Gallium-67 C. Bismuth germanate
D. Thallium-201 D. Silicon
52. What is the half-life of Technetium-99m? 61. Which radiopharmaceutical is used for
A. 2 hours thyroid imaging?
B. 4 hours A. Tc-99m DTPA
C. 6 hours B. Tc-99m Pertechnetate
D. 12 hours C. Tc-99m MAG3
53. In SPECT imaging, the camera system D. Tc-99m Sestamibi
rotates around the patient to provide: 62. What is the purpose of a collimator in a
A. 2D planar images gamma camera?
B. 3D tomographic images A. To amplify signals
C. Subtraction angiography B. To select direction of incoming photons
D. Dynamic perfusion C. To increase resolution by filtering noise
54. Which collimator is best suited for I-131 D. To produce light flashes
whole-body imaging? 63. Which nuclear medicine procedure
A. Pinhole evaluates renal function and drainage?
B. Low-energy A. Tc-99m MDP bone scan
C. Medium-energy B. Tc-99m MAG3 renogram
D. High-energy C. Tc-99m Sestamibi scan
55. The biological effect of ionizing radiation D. I-131 whole-body scan
in nuclear medicine is measured in: 64. The principle of PET imaging is based on:
A. Gray (Gy) A. Gamma ray transmission
B. Sievert (Sv) B. Coincidence detection of annihilation
C. Becquerel (Bq) photons
D. Coulomb/kg C. Attenuation correction using
56. What does “effective half-life” represent? collimators
A. Time for radioactivity to decay D. Scintillation decay
physically 65. Which organ is best evaluated with
B. Time for biological elimination only Gallium-67?
C. Combination of physical and biological A. Brain
half-life B. Heart
D. Radiation dose absorbed C. Lymph nodes
57. A common radiopharmaceutical used for D. Kidneys
bone scans is: 66. The energy of Tc-99m gamma photons is
A. Tc-99m MAA approximately:
 A. 80 keV C. Thyroid
B. 140 keV D. Lung
C. 364 keV 76. In nuclear cardiology, gated SPECT
D. 511 keV imaging evaluates:
67. What is the unit of radioactivity in the SI A. Liver perfusion
system? B. Lung ventilation
A. Curie (Ci) C. Left ventricular function
B. Gray (Gy) D. Renal drainage
C. Becquerel (Bq) 77. Which organ normally shows the highest
D. Rad uptake in FDG PET imaging?
68. Which PET tracer is commonly used for A. Lungs
glucose metabolism imaging? B. Brain
A. C-11 choline C. Kidneys
B. F-18 FDG D. Pancreas
C. Ga-68 DOTATATE 78. What is the advantage of PET/CT over
D. Tc-99m MAG3 standalone PET?
69. Which nuclear medicine scan evaluates A. Higher tracer specificity
pulmonary embolism? B. Better anatomical localization
A. Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan C. Lower radiation dose
B. Bone scan D. Shorter half-life
C. Thyroid uptake 79. The radiation dose to the patient in nuclear
D. PET brain scan medicine depends on:
70. The thyroid uptake test measures: A. Detector efficiency
A. Cardiac output B. Administered activity
B. Hormonal excretion C. Collimator type
C. Iodine trapping function D. Patient height
D. Renal clearance 80. Which nuclear medicine scan evaluates
71. In PET/CT, the CT component is primarily hepatobiliary function?
used for: A. Tc-99m HIDA scan
A. Image fusion and attenuation correction B. Tc-99m DMSA scan
B. Contrast enhancement C. Tc-99m Sestamibi scan
C. PET tracer injection D. Tc-99m MDP scan
D. Radiation therapy planning 81. The biological half-life of a
72. A technologist should wear a personal radiopharmaceutical depends on:
dosimeter at: A. Physical decay only
A. The foot B. Elimination from the body
B. The hand C. Photon energy
C. The chest or collar level D. Detector type
D. The back 82. A typical dose of Tc-99m for bone
73. Which shielding material is most effective scanning is around:
for gamma radiation? A. 1–3 MBq
A. Lead B. 300–800 MBq
B. Plastic C. 1000–2000 MBq
C. Aluminum D. 10 MBq
D. Paper 83. The annihilation photons in PET have an
74. I-131 is commonly used for: energy of:
A. Liver imaging A. 140 keV
B. Thyroid therapy B. 364 keV
C. Bone imaging C. 511 keV
D. Cardiac imaging D. 1 MeV
75. A pinhole collimator is best used for 84. The thyroid scan differentiates between:
imaging the: A. Hypo- and hyperfunctioning nodules
A. Heart B. Normal and abnormal bone growth
B. Brain C. Myocardial ischemia
D. Pulmonary ventilation defects
85. Which quality control test evaluates C. Ga-68
uniformity in gamma cameras? D. I-123
A. Energy peaking 95. Radiation safety for technologists
B. Flood field test includes:
C. Collimator sensitivity A. Using syringe shields
D. Linearity B. Wearing lead aprons for all studies
86. PET/CT is most commonly indicated for: C. Avoiding personal dosimeters
A. Oncology staging D. Eliminating all patient contact
B. Orthopedic injuries 96. A whole-body bone scan typically requires
C. Cardiac bypass planning imaging at:
D. Skin lesion mapping A. 5–10 minutes post-injection
87. The mode of decay of Iodine-131 is B. 2–4 hours post-injection
primarily: C. 24 hours post-injection
A. Beta minus D. Immediately post-injection
B. Beta plus 97. What is the standard energy window for
C. Alpha Tc-99m imaging?
D. Neutron emission A. 10% at 80 keV
88. Which radiopharmaceutical is used for B. 15–20% at 140 keV
cerebral perfusion imaging? C. 30% at 364 keV
A. Tc-99m MDP D. 25% at 511 keV
B. Tc-99m HMPAO 98. A cold nodule in thyroid scintigraphy
C. Tc-99m MAG3 suggests:
D. Ga-67 citrate A. Hyperfunctioning tissue
89. A hot spot in bone scintigraphy indicates: B. Non-functioning tissue
A. Increased osteoblastic activity C. Iodine over-concentration
B. Reduced blood flow D. Parathyroid enlargement
C. Soft tissue calcification 99. Which nuclear medicine imaging is used
D. Necrosis for infection localization?
90. Which tracer is used for sentinel lymph A. Tc-99m sulfur colloid scan
node imaging? B. Ga-67 scan
A. Tc-99m sulfur colloid C. Tc-99m HMPAO brain scan
B. Tc-99m MDP D. PET myocardial perfusion
C. Tc-99m MAG3 100. The principle of gamma camera
D. Tc-99m DTPA operation is based on:
91. The gamma emission of Ga-67 has A. Ionization chambers
energies at: B. Scintillation and photomultiplier
A. 80 keV detection
B. 93, 184, 300 keV C. Solid-state semiconductor arrays
C. 364 keV D. Beta-particle deflection
D. 511 keV
92. The physical half-life of Fluorine-18 is:
A. 20 minutes
B. 50 minutes
C. 110 minutes
D. 6 hours
93. Tc-99m DTPA is primarily used for:
A. Renal filtration studies
B. Bone scans
C. Thyroid imaging
D. Brain perfusion
94. Which PET isotope has the shortest half-
life?
A. F-18
B. C-11