PHYSICAL EDUCATION & SPORTS FOR CWSN (children with special needs-DIVYANG) NOTES: #1, CONCEPT OF Disability and Disorder: There is no one on this planet who does not want to be physically fit, mentally alert, socially well-adjusted and emotionally balanced. Every individual wants to remain healthy and attain harmonious development. Generally, it is seen that these two words, disability and disorder are used interchangeably. 1.1 Meaning of Disability: Disability is an impairment that may be cognitive, development, intellectual, mental, physical, etc. it affects everyday activities of the individual to a considerable amount. “Disability is the reduction of functional ability to lead dally fruitful life” According to world health organization (WHO): “A disability is a restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being”. 1.2 Meaning of Disorder: Disorder is usually used for mental disabilities. Disorder is any ailment that disturbs the health of an individual. Most probably, disorders create hindrance in an individual performance and reduce his efficiency. 2. Types of Disability, Their Causes and Nature (Intellectual & Physical Disability) 2.1 Types of Disability: Disability occurs to individuals in many ways and with varied severity. Some individuals are disabled right at birth while other individual get disabled owing to some events during the course of their lives. Mainly, there are three types of disability such as: a) Cognitive disability: - 1. Memory disorder, 2. Hyperactivity, 3. Dyslexia. b) Intellectual disability: Intellectual disability is a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning (reasoning, learning, problem solving) and in adaptive behavior, which covers a range of everyday social and practical skills, indeed, this disability is related to the individual thought processes, communication, money, learning, problem solving and judgement. ¢) Physical disability: A physical disability is a limitation on am individual physical functioning, mobility, dexterity or stamina. Other impairments such as respiratory disorders, blindness, epilepsy and sleep disorders, which limit other factors of daily life are also included in physical disability. Physical disability may either be motor deficiency or a sensory impairment. Scanned with CamScanner2.2 Causes of disability: There are various causes of disability that are started below: a) Accidents: Nowadays, life is so fast that accidents may occurs anywhere, anytime and to anyone. These accidents may happen at workplace, on the roads or in the air. These accidents may lead to disability. b) Malnutrition: Malnutrition is another significant cause of disability, especially in our country. Ifa child does not get appropriate nutrition, he may be physically weal. Even deficiency of calcium leads to malformation of bones. ¢) Mental Health Problems: Mental Health Problems such as depression, bipolar disorder, etc., may lead to disability. As a matter of fact, the causes of mental health problems are very difficult to diagnose. They tend to be some of the most misunderstood disability 4) Nuclear Accidents/Wars: Many persons have suffered after being exposed to radiation because of accidents in nuclear power plants in USA and Ukraine in 1979 and 1986, and it is usually seen un wars that the most of the civilians are killed or disabled along with the soldiers. Bomb explosions cause people to become deaf, dumb and lose their limbs. 3. Aim and Objectives of Adaptive Physical Education 3.1 Aim of Adaptive Physical Education: The aim of adapted or adaptive physical education is to help or aid differently abled students to achieve physical, mental, emotional and social growth proportionate to their potential through special, planned programmed of regular physical education and recreational activities. 3.2 Objectives of Adaptive Physical Education: a) Develop Motor skills: Another significant objective of adaptive physical education is to develop motor skills of students with disability. Motor skills are essential for performing not only specific tasks but daily routine activities also, these skills enable physically disabled students to become active and agile. b) Enhance self-esteem and self-image: To enhance self-esteem and self-image of students who are differently abled in another important objective of adaptive physical education. In fact, all students can do activity according to their ability. ¢) Improve Physical Fitness: To improve physical fitness of different abled students in another vital objective of adapted or adaptive physical education. In fact, modified or adaptive exercise are motivated in the programmed of adapted physical education to. improve physical fitness. 4) Promote Sportsmanship Qualities: The next important objective of adapted physical education is promoted sportsmanship qualities among differently abled students is also one of the major objects, Participated in adaptive physical education programmes naturally improve sportsman qualities. 4. Role of various Professionals for children with special needs (COUNSELLOR, OCCUPATIONAL THERAPIST, PHYSIOTHERAPIST, PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHER, SPEECH THEREPIST AND SPECIAL EDUCATORS) Scanned with CamScannerSchool Counsellor: School counsellor is the specialist who work with students with special needs in schools. A school counsellor is a member of the education team who. provides valuable assistance to students with special needs. He also helps them with their academic goals, their social, personal and career development. He assists teaching staff with strategies on how to support such students in distress. He also carries out development program related to stress management, anger management, conflict management and positive thinking. Occupational Therapist: An occupational therapist helps children with special needs in performing self-care skills like eating, dressing, bathing and grooming, that is activities related to fine motor skills. He also helps children in participating and interacting with others in play. He helps children in adapting to regular school. He may suggest aids for writing and other classroom activities to help them to participated equally with other children. Physiotherapist: A physiotherapist is concerned with the gross motor skills and mobility of the children with special needs. The role of physiotherapist is to assess and manage children and young persons with movements disorders, disability. The aim of physiotherapist is to helps the CWSN to their full potential through providing physical intervention, advice and support. Physical Education Teacher: PET needs to determine the ability of students with special needs. They also need to determine measures to be implement to support their participated in sports and fitness. PET helps students with special needs to improve their physical fitness. They help in improving hand-eye coordination, flexibility, muscular strength, endurance and even cardiovascular efficiency. Speech Therapist: A speech therapist in school provides treatment, support and care for students with special needs who have difficulties in communication. Speech therapists helps students to gain ability to communicate through speech and language. . Special Educator: A special educator or education teacher often has students with varying learning, mental, physical and emotional abilities. They may assist students with special needs in the areas of physical skills. Indeed, special educator main responsibility is to assess their student cognitive ability. They also create and apply curricula and activities to meet the requirements of students with special needs Scanned with CamScanner