Test
Maths
Class 10
Time 3 h
transfer of heat and ktg, thermodynamics
Q 1 a) A copper block of mass 2.5 kg is heated in a furnace to a
temperature of 500 °C and then placed on a large ice block. What is the
maximum amount of ice that can melt? (Specific heat of copper = 0.39 J
; heat of fusion of water = 335 J ).
We know
heat loss =heat gain
maximum heat loss by copper block =mSdT
=2500g x 0.39jg-1k-1 x (500-0) k
=487,500 j
now
487500 j=M L
where M is the mass of ice melted and L is latent heat of fusion .
487500 j =M x 335jg-1
M=1455.22 g =1.45522 kg
So option is 1.5kg
b) At what temperature is the root mean square speed of an atom in an
argon gas cylinder equal to the r.m.s speed of a helium gas atom at-
200C? Given Atomic Mass of Ar = 39.9 and
of He = 4.0?
Ans.Suppose, Vr.m.s. and V1r.m.s. are the root mean square speeds of
Argon and helium atoms at temperature T and T1 respectively.
R = Universal Gas constant
T = Temperature
M = Atomic Mass of Gas
Now, Vr.m.s. =
Now, M = Mass of Argon = 39.9
M1 = Mass of Helium = 4.0
T1 = Temperature of helium = -200C
T1 = 273 + (-20) = 253 K.
T = Temperature of Argon = ?
Since Vr.m.s. =
Squaring both side,
Putting the values of
c) Derive Newton’s Law of Cooling.
Q2 a) State law of equipartition of energy.
Ans. It states that in equilibrium, the total energy of the system is divided equally in
all possible energy modes with each mode i.e. degree of freedom having an average
energy equal to 12 kBT.
b) At very low pressure and high temperature, the real gas behaves like ideal gas. Why?
c) Discuss Wien’s Displacement Law.
Q3a) What is the temperature of the steel-copper junction in the steady state of the system
shown in fig. below. Length of the steel rod = 15.0 cm, length of the copper rod = 10.0 cm,
temperature of the furnace = 300 °C, temperature of the other end = 0 °C. The area of cross
section of the steel rod is twice that of the copper rod. (Thermal conductivity of steel
= 50.2 J s–1 m–1K–1; and of copper = 385 J s–1m–1K–1).
The insulating material around the
rods reduces heat loss from the sides of the rods.
Therefore, heat flows only along the length of
the rods. Consider any cross section of the rod.
In the steady state, heat flowing into the element
must equal the heat flowing out of it; otherwise
there would be a net gain or loss of heat by the
element and its temperature would not be
steady. Thus in the steady state, rate of heat
flowing across a cross section of the rod is the
same at every point along the length of the
combined steel-copper rod. Let T be the
temperature of the steel-copper junction in the
steady state. Then,
1 1 2 2
12
K A 300 T K A T – 0
=
LL
−
where 1 and 2 refer to the steel and copper rod
respectively. For A1 = 2 A2, L1 = 15.0 cm,
L2 = 10.0 cm, K1 = 50.2 J s–1 m–1 K –1, K2 = 385 J
s–1 m–1 K –1, we have
50.2 2 300 385
15 10
TT
=
−
which gives T = 44.4 °C t
b) Calculate the degree of freedom for monatomic, diatomic and triatomic gas?
Ans .The degrees of freedom of the system is given by:- f = 3 N – K
Where, f = degrees of freedom
N = Number of Particles in the system.
K = Independent relation among the particles.
1) For a monatomic gas; N = 1 and K = 0
f=3X1–0=3
2) For a diatomic gas ; N = 2 and K = m1
f=3X2–1=5
3) For a triatomic gas; N = 3 and K = 3
f=3X3–3
f=6
c) A bar o copper of length 75cm and a bar of length 125cm are joined end to end. Both
are of circular cross - section with diameters 2cm. The free ends of copper and steel are
maintained at 1000Cand 00C respectively. The surfaces of the bars are thermally
insulated. What is the temperature of copper - steel junction? Thermal conductivity of
copper =9.2×10−2 k Cal /m/ 0C s and that of steel is 1.1×10−2 k Cal /m/ 0C s?
Solution
The correct option is D 93∘C
Let T be the temperature of the junction.
Length, l1=75 cm=0.75 m and l2=125 cm=1.25 m
In steady state, rate of heat flow will be same in both copper and
steel to maintain the constant temperature (with time).
The rate of heat flow is given by,
ΔQΔt=KAΔTl
⇒KCuA(100−T)0.75=KsteelA(T−0)1.25
⇒386(100−T)0.75=46 T1.25
⇒48250−482.5 T=34.5 T
⇒T≃93∘C
Hence, option (D) is correct.
Alternate solution:
Temperature at the junction,
T=KcuTcu endlcu+KsteelTsteel endlsteelKculcu+Ksteellsteel
=286×10075+46×012528675+46125≈93.11∘C
Why this question?
Concept: In steady state, heat incoming is equal to heat outgoing.
Q4 (a) If a body is heated from 270C to 9270C then what will be the ratio of
energies of radiation emitted?
Ans: Since, By Stefan's law:
E= Energy radiated
E1,T1⇒ Initial energy and temperature
T = Temperature.
E2,T2⇒ Final energy and temperature.
T1=270C=27+273=300K
T2=9270C=927+273K=1200K.
E= constant T4
So, E1= constant T14
E1T41=Constant …….(1)
Also, E2T42=constant ……(2)
Equating equation (1) & (2)
E1T41=E2E42
or E1E2= ( )
T 1T 2 4
E 1E 2= ()
14 4
E1E2=1256
or E1:E2=1:256
(b) When constructing thermometers, why is mercury used?
c) Air pressure in a car tyre increases during driving? Why?
Charles law states that the volume of an ideal gas is directly proportional
to the absolute temperature at constant pressure.
Frictional force acts between the tyres of the car and the road. During
driving, the work is done against the frictional force which is converted
into heat.
Therefore, the temperature increases while the volume of the tyre
remains constant. Now as per the Charles law, Pα T hence, pressure of gas
in the tyre increases.
Charles’s law, pressure α Temperature, ∴ As temperature increases, Pressure inside the tyres
Ans.During driving, the temperature of air inside the tyre increases due to motion. Acc. to
also increases
d) Why is Cp for a gas bigger than Cv?
