GONZAGA JESUIT COLLEGE
FIRST TERM LESSON NOTE
2024/2025 ACADEMIC SESSION
BASIC TECHNOLOGY
JSS3
WEEK ONE
TOPIC: ISOMETRIC DRAWING
OBJECTIVES: by the end of the lesson, students should be able to
1) Define isometric drawing
2) State the angle upon which isometric drawing depends
3) State isometric axes
ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
ISOMETRIC projection is a method of producing a pictorial view of an object, that is, a view
which shows three faces of the object simultaneously. In it, receding lines are inclined at
angle 30°.
The following blocks are drawn in isometric view:
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Reproduce the objects below in an isometric view using the given dimensions.
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WEEK TWO AND THREE
TOPIC: ISOMETRIC DRAWING
OBJECTIVES: by the end of the lesson, students should be able to make an isometric
drawing of a given block.
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WEEK FOUR
TOPIC: OBLIQUE DRAWING
OBJECTIVES: by the end of the lesson, students should be able to
1) Define oblique drawing
2) State the types of Oblique drawing
3) Draw the oblique view of simple blocks.
Oblique is another type of pictorial drawing that presents an object in three dimensions.
Instead of angle 30° as in isometric, it is based on angle 45° and 90°.
Types
There are two types of oblique drawing. They are (1) cabinet and (2) cavalier.
In cabinet oblique drawing, the receding lines are drawn to the half of their real size and can
be inclined at 45° or any other angle.
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In cavalier the receding lines are drawn at angle 45° and in full length. In either of the type,
the front elevation is always drawn with angle 90°.
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Convert the following isometric drawing into oblique drawing.
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WEEK FIVE
TOPIC: ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
OBJECTIVES: by the end of the lesson, students should be able to
(i) Define and explain orthographic drawing
(ii) Identify and explain the principal planes of drawing.
(iii) State and explain types of orthographic projection.
Orthographic drawing is a method of drawing an object from different views. A pictorial
drawing is always three dimensional, presenting three different views. Orthographic drawing
will present these three views separately thereby giving more details of the object. In
orthographic drawing, the drawer will face each plane separately, looking at them directly at
angle 90° (orthogonal). The three views are front elevation, side (end) elevation and the plan.
The face plane facing the drawer is the front elevation, the right or left side is the end
elevation while the top is the plan. Each of these views is drawn in a quadrant of a circle.
There are two ways this can be done. We may choose to draw the front elevation first or the
plan first. If we draw the front elevation first, we place it on the first quadrant, and this is
called first (1st) angle projection. On the other hand, if we choose to draw the plan first, we
place the plan on the first quadrant and the front elevation will be in third quadrant. This is
called third angle projection. Hence, there are two types of orthographic projection – first
angle projection and third angle projection.
Orthographic views allow us to represent a 3D object in 2D on a drawing. Orthographic
views can show us an object viewed from each direction giving more detail of the object.
This is why it is also called working drawing. We need the orthographic drawing of any
engineering (object) project to be fabricated.
Principal planes/Principal Views
There are two main principal planes – they are vertical plane and horizontal plane. There are
also two main principal views – the front elevation and the plan.
Orthographic Projection: First angle
Learning outcome:
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I can recognise the direction of viewing used to derive the various views in first angle
projection
I can project the elevations of a simple solid in first angle projection
By the end of the lesson I will be able to:
Draw a front elevation
Draw an end elevation
Draw a plan
Draw the first angle symbol
Before studying this lesson I need to make sure that I know how to:
Draw construction lines
Label neatly in block letters
Apply different line weights to construction lines and bold lines
Orthographic Projection
The orthographic projection is a way of drawing an object as seen from three different
directions. To demonstrate this, we will use the simple object shown below, a video of which
can be viewed at:
The three directions from which the object is to be drawn are shown below. They are
called Front Elevation, End Elevation and Plan. This helps us distinguish between one
view and the other.
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In this other video the same object is shown with its surfaces colour coded. The surfaces that
can be seen from the front elevation are coded in green, the ones seen from the end
elevation are coded in blue and the ones seen from the plan view are coded in red.
When drawn in orthographic projection, this object is drawn as shown below.
Note that the views are neatly labelled so that we know what we are looking at. Also note
that they are drawn aligned to each other. This is shown by the faint lines projected from
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one view to the other. The positioningof the views is also important. An easy way to know
where you should place a view is by looking at its arrow in the three dimensional view of the
object.
For example, the arrow of the front elevation is pointing to the top left hand corner of the
paper.
FRONT ELEVATION
This means that the front elevation should be drawn at the top left hand side of the paper. In
the same way, since the arrow of the end elevation is pointing to the top right hand corner, the
end elevation is to be drawn in the top right hand corner. The arrow for the plan is pointing
directly downwards, but in the case of the plan, we do not draw it in the bottom centre area of
the paper. Instead we draw the plan aligned to the front elevation.
The first angle symbol and its dimensions are given below.
WEEK SIX
TOPIC: ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
OBJECTIVES: by the end of the lesson, students should be able to draw objects in third
(3rd) Angle projection.
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Third Angle projection originated from USA and it is the accepted standard in USA and
Canada. It has gained popularity in other parts of the world and now either First Angle or
Third Angle projection is accepted in engineering design worldwide. In Third angle
projection, the plan is the principal view and is placed on the first quadrant with the front
elevation under it, and the side elevation on the side of the front elevation. The side elevation
that is drawn in 3rd angle projection is always the right hand side.
Orthographic Projection: Third Angle
Learning outcome:
I can recognise the direction of viewing used to derive the various views in third angle
projection
I can project the elevations of a simple solid in third angle projection
By the end of the lesson I will be able to:
Draw a front elevation
Draw an end elevation
Draw a plan
Draw the third angle symbol
Before studying this lesson I need to make sure that I know how to:
Draw construction lines
Label neatly in block letters
Apply different line weights to construction lines and bold lines
Orthographic Projection
The orthographic projection is a way of drawing an object as seen from three different
directions. To demonstrate this, we will use the simple object shown below, a video of which
can be viewed at:
The three directions from which the object is to be drawn are shown below. They are
called Front Elevation, End Elevation and Plan. This helps us distinguish between one
view and the other.
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In this other video the same object is shown with its surfaces colour coded. The surfaces that
can be seen from the front elevation are coded in green, the ones seen from the end
elevation are coded in blue and the ones seen from the plan view are coded in red.
When drawn in orthographic projection, this object is drawn as shown below.
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Note that the views are neatly labelled so that we know what we are looking at. Also note
that they are drawn aligned to each other. This is shown by the faint lines projected from
one view to the other. The positioning of the views is also important. An easy way to know
where you should place a view is by looking at its arrow in the three dimensional view of the
object.
For example, the arrow of the front elevation is pointing to the top left hand corner of the
paper.
This means that the front elevation should be drawn at the bottom left hand side of the paper.
In the same way, since the arrow of the end elevation is in the bottom right hand corner, the
end elevation is to be drawn in the bottom right hand corner. The arrow for the plan is at the
top, but in the case of the plan, we do not just draw it in the top centre area of the paper.
Instead we draw the plan aligned to the front elevation.
The third angle symbol and its dimensions are given below.
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S/N FIRST ANGLE THIRD ANGLE
1 Front elevation always drawn in the vertical Plan always drawn in the vertical plane
plane
2 Left side view always drawn by the right Right hand view always drawn on the
hand side of the front elevation right side of the front elevation
3 British in origin American in origin
4 Front elevation is the principal view Plan is the principal view
5 The object is assumed to be in the first Object is assumed to be in the third
quadrant quadrant.
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Example
Draw the Isometric objects below in a third angle Projection using the right hand sides as the
front elevation.
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WEEK SEVEN AND EIGHT
TOPIC: SIMPLE BLUE PRINT OF A BUILDING
OBJECTIVES: by the end of the lesson, students should be able to
1. Interpret a simple blue print of a building
2. Sketch a simple blue print of a building
A building blue print is a plan of a building. It is the view of the building as seen when
the roof is removed and one views it from above. It is needed for a building to be properly
constructed
Develop the sketch below into a simple building plan.
Living Room: 4200 x 5400
Bed Room: 3600 x3600
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Double Door: 210 x 1800
Windows 1500 x1500
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