By a group of Experts

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 ‫‪Unit 1‬‬ ‫‪A feast‬‬ ‫‪for the‬‬ ‫‪senses‬‬
‫‪Jump‬‬ ‫‪for joy‬‬

‫‪sense‬‬ ‫حاسة‬ ‫على حنو مُماثل‬

‫عيد‬ ‫مزُخرف‬
‫معجنات ‪ -‬فطرية‬ ‫الفُخار‬
‫تسلسل هرمي‬ ‫نتائج‬
‫باحث‬ ‫يُثبت‬
‫دراسة‬ ‫هام‬
‫يكشف ‪ -‬يظهر‬ ‫(نطاق) مدى‬
‫يقدر‬ ‫يتفوق على‬
‫تراث‬ ‫يتطور‬
‫يستخدم ‪ -‬يستغل‬ ‫حسي (خاص باحلواس)‬
‫طرق العمل‬ ‫عضو‬
‫يؤدي إىل‬ ‫يُناضل‬
‫يقصر على‬ ‫يُنظم )يؤدي )‬
‫على نطاق كبري‬ ‫يستقصي‬
‫ملمس‬ ‫متنوع‬
‫لغة اإلشارة‬ ‫العامل‬
‫قبيلة‬ ‫مُشارك‬
‫به زهور‬ ‫سهولة‬
‫اختالف‬ ‫بشكل بارز‬
‫جدير باالهتمام‬ ‫يُسيء فهم‬

‫لغة الو (تايالند)‬ ‫ُيمدد‬

‫يعكس‬ ‫يُعرب‬
‫يعرض‬ ‫منظور‬
‫شامل‬ ‫انطباع‬
‫وظيفة‬ ‫صناعة‬
‫فقط‬ ‫أساسي‬
‫يساعد‬ ‫يُشارك‬
‫وعي‬ ‫اقتصاد‬
‫على دراية ب‬ ‫مل يعد‬

‫‪2‬‬
 ‫يكتشف‬ ‫يتعرف على‬
‫يُفسر‬ ‫يُدرك‬
‫يستنتج‬ ‫شديد الغضب‬
‫يتغلب على ‪ -‬يطغى على‬ ‫متشوق ‪ -‬متحمس‬
‫مُنتشي ‪ -‬متحمس‬ ‫عاطفي‬
‫غيور‬ ‫يؤلف موسيقى‬
‫متوتر (مشدود)‬ ‫ممانع ‪ -‬مرتدد‬
‫ثرثار‬ ‫مُتقلب املزاج‬
‫متفائل‬ ‫ودي ‪ -‬متفتح‬
‫مُتشائم‬ ‫مُرهف احلس‬
‫غري تقليدي‬ ‫عاطفة‬
‫اجلانب السليب‬ ‫مسرور‬
‫غري راضي‬ ‫مذهول‬
‫قلَقِ‬ ‫مُقتنع‬

‫يرتاوح من ‪...‬إىل‬ ‫عمى ألوان‬

‫ما بعد التصنيع‬ ‫واثق يف نفسه‬
‫حسب ‪ -‬طبقا لـ‬ ‫يالحظ ‪ -‬يدرك‬
‫يشارك (يف)‬ ‫يرُكز على‬
‫عامة‬ ‫يبدأ (هواية)‪-‬يشغل‬
‫يعتمد على‬ ‫حيب ( يستمتع بـ)‬
‫يُجاري‬ ‫طار فرحا‬
‫يفقد االتصال مع‬ ‫مرتدد‬
‫يطّلع على ما فاته‬ ‫مشمئز من‬
‫واقعي )عملي )‬ ‫على علم مبا حوله‬
‫جيرّب‬ ‫شخص مُزْعِج‬
‫‪sensory organs‬‬ ‫األعضاء احلسية‬ ‫يفحص‬

‫‪Noun‬‬ ‫‪Adjective‬‬ ‫‪Noun‬‬ ‫‪Adjective‬‬

‫‪appreciation‬‬ ‫‪appreciative‬‬ ‫‪astonishment‬‬ ‫‪astonished‬‬
‫‪chat‬‬ ‫‪chatty‬‬ ‫‪concern‬‬ ‫‪concerned‬‬
‫‪delight‬‬ ‫‪delighted‬‬ ‫‪fury‬‬ ‫‪furious‬‬
‫‪emotion‬‬ ‫‪emotional‬‬ ‫‪pessimism‬‬ ‫‪pessimistic‬‬
‫‪mood‬‬ ‫‪moody‬‬ ‫‪optimism‬‬ ‫‪optimistic‬‬

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 ‫مهتم‬
‫هادئ‬
exhausted ‫مرهق‬
‫ جانب سليب‬- ‫عيب‬
‫متفتح‬
worthwhile ‫ جدير باالهتمام‬worthy unimportant

economy (n) ‫االقتصاد‬ the system of trading and making goods by which a
particular country creates its income
sense (n) ‫الحاسة‬ one of the five natural powers of sight, hearing, taste,
smell and touch
pottery (n) ‫الفخار‬ plates, dishes, etc., made from clay and then baked
hierarchy ‫التسلسل‬ a system in which people or things are organised by
‫الهرمي‬ importance
heritage (n) ‫التراث‬ a country’s history and traditions regarded as part of
its character
tribe (n) ‫قبيلة‬ a group of people of the same race, language and
customs
texture ‫ملمس‬ the way a surface feels when you touch it,
Farsi (n) ‫الفارسية‬ the official language of Iran
awareness (n) ‫الوعي‬ knowledge and understanding of something
perspective (n) ‫ منظور‬point of view; attitude
industry (n) ‫الصناعة‬ the people and activities involved in a particular
business
colour blind ‫ أعمى الوان‬not able to see the difference between some or
all colours
reluctant (adj) ‫ممانع‬ unwilling; not keen to do sth
webinar (n) ‫ مؤتمر النت‬an online group meeting or presentation

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 prove – proof - evidence
prove (Verb) ‫ يبرهن‬/ ‫يثبت‬
I can prove my innocence.
proof (Noun) ‫ برهان‬/ ‫دليل قاطع‬
This is proof of payment.
evidence (Noun) ‫ إثبات‬/ ‫دليل‬
The evidence points to the suspect.

adapt – adopt
adapt ‫ يتأقلم‬/ ‫يكيّف‬
We must adapt to climate change.
adopt ‫يتبنّى‬
She adopted a healthy lifestyle.

find out – discover

find out )‫ يكتشف حقيقة (عادة معلومات أو سر‬/ ‫ يعرف‬/ ‫يكتشف‬
I just found out that my friend is moving to another city.
She found out the answer by checking the internet.
discover )‫ يعثر على(عادة شيء كبير أو مهم‬/ ‫يكتشف‬
Columbus discovered America in 1492.
The scientists discovered a new species of bird.

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What is the hierarchy of our senses?
Which sense do we think of as the most important ... and which as the least
important? Until recently, there was an accepted hierarchy of human senses:
sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell. However, research at the University of
York has shown that this accepted hierarchy is not true across all cultures.
In fact, according to researchers, biology plays a less important role than
cultural factors in predicting the importance of the five senses.
The study revealed that cultures which particularly valued their specialist
musical heritage were able to describe sounds better, even when non-
musicians were tested. Similarly, people living in a culture that produced
patterned pottery were more able to talk about shapes. These findings could
prove significant for a range of practices in education and other professions,
to help further understand how people develop and utilise their sensory
ideas about the world. Over hundreds of years, significant scientific research
was carried out into the workings of the human sensory organs, leading to
a generally accepted belief that sight was the most important sense. This
research had always shown that people found it easy to talk about the things
that they could see, such as colours and shapes, but struggled to name the
things that they smelled or tasted. However, these studies were restricted to
English speakers and it was not known if the findings were true across all
other languages and cultures.
To find out, an international team led by Professor Asifa Majid, from the
University of York, in the UK conducted a large-scale experiment to
investigate how well different people in different places could communicate
about colours, shapes, sounds, textures, tastes and smells. Speakers of
twenty diverse languages - including three different sign languages - from
across the globe were tested, ranging from indigenous tribes to post-
industrial societies. If the commonly accepted hierarchy of the senses were
true, participants in the study should have been able to communicate about
vision most easily, followed by sounds, such as loud and quiet; textures,
such as smooth and rough; taste, such as sweet and sour; and smell, such
as floral and fruity. However, although English speakers behaved as

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predicted, describing things they could see and hear so with ease, this was
not the case everywhere. For example, although people across all cultures
found smell the most difficult to talk about, an indigenous tribe from Australia
were noticeably better than the other research participants. This tribe, who
speak the language Umpila, were able to outperform all the other nineteen
cultures involved in the study. The ability to describe taste also showed
variations according to culture and language. While English speakers
struggled to talk about basic tastes, speakers of Farsi and Lao showed
almost perfect scores in being able to identify flavours, perhaps reflecting the
differences in how people think about their own cultural ways of cooking.
Majid and her team have demonstrated through their research that we
cannot gain a thorough understanding of certain human functions from
studies carried out solely within the English speaking world. Extending
research to other cultures and other language speakers provides us with
more global awareness and a better understanding that solutions and
perspectives are not the same around the world.
In a modern digital-led world, which typically uses the senses of sight and
hearing, it could be worthwhile learning from other cultures in the way that
taste and smell can be communicated, for example, suggested Professor
Majid. This could be particularly important for the future of some professions,
such as the food industry, for example, where being able to communicate
about taste and smell is essential.

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 Grammar 1
The present simple ‫المضارع البسيط‬
Usage
We use the present simple for:
1- General truths or facts: ‫الحقائق العامة‬
The sun rises in the east.
2- Habits, routines and repeated actions: ‫العادات والروتين واالحداث المتكررة‬
He usually walks to school with his friends.
3- Permanent states: ‫الحاالت الدائمة‬
Her family lives in the New York.
4- timetabled events in the future: ‫الجداول ألحداث مستقبلية‬
The train to Cairo leaves at 6 a.m. every day.
5- Narratives (a joke, a plot, sports commentaries, etc.) ‫عندما تروي قصة‬
At the start of the book, the hero receives some news.
6- Future time conjunctions: ‫مع روابط الزمن المستقبلية‬
After Mando finishes his homework, he will watch TV.

Form
Affirmative:‫االثبات‬
I–We–They–You / plural noun Verb ‫التصريف األول‬
He– She –It / singular noun inf. + (s / es / ies)
She usually goes shopping with her mother.

Negative
I–We–They–You / plural noun + don't + inf.
He– She –It / singular noun + doesn't + inf.
We don't play football on Monday. She doesn't like eating fish.

Notes:
• Verbs ending in (ss / sh / ch / x / o) take (es) in the third person
singular(he – she – it)
‫( عندما يكون الفاعل مفرد‬s) ‫( وليس‬es) ‫( نضيف لها‬ss / sh / ch / x / o) ‫األفعال المنتهية بـ‬
pass –passes wash–washes watch – watches
mix–mixes go– goes

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 • Verbs ending in a (consonant + y) drop (y ) and add (ies) for the third
person singular(he – she – it)
‫ مع الفاعل المفرد‬ies() ‫) ونضيف‬y( ‫( ويسبقها حرف ساكن نحذف ال‬y)‫األفعال المنتهية بـ‬
study (studies) marry (marries)
But :
• Verbs ending in a (Vowel + y) add (s) in the third person singular (he –
she – it)
‫ مع الفاعل المفرد‬s() ‫( ويسبقها حرف متحرك نضيف‬y)‫األفعال المنتهية بـ‬
play (plays) say (says)

Questions

1- Yes /No questions: ‫مع السؤال بهل‬

Do + (I /you/we/they) + inf. ……………………..?
Do you play football? Yes, I do.
Does (he /she/it) + inf. ……...………………..?
Does she play football? No, she doesn't.

2- Wh –questions: ‫مع السؤال بكلمة استفهام‬

Q. word + do/ does+ (I /we/you/they) + inf. …………….?
When do they play football?
When does he play football?
Passive
Object + am/is/are + p.p (by + agent)
Noise is heard everywhere.
Streets aren't cleaned every day.

Key words
every (day –week – month – year – morning …………….)
In the morning – in the afternoon – in the evening –at night.
On Mondays – Tuesdays – Wednesdays ……………….

Adverbs of frequency ‫ظروف التكرار‬: (always – usually – sometimes – often –

rarely –scarcely – seldom – never – frequently – occasionally …..etc. )

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We often use adverbs of frequency with the present simple. They tell us how
often something happens. They come before the main verb, but after the verb
be.
‫ وتأتي قبل‬.‫ فهي تخبرنا كم مرة يحدث شيء ما‬.‫نستخدم غالبًا ظروف التكرار مع زمن المضارع البسيط‬
(be)‫ ولكن بعد الفعل‬،‫الفعل الرئيسي‬
I sometimes help Dad with the shopping.
My football team rarely wins.
Omar is often late for school.

Notes
1– We use the adverbs of frequency before the main verbs
‫نضع ظرف التكرار قبل الفعل األساسي‬
We sometimes watch TV. He always plays table tennis.
2– We also use the adverbs of frequency after "verb to be "and after
auxiliary verbs such as can , do, must, etc
‫ونضعه بعد كل األفعال المساعدة والناقصة وليس قبلها‬
Sama is always on time. I can always swim alone.

Practice
Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets:
1– I meet my friends many times. (often)
I often meet my friends.
2– She doesn’t play chess at all. (never)
She never plays chess.
3– He watches TV from time to time. (sometimes)
He sometimes watches TV.
4- Ali is a good speaker of English. (well)
Ali speaks English well.
5- Alaa never smokes. (not)
Alaa doesn’t smoke at home.

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Usage
We use the present continuous for:
1- Actions that are in progress at the time of speaking.
)‫مع األحداث التي تحدث أثناء الكالم (الن‬
I’m listening to the radio now.
He is studying for his maths test at the moment.

2- Actions that are in progress around the time of speaking, but not right
now. ‫مع األحداث التي تحدث خالل فترة الكالم ولكن ليس الن بالضبط‬
I'm looking for a new car.

3- To describe temporary situations. ‫للتعبير عن مواقف مؤقتة‬

I'm staying with my aunt till Friday.

4- To talk about annoying actions which happen repeatedly (with the adverbs
of frequency always, constantly, continually). ‫مع األحداث المزعجة المتكررة‬
You're always interrupting me!

5- What is happening in a picture. ‫لوصف ما في الصورة أو المشهد‬

Two girls are shopping in a department store.

6- To talk about future arrangements: ‫مع الترتيبات المستقبلية‬

We are meeting our new manager at 1 p.m. tomorrow.
They are flying to London next week.

5– To describe changing or developing situations. ‫لوصف مواقف تتغير أو تتطور‬

Mobile phones are getting smaller and smaller.
Air pollution is increasing in our city.
I'm getting more optimistic about the future.

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Form:
I → am + inf.+ing
He– she – It – Singular noun → is + inf.+ing
We– They – you – Plural noun → are + inf.+ing

Notes:
1– With verbs ending with (e), we omit (e) on adding (ing)
)ing( ‫) عند اضافة‬e( ‫ نحذف ال‬, )e( ‫االفعال المنتهية ب‬
make making write writing
2– Verbs ending with (ie), we change (ie) into (y) on adding (ing)
)ing( ‫) عند اضافة‬y( ‫ نستبدلهم ب‬, )ie( ‫االفعال التي تنتهي ب‬
tie ‫يربط‬ tying lie ‫يكذب‬ lying die ‫يموت‬ dying

3– Verbs that consist of one syllable and end with a vowel then
consonant, we double the last consonant on adding (ing)
‫ نضاعف الحرف االخير‬, ‫األفعال التي تتكون من مقطع واحد وتنتهي بحرف ساكن وقبله متحرك‬
)‫(الساكن‬
put putting swim swimming
run running drop dropping
‫ فال نغير شيء‬Y ‫ أو‬X ‫ما عدا األفعال المنتهية بـ‬
mix mixing play playing

4- With two-syllable verbs ending in one vowel and one consonant,

double the final consonant.
)‫ نضاعف الحرف االخير (الساكن‬, ‫األفعال التي تتكون من مقطعين وتنتهي بحرف ساكن وقبله متحرك‬
admit admitting travel travelling

Negative: Subject + am / is / are + not + inf.+ing

She is not studying now.

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Questions:

1- Yes /No Questions: Am / Is / Are + Subject + inf.+ing..?

Are you doing anything now? – Yes, I am.

2- Wh – questions: WH. word + (am –is – are) + Subject +(inf.+ing) +?

What are you doing now? – I am listening to music.
Where is he playing? – He is playing in the park.
Key words:
now – They are teaching math now.
at present – My daughter is going to school at present.
at this moment – The school is going to get closed at this moment.
still – They are still making use of this computer.
this (week) – He is doing his exams this week.
these (days) – We’re building a new house these days.
look! – Look! He is running.
Listen! – Listen! She is singing a song.
Watch out! – Watch out! A car is coming fast.
for the time being – Let’s keep things simple for the time being.

Stative (State) verbs ‫أفعال الحالة‬

Stative verbs describe a state rather than an action. They aren't usually used in the
present continuous form.

‫أفعال الحالة تصف حالة وليس حدث وعادة وال نستخدم هذه األفعال عادة مع األزمنة المستمرة‬
I don't know the answer. (I'm not knowing the answer.)
She really likes you. (She's really liking you.)
He seems happy at the moment. (He's seeming happy at the moment.)
Verbs of feeling: ‫أفعال الشعور‬
love, hate, prefer, mind, like, dislike, please, surprise, astonish ‫يدهش‬, impress ‫يبهر‬
etc.…..

Verbs of possession: ‫أفعال االمتالك والتضمين‬

have, own, want, belong‫يخص‬, need, possess ‫يملك‬, owe‫يدين‬, include ‫يشمل‬,
involve ‫ يورط‬etc.…..

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 Verbs used for the senses: ‫أفعال الحواس‬
see, hear, smell, seem, sound ‫يبدو‬, taste ‫له مذاق‬, look‫ يبدو‬, appear‫يبدو‬, V.be, etc.….

Verbs of thought and perception: ‫أفعال الرأي واالدراك‬

know, believe, agree, disagree, recognise ‫يتعرف على‬, think (‫)يعتقد‬, realise ‫يدرك‬,
suppose‫يفترض‬, mean, understand, concern ‫يتعلق بـ‬, wish, promise, imagine‫يتخيل‬,
doubt‫يشك‬, deny‫ينكر‬, satisfy‫يرضي‬, depend ‫يعتمد‬, matter‫يهم‬, deserve‫يستحق‬,
forget‫ينسى‬, remember‫يتذكر‬

Verbs of measurement: ‫أفعال القياس واالحتواء‬

contain‫يحتوي على‬, consist‫يتكون‬, fit‫يناسب‬, lack‫ينقص‬, weigh‫يزن‬

Examples:
This house belongs to them. She knows the address now.

Notes:
Certain stative verbs can be used in progressive tenses when they express
actions rather than states but with a difference in meaning:
.‫بعض أفعال الحالة يمكن أن تأتي في الصيغة المستمرة عندما نعبر عن حدث وليس عن حالة والمعنى يتغير‬
• think(= consider) ‫يقترح‬/‫ يفكر في‬I'm thinking of buying a car.
• see(= meet, visit) ‫يقابل – يزور‬ She's seeing her sister tonight.
• have(= drink, eat, take) ‫ يأخذ‬/‫ يتناول‬I’m having lunch at home at the moment.
• taste(= try food) ‫يتذوق‬ I'm just tasting the food to see if it's ready.
• feel (= touch) ‫يلمس‬ Amgad is feeling the surface to repaint it.

Passive: Object + am/is/are + being + p.p

The room is being painted at the moment.

Practice:
1– They are doing many projects at the moment. (Many projects..)
Many projects are being done at the moment.
2– I’ve arranged everything to travel next Friday. (am)
I am travelling next Friday.
3– Hoda is painting her flat this week. (being)
Hoda’s flat is being painted this week.

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Choose the correct answer:

Rewrite the sentences using the word(s): in brackets:

1– A vegetarian doesn't eat meat at all. (never)
………………………………………………………………………………
2– Right now, she is in the meeting room. (having)
………………………………………………………………………………
3– My wedding is on the first of August. (I am )
………………………………………………………………………………
4– She always goes to school early. (late)
………………………………………………………………………………
5– Alaa plays football from time to time. (sometimes)
………………………………………………………………………………

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 Grammar 2

Usage
We use the present perfect for:
1– for a state that started in the past and is still true now.
‫للحالة التي بدأت في الماضي ومازالت حقيقية حتى الن‬
We have lived here for ten years.

2– for actions which happened in the past, but the exact time is not mentioned.
‫لألحداث التي حدثت في الماضي وال نعلم متى حدثت‬
I've already done that.

3– for actions which started in the past and continue up to the present (emphasis on
the action). )‫لألحداث التي بدأت في الماضي واستمرت لآلن (للتأكيد على الحدث‬
Mr. Alaa has taught English since 2000.

4– for something that happened in the past and has a direct result that affects the
present. ‫لألحداث التي تمت في الماضي ولها نتائج مباشرة تؤثر على الحاضر‬
Ahmed has washed his car. (It's clean now.)
I'm very tired because I have run a marathon!

5– for an action that finished very recently. ‫لألحداث التي تمت مؤخرا‬
I have just bought a new car.

6– for experiences and achievements. ‫للتجارب واإلنجازات‬

He has climbed Mount Everest twice.

7– for an action that has happened several times up to now.

‫لألحداث التي حدثت مرات كثير حتى األن‬
I've told you time and time again to be careful!

– with adjectives in the superlative form and expressions like the only/ first/ second.
…… etc. )‫ للصفات‬3 ‫مع الصفات في درجة األفضلية (الدرجة‬
It's the first time I've received an e-mail from Hany.
It was the best film I have ever seen.

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Form Subject + have / has + p.p.
Someone has dropped a glass of water.

Negative
Subject + haven’t / hasn’t + p.p.
I haven’t finished my homework yet.
Question:

1- Yes, No question
Have / Has + Subject + p.p.……..?
Have you finished your homework yet?

2- W-H question
Q. word + have – has + Subject + p.p.?
What have you done? Where has she been?
Passive
Object +have / has + been+ p.p.
A new version of the book has been published.
Many trees have been planted in our area.

Key words
already ‫بالفعل‬/ just ‫توا‬/ ever ‫من قبل‬/ never ‫ أبدا‬/ yet ‫ حتى األن‬/ so far ‫حتى األن‬/
lately ‫ مؤخرا‬/ recently‫مؤخرا‬/ up till now ‫ حتى الن‬/ for ‫ لمدة‬/ since ‫ منذ‬/ before ‫من قبل‬
/ how long ‫كم المدة‬, …..etc.

✓ They have just /already arrived.

✓ I have never seen him before.
✓ Have you ever played chess?
✓ It’s the first time I’ve ever spoken Spanish.
✓ Sama is the most beautiful girl I’ve ever seen.
✓ Mona hasn’t finished her homework yet.
✓ Have you eaten your lunch yet?
✓ She has done three exercises so far.
✓ I haven't seen Ola lately.

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Since+‫بداية الحدث‬
Since (last week / last summer / five o’clock / October / this morning /
yesterday / then / Monday / breakfast …)
She has worked in this office since last year.

For + ‫فترة زمنية‬

For a week / the last week / a year / five hours / three months / two days
/ a long time / ages / a short time / years / centuries
I haven’t cleaned the house for a week.

Notes
:‫ نستخدم المضارع التام‬since ‫ في حــالة وجـود فعـل واحــد مع‬-1
• She has worked in this office since 2015.
:‫ ماضي بسيط والفعل الثاني في المضارع التام‬since ‫ يأتي بعد‬،‫ في حـالة وجـود فعلين‬-2
• I haven’t seen Mohammed since we met in Alex.
:‫ نستخدم التركيب التي‬for ‫ بدال من‬since ‫ الحظ انه عند استخدام‬-3

It’s / It's been + ‫ فترة زمنية‬+ since + Subject + last + ‫ماضي بسيط‬

• He hasn’t visited his uncle for a long time.

= It’s been a long time since he last visited his uncle.
:‫ نستخدم صيغة التفضيل‬never ‫ بدال من‬ever ‫ الحظ انه عند استخدام‬-4
• I have never seen such a tall boy.
= He is the tallest boy I have ever seen.
‫ مع‬Never ‫ ولكن يمكن أن نبدأ الجملة بــ ـ‬p.p ‫ والــ ـ‬have ‫ بين‬never /ever ‫مع مالحظة وضع‬
:‫ على الفاعل‬have ‫تقديم‬
She has never played the piano.
Never has she played the piano.
:‫ في الجملة المنفيــة والسؤال‬yet ‫ الحظ استخدام‬-5
• I haven’t finished my homework yet.
• Have you done your research yet?

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 :‫ في نهاية السؤال للتعبير عن الدهشة ويكون سؤال بليغ‬already ‫ يمكن أن تأتي‬-6
Have you finished all your tasks already? You are fast.
‫ يستخدم المضارع التام أيضا مع هذه التعبيرات‬-7
It’s/This is the first (second …) time …..
It's the first time I have played tennis.
It’s (This) is the only + noun ……..
This is the only Russian movie I've known.
In the last/ recent (months/ years/ …)
In recent months, she has done much progress.
‫ ثم نذكر اسم المكان للداللة على أن الفاعل ذهب إلى مكان ما‬have / has been to ‫ نستخدم‬-8
.‫وعاد ومنه‬
My father has been to Paris. (He returned yesterday.)
‫ ثم نذكر اسم المكان للداللة على أن الفاعل ذهب إلى مكان ما‬have / has gone to ‫ونستخدم‬
.‫ومازال هناك‬

Khaled has gone to England. (He is in England now.)

‫ ثم نذكر اسم المكان للداللة على أن الفاعل ذهب إلى مكان ما‬have / has been in ‫وتساويها‬
.‫ومازال هناك‬
Khaled has been in England. (He is in England now.)

The present Perfect continuous

Usage
1– for actions that started in the past and are still in progress now or have happened
repeatedly. ‫لتأكيد الحدث الذي بدأ في الماضي ومازال مستمرا أو حدث بشكل متكرر‬
Sama has been learning English for 11 years.

2– for actions that happened repeatedly in the past and have finished recently, but
have results affecting the present.
‫لألحداث التي حدثت في الماضي وانتهت مؤخرا ولكن النتائج واضحة الن‬
We've been walking around all day. That's why we're so tired.
Camilla is tired because she's been working hard.

3– to show annoyance resulting from a recent action. ‫إلظهار الضيق من حدث قريب‬
Who has been wearing my jacket?

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4- to state how long actions have been in progress for. ‫عند الحديث عن مدة الحدث الحالي‬
I've been learning Chinese for five years.

5- for a recent unfinished action. ‫لألحداث الغير منتهية‬

We've been talking about our holiday plans.

Form Subject + have / has been + inf.+ing

Negative Subject + haven’t – hasn’t been + inf.+ing
She hasn’t been studying all this time.
Yes/No question Have/Has +Subject + been + inf.+ing ..?
Have you been playing chess for three hours?
Wh. questions Q. word + have/ has + Subject + been + inf.+ing ..?
How long has she been sleeping?
Key words
Since +‫ بداية الحدث‬/ for+‫ مدة زمنية‬/ all + ‫ اسم زمني‬/ for+‫…… مدة زمنية‬.now
– He has been working there since he passed his exams.
– It has been raining for three days now.
Notes:
‫ نستخدم المضارع التام للتأكيد على النتيجة أما المضارع التام المستمر فنستخدمه للتأكيد على مدة‬-1
– How long have you been smoking?
: ‫ يستخدم هذا الزمن غالبا مع األفعال التي تستغرق وقتا طويال إلى حد ما مثل‬-2
teach / learn / rain / cook / sleep / play / run / study / write / read / stay/wait
– It has been raining for the past three hours.
)‫ هناك أفعال ال تستخدم في األزمنة المستمرة (كما سبق ان شرحناها بالتفصيل مع المضارع المستمر‬-3
:‫حتى مع وجود كلمات تدل علي االستمرار في الجملة مثل‬
know / own / be / love / hate / like / belong / contain
– I have known him for ten years now.
– He has been in the army for 5 years.
:present perfect ‫ إذا ذكر عدد مرات حدوث الفعل يستخدم المضارع التام‬-4
– Sara has written three letters. – Alaa has drunk four cups of tea.

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We often use time expressions with certain tenses.
When we use time phrases such as when, before, after, until, once, by the
time, etc. to talk about the future the phrase is followed by a present or a
present perfect tense, not a future tense.

.‫نحن غالبًا نستخدم تعبيرات الزمن مع أزمنة معينة‬

, )‫ (حتى‬until ‫ (بعد) أن‬after ،(‫ )قبل‬before )‫ (عندما‬when:‫عندما نستخدم عبارات زمنية مثل‬
،‫ للحديث عن المستقبل‬،‫ وغيرها‬،)‫بحلول الوقت‬/‫ (عندما يحين الوقت‬by the time ،)‫ (عندما‬once
.‫ وليس زمن المستقبل‬،‫فإن العبارة يتبعها زمن المضارع البسيط أو المضارع التام‬

Choose the correct answer:

1– I've been to Cairo but I ………………been to Luxor .
(not – haven't – never – have )
2–I have not seen Ahmed ......................the last week.
(for –since – from –in)
3–I have been ........................ a paper for two hours.
(read– reading –reads–to read)
4– Hassan has ……………to England. He is in England now.
(gone – been – go – went )
5– Where is Ali ? He has …………the supermarket.
(gone – gone to – been to – been )
6–She ............................to Cairo. She is in Tanta now.
(has been–has gone–went –was)
7–Mona has .................... her husband Ahmed since they were kids.
(know – been knowing – knows – known)
8–I haven’t met my friend Mina..................then.
(for –since – from –in)

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9–Have you played football ............? - No, I was busy.
(ever –already – never –yet)
10–I have ................... this film four times this year.
(watched– been watching – watching –watches)

2– Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets :

1– I'm still doing my homework. (finished)
………………………………………………………………………………
2– He last called his friend last week. (since)
………………………………………………………………………………
3– I last met her two weeks ago. (for)
………………………………………………………………………………
4– I haven’t met my friend for three months. (It's)
………………………………………………………………………………
5– She's had a guitar since 2001. (ago)
………………………………………………………………………………
6-I am still doing my homework. ( yet)
………………………………………………………………………………
7- He went to the club. He is still there. (gone)
………………………………………………………………………………
8- She last saw a real lion 3 years ago. (It’s…)
………………………………………………………………………………
9- He started two hours ago, and he hasn’t finished fixing the car. (been)
………………………………………………………………………………
10- Ali visited Aswan last year. (been)
………………………………………………………………………………

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 General Exercises on Unit 1
(Vocabulary)
Choose the correct answer:

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25
B) Rewrite the sentences using the word(s): in brackets:

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 (Grammar)
A)Choose the correct answer:

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28
29
30
B) Rewrite the sentences using the word(s): in brackets:

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The meeting started a moment ago. (just )

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