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Basic Concepts
● A standard clock face is circular, divided into 12 hours and 60 minute spaces.
● There are two main hands:
● Hour hand (short, slow)
● Minute hand (long, fast)
Key Concepts:
1. Clock Face Basics:
○ A clock has 12 hours, each hour representing 30 degrees (since 360 degrees / 12
hours = 30 degrees).
○ The minute hand completes one full rotation (360 degrees) every 60 minutes.
○ The hour hand moves 30 degrees every hour, but also shifts slightly as minutes pass.
2. Minute Hand Movement:
○ In one minute, the minute hand moves 6 degrees (360 degrees / 60 minutes).
○ In ttt minutes, the minute hand moves 6×t degrees.
3. Hour Hand Movement:
○ In one hour, the hour hand moves 30 degrees (360 degrees / 12 hours).
○ In one minute, the hour hand moves 0.5 degrees (30 degrees / 60 minutes).
○ In ttt minutes, the hour hand moves 0.5× t degrees.
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Sample Angles for Quick Reference
Minutes Angle from 12:00
1 6°
2 12°
5 30°
10 60°
15 90°
20 120°
30 180°
45 270°
60 360°
Formulas:
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3
Types of Problems:
1. Angle Between Hands: These problems require you to calculate the angle between
the hour and minute hands at a given time.
Example 1: At 3:00, what is the angle between the hour and minute hands?
Answer: 90 degrees.
2. Time When Hands Coincide: These problems ask you to find the time when the hour
and minute hands are at the same position.
Example 2: When do the hands of the clock coincide after 12:00? Using the formula
Answer: The hands coincide at 1:05:27.
3. Right Angles (90° apart): In these types of problems, the hour and minute hands are
at right angles to each other.
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Example 3: When are the hands of the clock at right angles after 12:00? Using the
equation
For H=12,
solving the equation will give two solutions: one for the minute hand at M=15
minutes and another at M=45 minutes.
Answer: Right angles occur at 12:15 and 12:45.
4. Straight Line (180° apart): These problems ask for the times when the hands are
exactly opposite each other.
Example 4: When are the hands of the clock in a straight line after 12:00? Using the
equation
Answer: The hands are in a straight line at 12:30.
5: Static Questions Questions about occurrences in 24 hours:
○ How many times do the hands coincide in a day?
Answer: 22 times.
○ How many times do the hands form a straight line (180°)?
Answer: 44 times.
○ How many times are the hands at right angles?
Answer: 22 times.
○ How many times are the hands in opposite directions (straight line but
opposite)?
Answer: 22 times.
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