Unit01-PH-Math6 SE 6/18/09 8:46 AM Page 2

UNIT 1
T
D E N B OO
TU

Input/Output Machines
K
S

1
LESSO N

At Ho

At Sc

me
Quick Review hoo

l
This is an Input/Output machine.
It can be used to make a growing pattern.
Each input is multiplied by 9 to get the Input Output
output. 1 9
If you input 1, the output is 9. 2 18
If you input 2, the output is 18. 3 27
The pattern rule for 4 36
the output is: 5 45
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Start at 9. Add 9 each time.

Try These

1. Complete the table of values for each Input/Output machine.

a) b)

Input Output Input Output

17 40
16 36
15 32
14 28
13 24
12 20
11 16
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
2. Look at the tables of values in question 1. Write the pattern rule for each
group of terms.
a) the output numbers in part a) ________________________________
b) the input numbers in part b) _________________________________
2
Unit01-PH-Math6 SE 6/18/09 8:46 AM Page 3

Practice

1. Complete the table of values for each Input/Output machine.

a) b)

Input Output Input Output

93 305

90 310

87 315

84 320

81 325
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
2. Look at the tables of values. Write the number and the operation in each
machine.
a) b)

Input Output Input Output

840 42 11 143
800 40 20 260
760 38 29 377
720 36 38 494
680 34 47 611
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Stretch Your Thinking

The table of values shows the Input Output

Input/Output from a machine. 3456 1152
a) Write the number and operation
3531 1177
for the machine. _______
3606 1202
b) Write the pattern rule for the input
3681 1227
numbers.
3756 1252
______________________________ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
c) Write the pattern rule for the output
numbers. ___________________________________________________
3
Unit01-PH-Math6 SE 6/18/09 8:46 AM Page 4

UNIT 1
T
D E N B OO
TU

Patterns from Tables

K
S

2
LESSO N

At Ho

At Sc

me
Quick Review hoo

l
This Input/Output machine divides
each input by 2, then adds 3. ÷2 +3

The pattern rule that relates the input Input Output

to the output is: Divide the input 20 13
by 2. Then add 3.
30 18
We can use this rule to predict the 40 23
output for any input. 50 28
For an input of 70, the output is: 60 33
70  2 + 3 = 38

Try These

1. Each table of values shows the input and output from a machine with
1 operation. Write the number and the operation in each machine.
a) b)

Input Output Input Output

2 4 24 6
4 8 20 5
6 12 16 4
8 16 12 3
10 20 8 2

2. Write the pattern rule that relates the input to the output for each table of
values in question 1.
a)
b)

4
Unit01-PH-Math6 SE 6/18/09 8:46 AM Page 5

Practice

1. Each table shows the input and output from

a machine with 2 operations.
For each table, write the numbers and the operations in the machine.
a) Input Output b) Input Output c) Input Output
4 25 50 20 7 26
5 32 55 22 8 28
6 39 60 24 9 30
7 46 65 26 10 32

2. Write the pattern rule that relates the input to the output for each table in
question 1.
a)
b)
c)
3. This table shows the input and output from a machine with 2 operations.
a) Write the numbers and the operations Input Output
in the machine. 25 15
30 18
b) Write the next 3 input and output 35 21
numbers.
c) Predict the output when the input is 100.

Stretch Your Thinking

The first 5 input numbers for the machine are:

2527, 2577, 2627, 2677, and 2727.
The first 5 output numbers for the machine are:
5061, 5161, 5261, 5361, and 5461.
Write the numbers and the operations in the machine.
5
Unit01-PH-Math6 SE 6/18/09 8:46 AM Page 6

UNIT 1

TU
T
D E N B OO Using Variables to

K
S

4
LESSO N
Describe Patterns
At Ho

At Sc

me
Quick Review hoo

l
The pattern rule for the output is: Input Output
Start at 5. Add 2 each time. 1 5
This suggests the input numbers are
2 7
multiplied by 2.
3 9
Multiply input 3 by 2: 3  2 = 6 4 11
To get output 9, add 3. 5 13
The pattern rule that relates the input to
the output is: Multiply by 2. Then add 3. Input Output
We can use a variable in an expression to 1 21+3=5
represent this rule. 2 22+3=7
Let the letter n represent any input 3 23+3=9
number. 4 2  4 + 3 = 11
Then, the expression 2n + 3 relates the
5 2  5 + 3 = 13
input to the output. . .
. .
. .

n 2n+3

Try These

1. Complete each table of values, then write an expression that relates the
input to the output.
a) Input Output b) Input Output c) Input Output
1 3 1 9 0 4
2 8 2 14 1 10
3 13 3 19 2 16
4 18 4 24 3 22
5 23 5 29 4 28
6 6 5
7 7
8
9

6
Unit01-PH-Math6 SE 6/18/09 8:46 AM Page 7

Practice

1. Here is a pattern of triangles.

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4

a) Complete the table. Figure Number of Triangles

b) Write the pattern rule. 1
2
3
c) Write an expression for the pattern.
4

d) Find the number of triangles in the

8th figure.

2. For each table of values, write an expression to represent the pattern.

a) Input Output b) Input Output
1 1 2 4
2 5 3 9
3 9 4 14
4 13 5 19

Stretch Your Thinking

a) Use the expression 7n + 10 to complete Number Amount ($)

the table. 0
1
b) Write and solve a story problem that 2
matches the pattern. 3
4

7
Unit01-PH-Math6 SE 6/18/09 8:46 AM Page 8

UNIT 1

TU
T
D E N B OO Plotting Points on a

K
S

5
LESSO N
Coordinate Grid
At Ho

At Sc

me
Quick Review hoo

l
➤ We use an ordered pair to describe 10
the coordinates of a point on a grid. 8

Vertical axis
A
6
The coordinates of point A are (5, 7). 4
2
0
The origin is the point where the 2 4 6 8 10
Horizontal axis
horizontal and vertical axes meet.
In an ordered pair:
• The first number tells the horizontal distance from the origin.
• The second number tells the vertical distance from the origin.
➤ The coordinates of point B are (3, 2). 10
To plot point B: 8
Vertical axis 6
Start at 0, move 3 squares right, then 4
move 2 squares up. 2 B
0
2 4 6 8 10
Horizontal axis

Try These

1. a) Name the letter on the

grid represented by each 10

ordered pair. 8 A
D
Vertical axis

(2, 5) (6, 7) (1, 4) 6 F

E
C
(9, 6) (7, 2) (3, 8) 4

2 B
b) Plot each point on the grid.
0
G(5, 4), H(10, 10), I(0, 9), 2 4 6 8 10
Horizontal axis

J(0, 2), K(8, 1), L(10, 4)

8
Unit01-PH-Math6 SE 6/18/09 8:46 AM Page 9

Practice

1. Plot each set of ordered pairs on

the coordinate grid. 10

Join the points in order. 8

Vertical axis
Join the last point to the first point. 6
Name each polygon you have drawn. 4
A: (8, 6), (6, 6), (6, 8), (8, 8) 2

0
2 4 6 8 10
B: (0, 3), (4, 0), (6, 0), (2, 3) Horizontal axis

C: (1, 6), (1, 10), (4, 10), (4, 6)

D: (7, 1), (6, 3), (8, 5), (10, 3), (9, 1)

10
2. Plot 6 points on the grid.
Label the points A to F. 8
Vertical axis

Record the ordered pairs. 6

2
A: B:
0
C: D: 2 4 6 8 10
Horizontal axis
E: F:

Stretch Your Thinking

(2, 5) and (7, 5) are 2 vertices of a

10
parallelogram with area 10 square units.
8
Vertical axis

Plot the points for the 2 given vertices. 6

What are the coordinates of the other vertices? 4

Give as many answers as you can. 2

0
2 4 6 8 10
Horizontal axis

9
Unit01-PH-Math6 SE 6/18/09 8:46 AM Page 10

UNIT 1

TU
T
D E N B OO Drawing the Graph

K
S

6
LESSO N
of a Pattern
At Ho

At Sc

me
Quick Review hoo

l
Here are some ways to represent a pattern.
➤ Model the pattern on grid paper.

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4

➤ Make a table. ➤ Draw a graph.

Number of Squares
Figure Ordered
Number of Squares in a Pattern
Number Pair

Number of Squares
10
8
1 5 (1, 5) 6
2 6 (2, 6) 4
2
3 7 (3, 7) 0
2 4 6 8 10
4 8 (4, 8) Figure Number

Try These

1. Henry made this pattern.

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4

a) Complete the table. b) Graph the pattern

Figure Ordered Number of Squares
Number of Squares in a Pattern
Number Pair
10
Number of Squares

1 2 (1, 2) 8
6
4
2 •
0
2 4 6 8 10
Figure Number

10
Unit01-PH-Math6 SE 6/18/09 8:46 AM Page 11

Practice

1. a) Describe the relationship shown Figure Number 1 2 3 4 5

in the table.
Number of Squares 1 3 5 7 9

b) Draw squares on the grid to model the pattern.

c) Graph the pattern. Number of Squares

in a Pattern
d) How many squares are needed for 10
Figure 10? Number of Squares 8

e) Which figure has 29 squares? 4

0
f) Which figure has 51 squares? 2 4 6 8 10
Figure Number

2. Draw a pattern to model Figure Number 1 2 3 4

the data in the table. Number of Triangles 1 2 4 8

Stretch Your Thinking

Use the table in question 2.

How many triangles are in Figure 10?
Which figure has 8192 triangles?
11
Unit01-PH-Math6 SE 6/18/09 8:46 AM Page 12

UNIT 1
T
D E N B OO
TU

Understanding Equality
K
S

7
LESSO N

At Ho

At Sc

me
Quick Review hoo

l
➤ Each of these scales is balanced.
The expression in one pan is equal to the expression in the other pan.
48 ÷ 8 2×3 48  8 = 6 and
23=6
So, 48  8 = 2  3

56 + 30 = 86 and
56 + 30 100 – 14
100 – 14 = 86
So, 56 + 30 = 100 – 14

➤ When we add 2 numbers, their order does not affect the sum.
This is called the commutative property of addition.
7+5=5+7
a+b=b+a
➤ When we multiply 2 numbers, their order does not affect the product.
This is called the commutative property of multiplication.
63=36
ab=ba

Try These

1. Rewrite each expression using a commutative property.

a) 9 + 6 b) 7  4
c) 751 + 242 d) 27  8
2. Are these scales balanced? 40 + 17 + 52 184 – 71
How do you know?

12
Unit01-PH-Math6 SE 6/18/09 8:46 AM Page 13

Practice

1. Work with a partner.

Write an expression in one pan of a balance scale.
Your partner writes a different expression to balance the scale.
Continue with each balance scale. Switch roles at each turn.

a) b)

c) d)

2. Draw a line to join pairs of expressions that balance.

a) Expressions b) Expressions
89 2  53 764 – 320 4000 – 48
522  9 24 + 76 76  52 18  3
75 + 31 314 – 242 36  6 5  25
10  10 29  2 52 + 73 4  111

Stretch Your Thinking

Write 3 equal expressions for each expression below.

a) 57 + 46 – 31 b) 45  2 + 17 c) 425  5 + 36

13
Unit01-PH-Math6 SE 6/18/09 8:47 AM Page 14

UNIT 1

TU
T
D E N B OO Keeping Equations

K
S

8
LESSO N
Balanced
At Ho

At Sc

me
Quick Review hoo

l
➤ We can model this equation
with counters: 3 + 3 = 4 + 2

Multiply each side by 2.

62=62

When each side of an equation is changed in the same way, the

values remain equal. This is called the preservation of equality.
➤ Suppose we know 8 = 4m.
8
We can model this equation with
paper strips. m m m m

To preserve the equality, we can 2

subtract the same number from 8
each side. m m m m
8 – 2 = 4m – 2
✂

So, 8 – 2 = 4m – 2 is an equivalent form of 8 = 4m.

Try These

1. Model each equation with counters.

Use counters to model the preservation of equality. Record your work.
a) 3 + 2 = 1 + 4 b) 18  3 = 3  2

14
Unit01-PH-Math6 SE 6/18/09 8:47 AM Page 15

Practice

1. Use addition to preserve the equality of each equation.

a) b)

2. Use subtraction to preserve the equality of each equation in question 1.

a) b)

3. a) Write an equation for each diagram.

i) 2 ii) 4

n n n n y y

b) Use multiplication to preserve the equality of each equation.

Record your work.
i) ii)

Stretch Your Thinking

Apply the preservation of equality. Write an equivalent form of the equation.

Use a different operation for each part.

a) 5y = 20 b) 20  5 = 8 – 4

c) 8  6 = 12  4 d) 5 + 19 = 6s

15