$ a o s qraph
e aplaical kóprexentation Ra Oiables o
a Set n e a r claebraic Eemoonw
Apresentinq a St Cale Sfgual dRo
p aepresatabn
in by
*Ihe Main a duautage Sigual Ro Graph
4e dvessl Tae
n Mason'n Gain mula
Can be Compded £oily
un cHon. q he Squem
xlemm Reloted to Stal ph
a variable t h e
aprencntinq
Nod Nocu is a bont
to Sum g ald
nodi vantab in u a l
Value a
Saa at Hhat noda.
n Cemina
waluu q
oill not £tett 4te
e Out eping Stpual
Aocde varialsle
E
R1
nevdie oda
= R B(-)
R-B
Broarch
BsBronch i a livne wd to
a Cho
Cnnet
i alnoucded h0ith a tm
tuo noder and
arssous m a k
unhon avd on
hronnen Junton epreneuts qain q that
Band aund OrO marrk neprenentr diYethon 9.
o Sucdy
Tom RE, ED, De cie a Bsonth.
Tnput Nocde [Sour
A node hostua onl
Cut L 34 tuss
na Branh in
Coled inputnod
From y. o in Luputnoda
utput Neds [Sthk]:-
A nods hovfva
only ntomfua Brandh i Couled
Cutpt Nods
E s in
oudpud nods Stk nnd
Choin nocl A nods
nouina in oming and outg
Prrondn e J3 Kncon 03 coin nod
1,12, 7s,7,
Fornuod lath A inth jsom tthe iopu to oupd nods
is daltnecl a osorsd path
o -%- 7u-s 1
3-74-s
3
Ao- 2 13-1 2,
Feeclbatkloop
A pat L9ich srisinaden rom a porstuularr node
andlteminccig at e Some nodo, tsovel ling tihroug
ctlaat ne others nod with out saiuc Ay Ods
twta. iCalled.
adBactk Aocp
cor a -3-u-
Set Loop?- A Jeed back oop Constsia q only one nod
Called Sell loop. ie t3s at 73 th SeloopP
Path Cain he produt Brondh gainn le
a
dhoord path in Enoon aa path gain
orug throah
io
e Pah eain dor poth K o - 2 } - 4 - s
u Ca oe aluo
1 XtX t2 t,t4s
Coled tsarso path eoan
Non touclhtng loops
Ithere t no noda Common tn beteoeen Hhe
te
ttoo k trae MOe toops Sudh loops a
Satd to be non touchfuq Joops
L
Tho non touchtng loops
/
loopain- The Produdt q au the gainn Hhe
randhes ominga loop in Colled lcop eain.
Hhere in one loop t h
Gain
-H = Gx (-4)
GH
M
MASON'S GAIN FORMULA:
unchon in
Bfock
Blocle diagram
To
lo Find the a n a ser Re duu h the
e
T have to Re duu
meHhod irnt
Reduthon aud éveng time oe
Sfep'a
Block by wins Bo many time Connumin
Conmumin
Ontte4ae
Block&o i
have t o
have onu
wehave
qraph appoaeh
Bd i StRual one
One rmala
emula
obtained the B4 wing
SFG un
ta
ke
Ae Can Calulate the Traner unchon
Mahon'a Gain Heomula
in 8tated
he Mason'a Cain termula
TCs) = 2
K
Where: K No9 Horarrd Path
Pe Gan q k"doroard
path
Saop)
A =
1-Eall in dividual Jeop eaiosuncldding
all possi ble
+Egein x gaio poduuct q
two non toudhing loop
Combinations
q
all pescble
- L g a i nx gain
x gain prcdut q
ltop+
CDubinationn q weee non touclaing
Ak= Vallun q cibove A b Eliminah ng all
Joop geinr and amoctated produts
9Rh au toudhing to e k Jotuaoid pot
looP uot oun H h
Findaal u
Pe
MeHhods to obtain Siual ouo eraph:-
&nations
om he Stem
Steps: Separate nodi
Varstalole o a Separate ntdi
aa oprecent Coh
Hhe Vniabla
Vcniabl
ot vau q
bWe Hu Psoperty a l e b r a i c Sunq
a l b r a i c Jum q
nods in an
preBented oy a
ednodu to Simulake
au h e Stgnals Cuteri ng at
H Equations
c)Co-ewiuent q -lea Vantaole un a Eguocttons
w e to o e nepreseut ed as h e bonch oeins
joining a nodr in etgalto reph.
d Suo J npu-aud oudput Vaniables
Seporately to Complete Stgual louoaph.
Connrder Ha kenn Ëquo'oo 3
= U+3V2
U = 44 V, + 5V +2 V2
Vs =
SV2+ V
Vo = 6V
t2 P
2s
2
V 3
, No
33
eadata
Fnom h e eiven Block diagrom
Steps
a) Name all 4he Summing point and 4ake oL Point
in 4he Block diagoam
b) epTereut e a h Sunming and Juke-Q Point
b a e p a a t e nods i n Stpuad e p h
c Con nect +em by Hhe brondhe anSead 9
Block, dndioting oue
oamrtunthtbns ass
e ein> a e
Comerponding Banches.
dy Show 4 iopuct nd oudput nodus eporrotely
ired o
Complet Stgral tRo raph.
S
olP
S oP
Applicalion Mason' eain ormuula to il al
Netuoosk.
nhork
eneral roCadure oeuL Solve Culh
olloy
u ven
a Find out l u aplaa translem 4
nuhoork in S-domain.
dowo Ha Epuaton lrent
b9nite
Cureh and necla voagen.
Banclh
Simulate Each Equah'on by olnauoing Comependi
Sigualo Gaph
) Combine
all
Stpual o Groph q e to tal
Spral flo 9ap e nehoonk.
CLtHakon' Seuin dormula zto dtive trantranse
dunchen Q Givon mehoodr.
the TF Jr he Ciuen uhwok
Find
- W-
Jo
V
Sol
V,LS
R
W- M-
CS) ts)) Sc
SL Vtt)
I,(S)= V - , LUs) -V,iS)]
R
VS) TT,0-IAs)
SC
V.S) S[7,5)
I,ts R
-V,) -V,t)
SL
/vo
-ge
Vo
Une mason' ain mula to ind_Vo
V:
x
TS)=F Tk
A
Oe oave C onoa fath
TC TA
A
ScR CS
SL
s
R
A I-LL tLL t+[L143
L
TLS RRC
-sCtRes
-
RCS SC2P
Tc) RRC
Sce P
SCRR + 2 R,+ S'cR,+SL
seRTR
o
LS
Ts Sc
RR+R.+
R,tscR.+ S&
wem
x Drao +he irepouding 9ua D oph en
Blouk dsagrom ond ind C
RIs
L
Cam
H
Ke have ' , Jeruoad path
T G.e
T t+ TiAl
Ts)
loops a toucing to eroovel Pa th S
A 1 &D
A 1-[LtL +[o
I+GL4, -- GGGst, -e,uGu
Tis)
flad R r ta aaph uoton bel0 uivq
Maron i omua
G 14
3
-H4
H
P atth
Sp: +wo er o a r d
nelividual oops
oith Joop
Tn ou Dur
Spa
Sp3 hon toutaing Joop.tedce od otadme.
G2Gatt#
athe Cowbinahhs *
Step u au no
ota
g AOucn L0o q"3
u
Step 5 Dtenduote
A - 1-,+tltti+L + LittLlgrt
GA a tDuh + k er ward Pot
A= 1-L3tlu
A-1-C1+
Sep
CLe) PA,+ P
A
GnCatLt+ GsqLGaal-Llr
H t Ugtu +TL2 tluft3+
=
I
GaH,teat2tist tCaHy + GtGg H t G24a
C w ason') ptu Jenla
1 4 1
Sep1 u r ber 9 troorrd patt
umbr oop,
-HC.
- tH
u b
mon touctn pop
-
HaH G GGy 33 at
at in
2 on
o u i y LoP oop
9
umb
p
Det C r inate
plosrp
Cy
A
t+GH+GGitatGa tGnGM,
Frnd C) y Maton'a Gainpr uule'
K-4,
C
7
1
H
Path
Stp Nunbe. q docasared
,G
-s
A s9s
AANT1O
AMNI7ECOI PARIK
Sdp2
Wuube
q Loop
oop
AR
AY
H H, E3
e Gq H2 H,
Sp3 Nunb ho Mon Boudi oop
HH,G
H, G Gs G
=
No Combadhion e e Montoui y loopn
4-p
ps I -
t ltu3 t u t u s + 4 )
A- - 1
D.+P 4, + RA,
Cu) P.A +P
Res) A
Ca) Gsa+GsGLH,tE,SHLT
S29H
+ G H, +Gs H
-
Ra)
