Introduction
Bat Algorithm
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM
Lecture by:
Ranjeet Kumar
Department of Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning
Mohan Babu University
Tirupati, India
April 7, 2025
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Bat Algorithm
Introduction
Contents
1 Introduction
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Bat Algorithm
Introduction
Introduction
Bat Algorithm (BA):
The Bat Algorithm (BA) is a metaheuristic optimization
algorithm .
It was developed by Xin-She Yang in 2010.
It is based on the echolocation behavior of bats and is used
for solving complex optimization problems.
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Bat Algorithm
Introduction
Behavior of Bats in Nature:
Echolocation (Sonar Navigation)
Bats emit high-frequency sound waves (ultrasonic pulses) that
bounce off objects and return as echoes.
By analyzing the returning echoes, bats determine the
distance, size, shape, and movement of objects.
This ability helps them hunt in complete darkness.
Hunting and Feeding Behavior
Most bats are insectivorous (eat insects), but some species are
frugivorous (fruit-eating) or even carnivorous (eating small
animals).
Vampire bats (rare species) feed on the blood of animals by
making small cuts and licking the blood.
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Bat Algorithm
Introduction
Flight Patterns and Adaptation
Bats are the only mammals capable of sustained flight.
They have flexible wing membranes that allow for agile and
energy-efficient movement.
Unlike birds, bats can hover, glide, and make sharp turns
during flight.
Social Behavior and Communication
Bats are social animals and often live in large colonies.
They use vocalizations and body language to communicate
with each other.
Migration and Seasonal Movement
Some bat species migrate long distances between seasons to
find food and suitable roosting sites.
They use environmental cues like temperature and daylight
duration to navigate during migration.
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Bat Algorithm
Introduction
Characteristics of the Bat Algorithm
Nature-Inspired:
Based on the echolocation behavior of microbats, mimicking
their hunting strategy.
Uses frequency tuning, loudness, and pulse emission for
optimization.
Combination of Global and Local Search:
Global Search: Uses frequency variations to explore a broad
search space.
Local Search: Adjusts loudness and pulse rate to refine
solutions when close to the optimal value.
Dynamic Adaptation:
The loudness (A) decreases as bats get closer to their prey
(better solutions).
The pulse rate (r) increases as the search progresses, helping
the algorithm fine-tune solutions.
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Bat Algorithm
Introduction
Uses Frequency-Based Movement:
Each bat moves according to a dynamically adjusted frequency,
allowing a balance between exploration (searching new areas)
and exploitation (refining existing solutions).
Simple and Easy to Implement:
Few parameters to tune (loudness, pulse rate, frequency
range).
Straightforward equations for position and velocity updates.
Versatile and Scalable:
Can handle different types of optimization problems
(continuous, discrete, constrained, multi-objective).
Works well in high-dimensional spaces.
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Bat Algorithm
Introduction
Working of BA
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Bat Algorithm
Introduction
Working of BA
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Bat Algorithm
Introduction
Working of BA
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Bat Algorithm
Introduction
Working of BA
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Bat Algorithm
Introduction
Working of BA
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Bat Algorithm
Introduction
Working of BA
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Bat Algorithm
Introduction
Working of BA
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Bat Algorithm
Introduction
Working of BA
Problem Definition
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Bat Algorithm
Introduction
Working of BA
Step 1: Initialization
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Bat Algorithm
Introduction
Working of BA
Step 2.1: Update Frequency
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Bat Algorithm
Introduction
Working of BA
Step 2.2: Update Velocity and Position
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Bat Algorithm
Introduction
Working of BA
Step 2.3: Local Search (Random Walk)
Step 2.4: Evaluate and Accept New Solution
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Bat Algorithm
Introduction
Working of BA
Step 2.5: Update Loudness and Pulse Rate
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Bat Algorithm
Introduction
Working of BA
Summary After 1 Iteration
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Bat Algorithm
Introduction
Advantages:
Balance Between Exploration and Exploitation.
Fast Convergence.
Few Parameters to Tune.
Flexible and Versatile.
Robustness.
Disadvantages:
Premature Convergence.
Sensitive to Parameter Settings.
Slower for High-Dimensional Problems.
No Guarantee of Optimality.
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Bat Algorithm
Introduction
When to use:
Nonlinear or Non-Differentiable Optimization Problem.
Search Space Is Complex.
Want a Lightweight, Adaptable Algorithm.
When to avoid:
Problem Has a Simple, Convex, or Differentiable Objective
Function.
Dealing With High-Dimensional Optimization.
Extremely Limited on Time or Resources.
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Bat Algorithm
Introduction
Variants
Improved Bat Algorithm (IBA).
Hybrid Bat Algorithm (HBA).
Directional Bat Algorithm (DirBA).
Chaotic Bat Algorithm (CBA).
Quantum Bat Algorithm (QBA).
Modified Local Search Bat Algorithm.
Multi-Objective Bat Algorithm (MOBA).
Discrete Bat Algorithm (DBA).
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Bat Algorithm
Introduction
Variants
Summary
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Bat Algorithm
