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Complex Numbers - One Page Formula Sheet & Practice

This document provides a comprehensive overview of complex numbers, including their basic forms, operations, and methods for solving quadratics. It covers polar forms, multiplication and division in polar coordinates, De Moivre's theorem, and techniques for solving linear systems with complex coefficients. Additionally, it includes practice problems with solutions for reinforcement of the concepts presented.

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sibtainjaved804
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57 views2 pages

Complex Numbers - One Page Formula Sheet & Practice

This document provides a comprehensive overview of complex numbers, including their basic forms, operations, and methods for solving quadratics. It covers polar forms, multiplication and division in polar coordinates, De Moivre's theorem, and techniques for solving linear systems with complex coefficients. Additionally, it includes practice problems with solutions for reinforcement of the concepts presented.

Uploaded by

sibtainjaved804
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Complex Numbers — One‑page Formula Sheet &

Practice

1. Basic forms
• Standard (rectangular): z = a + ib ⇔ ordered pair (a, b)
• Real part: Re(z) =a
• Imaginary part: Im(z) =b
• Conjugate: z= a − ib
• Modulus: ∣z∣= a2 + b2
• Argument: arg z = θ = atan2(b, a)

2. Operations (rectangular)
• Add/Subtract: (a + ib) ± (c + id) = (a ± c) + i(b ± d)
• Multiply: (a + ib)(c + id) = (ac − bd) + i(ad + bc)
• a + ib (ac + bd) + i(bc − ad)
Divide: =
c + id c2 + d2
• Equality: a + ib = c + id ⟺ a = c and b = d

3. Solving quadratics / completing the square


For pz 2 + qz + r = 0 with p  0 :=

q q 2 − 4pr
z=− ±
2p 2p
If Δ = q 2 − 4pr < 0 write Δ=i 4pr − q 2 .

4. Factorisation patterns (real coefficients)


• Quadratic: If discriminant negative, factors are conjugate linear factors.
• Example: z 2 + az + a2 = (z + aω)(z + aω 2 ) where ω = −1+i 3 .
2
• Cubic: Use Rational Root Test (real root by inspection) then factor remaining quadratic.
• Sum/difference of cubes: z 3 − α3 = (z − α)(z 2 + αz + α2 ) .

1
5. Complex plane (polar form)
• Polar: z = r(cos θ + i sin θ) = r cis θ
• Conversions: r = a2 + b2 , a = r cos θ, b = r sin θ

6. Multiplication & division (polar)


z1 r1
Let z1 = r1 cis θ1 , z2 = r2 cis θ2 . - Product: z1 z2 = r1 r2 cis(θ1 + θ2 ) - Quotient: = cis(θ1 − θ2 )
z2 r2

7. De Moivre’s theorem

[r(cos θ + i sin θ)]n = rn (cos nθ + i sin nθ) (n ∈ Z)

Useful for powers and roots.

8. Solving linear systems with complex coefficients


• Solve by elimination, substitution, or matrix methods (Gaussian). Treat i as algebraic constant.

Tip: Separate real and imaginary parts into two real systems if helpful.

Practice Problems (with answers)


1. Factorise: z 2
+ 6z + 36 .
2. Factorise: z 3
+8.
2
3. Solve: 3z − 4z + 7 = 0 (complete square).
4. Convert: z = −1 + i to polar form.
5. Solve system: [\begin{cases}5x-(3+i)y=7-i\2-i)x+2iy=-1+i\end{cases}\] --- ### Answers 1. \
((z+3-3\sqrt3\,i)(z+3+3\sqrt3\,i)
6. (z+ 2)(z 2 − 2z + 4) = (z + 2)(z − 1 + i 3)(z − 1 − i 3)
7. 2 ± i 17
z=
3
8. r = 2, θ = 135∘ ⇒ z = 2 cis 135∘
9. x = 1 + i, y = 2i

Use this sheet for quick revision and as a printable one‑page summary.

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