Jayen Thakker 2025
Data Analytics Mentor
Data Analytics
SQL Functions for
Data Analytics
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Aggregate Functions
1. COUNT ()
This function returns the number of rows in a table or
the number of non-null values in a column.
Syntax :
SELECT COUNT(column_name) FROM table_name ;
2. SUM () :
This function returns the sum of all values in a numeric
column.
Syntax :
SELECT SUM(column_name) FROM table_name ;
3. AVG () :
This function returns the average of all values in a
numeric column.
Syntax :
SELECT AVG(column_name) FROM table_name ;
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4. MIN () :
This function returns the minimum value in a column.
Syntax :
SELECT MIN(column_name) FROM table_name ;
5. MAX () :
This function returns the maximum value in a column.
Syntax :
SELECT MAX(column_name) FROM table_name ;
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String Functions
7. CONCAT () :
This function is used to concatenate two or more strings
together.
Syntax :
SELECT CONCAT(String1, String2) FROM table_name ;
8. UPPER () :
This function is used to convert all character in a string
to uppercase.
Syntax :
SELECT SUM(column_name) FROM table_name ;
9. LOWER () :
This function is used to convert all characters in a
string to lowercase.
Syntax :
SELECT LOWER(String) FROM table_name ;
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10. LENGTH () :
This function is used to return the length of a string.
Syntax :
SELECT LENGTH(String) FROM table_name ;
11. TRIM () :
This function is used to remove leading or trailing spaces
from a string.
Syntax :
SELECT TRIM(String) FROM table_name ;
12. SUBSTRING () :
This function is used to extract a substring from a larger
string.
Syntax :
SELECT SUBSTRING(string, start_position, length)
FROM table_name;
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13. REPLACE () :
This function is used to replace a substring within a string
with a different substring.
Syntax :
SELECT REPLACE(string, old_substring, new_substring)
FROM table_name;
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Data Functions
14. CETDATE () :
This function returns the current date and time.
Syntax :
SELECT GETDATE() FROM table_name ;
15. DATEPART () :
This function is used to extract a specific part of a date,
such as the year, month, or day.
Syntax :
SELECT DATEPART(part, date) FROM table_name ;
16. DATEADD () :
This function is used to add a specified number of units
to a data or time value.
Syntax :
SELECT DA TEADD(unit, value, date) FROM table_name;
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17. DATEDIFF () :
This function is used to calculate the difference between
two dates or time values.
Syntax :
SELECT DATEDIFF(unit, start_date, end_date) FROM
table_name;
18 YEAR () :
This function is used to extract the year from a date value.
Syntax :
SELECT GETDATE() FROM table_name ;
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Jayen Thakker
Data Analytics Mentor
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