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Interview Preparation Data Science

The document provides interview preparation notes covering key concepts in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), SQL basics, and programming languages like Python and Java. It also discusses NoSQL databases, the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), common SQL interview questions, and essential software concepts such as APIs, IDEs, Git, and JSON. This summary serves as a concise guide for candidates preparing for data science and software-related interviews.

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itsankitmishra2004
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24 views2 pages

Interview Preparation Data Science

The document provides interview preparation notes covering key concepts in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), SQL basics, and programming languages like Python and Java. It also discusses NoSQL databases, the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), common SQL interview questions, and essential software concepts such as APIs, IDEs, Git, and JSON. This summary serves as a concise guide for candidates preparing for data science and software-related interviews.

Uploaded by

itsankitmishra2004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Interview Preparation Notes - Data Science & Software Concepts

1. OOPs Concepts (Object-Oriented Programming)

OOPs is a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects".

Key Concepts:

- Class: Blueprint of an object

- Object: Instance of a class

- Encapsulation: Hiding data

- Inheritance: One class inherits another

- Polymorphism: Same function behaves differently

- Abstraction: Hiding complex logic

2. SQL Basics

SQL (Structured Query Language) is used for managing databases.

Important Commands:

- SELECT: Retrieve data

- INSERT: Add data

- UPDATE: Modify data

- DELETE: Remove data

- JOINs: Combine rows from multiple tables

3. Python

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language used widely in data science.

Features:

- Simple syntax

- Large libraries (pandas, NumPy, scikit-learn)

- Used in ML, automation, web development

4. Java

Java is an object-oriented language used for secure and scalable applications.

- Platform-independent

- Used in backend, Android apps

5. NoSQL

NoSQL is used for unstructured or semi-structured data.


Examples: MongoDB, Redis, Cassandra

Use: Big data, high scalability

6. SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle)

Phases:

1. Requirement Gathering

2. System Design

3. Implementation (Coding)

4. Testing

5. Deployment

6. Maintenance

7. Common SQL Interview Questions

Q: Difference between WHERE and HAVING?

A: WHERE filters before aggregation, HAVING after aggregation.

Q: Query to get top 5 highest salaries:

SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 5;

Q: What is a primary key?

A: Uniquely identifies each record. Cannot be NULL or duplicate.

Q: Difference between INNER JOIN and LEFT JOIN?

A: INNER JOIN returns only matching rows, LEFT JOIN includes unmatched rows from left table.

8. Software Concepts

- API: Interface between software systems (e.g., REST API)

- IDE: Code editor like VS Code, PyCharm

- Git: Version control (git push, commit)

- JSON: Data exchange format (used in APIs)

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