CHAPTER 14
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Compendium
A. Introduction
B. Time
(i) Units of Time
(ii) Conversion of units of time
(iii) Conversion of days to hours, weeks to days, year to months
C. Clock
(i) Reading a 12-hour clock
(ii) Converting 12-hour clock time to 24-hour clock time and vice
versa.
D. Reading the Calendar
E. Solved Examples
F. Bird’s Eye View
G. Practice Yourself
H. Novice Level
I. Advance Level
J. Solutions
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A. Introduction
It was a lovely morning in Raj's hometown. He was
looking into the sky, suddenly his mother called
and asked him to come for breakfast in 10 mins. Raj
did not understand
at what time he had to eat his breakfast, so he got
confused. Now to help him out, we have to make him understand
how he can convert minutes into hours, hours into minutes,
minutes into seconds and hours into seconds, etc., so that Raj can
understand time.
Give a Thought:
After every 12 months, we celebrate the new year. In one complete
non-leap year, we have 52 weeks and 1 extra day. In one week, we
have 7 days. Now can you tell how many days are there in one non-
leap year?
Hurray! 365 days.
Just like every day, the sun rises and sets. The time keeps on moving.
Let us understand all these concepts by some fun activities and
objects around us?
B. Time
It is the period during which an
action or process happens or
takes place. A clock is used to
measure the time.
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(i) Units of Time
An analog clock has three hands.
1. The second hand
2. The minute hand
3. The hour hand
1. The second hand of the clock tells time in seconds. Seconds is the
smallest unit of time.
2. The minute hand gives the time in minutes. 60 seconds make 1
minute.
3. The hour hand shows time in hours. 60 minutes make 1 hour.
Some things take less time to happen, while others take
comparatively more time. Let us try an activity to understand this
concept.
Activity:
Let us observe and note down the things or activities that take more
time and less time.
Take Take hours Take Take days Take
seconds hours months
Take a selfie To finish To set To travel 1000 To grow a
the lunch curd km by bus tree
Writing your To take a To stitch Next Sunday to To build a
name bath a shirt come house
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(ii) Conversion of Units of Time
We have learned that
1 hour = 60 minutes
1 minute = 60 seconds
So, 1 hour = _____ seconds.
Think about it.
Did you say 3600? That is right. Well done.
Now, understand that if we want to convert hours into minutes and
minutes into seconds, we can multiply with the number 60,
whereas, to convert hours into seconds, we can multiply with the
number 3600.
Try and learn
Example 1: Convert 5 hours into minutes.
Solution: We know that hours can be converted into minutes by
multiplying with 60.
Therefore, 5 hours = 5 x 60 = 300 minutes.
Example 2: How many seconds are there in 25 minutes?
Solution: 1 minute = 60 seconds.
Therefore, 25 minutes = 25 x 60 = 1500 seconds.
Example 3: How many seconds constitute 2 hours?
Solution: Since 1 hour is constituted by 3600 seconds.
So, 2 hours is constituted by 2 x 3600 = 7200 seconds.
Example 4: Convert 6 hours 40 minutes in minutes:
Solution: For solving such kinds of questions, convert the given
hours into minutes and then add the given minutes.
We know, 6 hours = 6 x 60 = 360 minutes.
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Hence, 6 hours 40 minutes = 360 minutes + 40 minutes = 400
minutes.
Example 5: Convert 10 minutes 50 seconds to seconds.
Solution: We know that, 10 minutes = 10 x 60 = 600 seconds.
Hence, 10 minutes 50 seconds = 600 seconds + 50 seconds = 650
seconds.
(iii) Conversion of days to hours, weeks to days, years to months
Apart from seconds, minutes and hours, we have some bigger units
of time as well. Days, weeks, months, and years are some of the units
we will discuss in this section.
Do you know how many hours are there
in a day? It is 24 hours.
How many days makes a week? 7 days.
How many months constitute a year? 12 months?
• There are 4 complete weeks in a month.
• There are 52 complete weeks in a year.
Now, let us try to understand how we can convert days to hours,
weeks to days and years to months.
1. Days can be converted into hours by multiplying with 24.
2. Weeks can be converted into days by multiplying with 7.
3. Years can be converted into months by multiplying with 12.
Try and learn
Example 1: Convert 2 days into hours.
Solution: We know that days can be converted into hours by
multiplying with 24.
Therefore, 2 days = 2 x 24 = 48 hours.
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Example 2: How many days are there in 10 weeks?
Solution: 1 week = 7 days.
Therefore, 10 weeks = 10 x 7 = 70 days.
Example 3: How many months constitute 5 years?
Solution: Since 1 year is constituted by 12 months.
So, 5 hours is constituted by 5 x 12 = 60 months.
Checkpoint 1
Categorize the below-given activities into how long does it take?
Whether it takes seconds, minutes, hours or months to complete.
1. To crop a seed 2. To go to school from home
3. To change from winters to spring 4. To cook food
5. To watch a movie 6. To Wash clothes
7. Eat a banana 8. Grow a tree
9. Prepare a cake 10. Take a bath
11. Blink your eyes 12. Knit a sweater
C. Clock
A clock is a tool used to tell time. Clocks measure time in hours,
minutes and seconds clock have 3 hands and clock numbers are
represented In blue 3. Second’s hand 1. Hour
hand
The hour hand is a short hand.
An hour hand moves forward from one digit
to the next digit in the period of an "Hour." 1
Hour means 60 minutes
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2.Minute hand
The minute hand is a long hand.
A clock is divided up into 12 sections, and
each section is worth 5 minutes. One
complete round around the clock by the
minute hand means that one hour has
passed. (Because 5 x 12 = 60, and 1 hour has 60
minutes).
To read time from the clock, look at the hour
hand first. The arrow may or may not point
exactly at a number; in this case, look at
which number it was at most recently, then
you look at minute hand multiply clock
number with 5. It represents minutes. Now,
we will add in the hour and minute hands.
We are going to set our clock to 1 o'clock.
Reading a clock takes some time and practice, but after you learn
how, it is effortless to do.
Hour hand makes one complete rotation
around the clock every 12 hours (since there
are 12 clock numbers on each clock).
For example, if the hour hand is anywhere
between the 2 and the 3, you would take 2 as
the hour number. Even if it is close to 3 we say
2 only. If the minute hand is indicating to a particular clock number,
it means the number of minutes is a multiple of 5 (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 etc.).
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In the above figure, it is pointing to 9 , so
multiply 9 by 5 = 9 x5 = 45 minutes’
Pay attention that the hour hand is between
7 and 8. For counting the minutes, you would
count each clock number—remember to
count by fives—until you get to the 7 clock
number. You should have counted 35 minutes. In the example, the
minute hand is indicating towards 38. Usually, you would see that
it's at the 3rd mark after the clock number, so you would add 3 to 35
and get 38.
Thus, to tell the time, you would
say it is 1:38, which is read “one
thirty-eight.” We use two different
clocks to measure the time.
a. The 12-hour clock runs from 1 a.m. to 12 noon and then from 1 p.m.
to 12 midnight. Here a.m. is ante meridiem (means after midnight
but before mid-day) and p.m. is post meridiem (means after mid-
day but before midnight).
b. The 24-hour clock uses the numbers 00:00 to 23:59 (noon is 12:00
and midnight is 00:00). 24:00 is same as 00:00.
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(i) Reading a 12-hour clock.
In order to tell time, there are various key points to remember. Time
can be measured in seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months
and years. On a clock, we measure time in hours and minutes (and
sometimes in seconds also).
On a calendar, we measure time in days, weeks, months, and years.
(ii). Converting 12-hour clock time to 24-hour clock time and vice
versa.
Let us understand how we can do the conversion between 12-hour
clock and 24-hour clock time.
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Time
Lucy is going to shop. Her mother asked to get ready by 6 o'clock in
the evening. Right now, it is noon. So now we will be helping Lucy to
read time and get ready on time for shopping.
Clock
Minute
Hand
Hour Hand
Minute hand shows minute and hour hand shows hours. On the
above clock, the hour hand is on 10 and minute hand is on 7. So the
time is 7:07.
Are you ready for reading time?
Example 1::
Minute hand : 30
Hour hand : 2
Time : 2:30 o’clock
Example 2:
Minute hand : 15
Hour hand : 4
Time : 4:15 o’clock
Homework :
Read the time carefully and answer it correctly
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D. Reading the Calendar
How old are we?
Have you thought after 10 years what your age will be? How old is
your grandmother compared to you? or what will be your age if you
triple your present age? Let us find these amazing questions which
are arising inside you.
Hello everyone. I'm Rohan. I'm 10 year old in 2020. I want to know
what my age will be in 2030? How can I calculate?
Let's help Rohan.
His present age is 10 years.
So after 10 years, his age will be 10 + 10 = 20 years
Now can you tell me his age after 20 years?
Rohan's mother's age is 30 years old. Can you tell how much Rohan
is younger than his mother? Hurray! 3 times his mother's present
age.
Homework :
1. Ruhi was born in 2005. What will be her present age in 2023?
2. What will be Ruhi's age in 2030?
3. Ruhi's father is 35 years old in 2020. What will be his age in 2052?
Calendar
A calendar is a diagram that shows what day and month it is.
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Calendar magic
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Look at the calendar and answer the followings:
1. List the months which have 30 days and those which have 31
days.
2. How many weeks are there in November? Is it true for all the
months?
3. Draw a circle on these dates in the calendar:
• 26th January
• 15th August
• 25th December.
How many holidays are coming on Thursday?
Which festival comes at the starting of the year?
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Which festival comes at the end of a year?
In which month we have the most number of holidays?
Arrange these festivals in the order in which they come in the year.
1. _________________
2. _________________
3. _________________
4. _________________
5. _________________
6. _________________
7. _________________
8. _________________
9. _________________
1. List the months which have 30 days and those which have 31
days.
2. How many weeks are there in November? Is it true for all the
months?
3. Draw a circle on these dates in the calendar:
• 26th January
• 15th August
• 25th December.
Magic: 1
Make a square on the calendar just like the above and then realize
the magic.
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Join three numbers by drawing a line passing through the number
at the centre.
5 + 13 + 21 = 39
7 + 13 + 19 = 39
6 + 13 + 20 = 39
12 + 13 + 14 = 39
I hope you loved this magic. So why don't we have one more ?
Let us understand one more magic.
Magic : 2
Look at the 5 numbers. Add them together. I guess till this time you
have got the correct answer. Yes, the correct answer is 75.
Now magic time. Find the middle number. Right, that is, 15. Multiply
with 5. What is the answer?
You got 75. wasn't it good?
E. Solved examples
1. What is the time on Clock?
2. If short hand is on 3 and longer hand is on 12,
then the time is :
(a)2 O-Clock (b)12 O-Clock
(c) 3 O-Clock (d) 4 O-Clock
3. In how much time, minute hand completes 1 complete circle?
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4. Ken went to see a movie. It was 2 hours 15 minutes long. The show
began at 6 : 15 p.m. What time will it get over?
5. The duration of a movie is 3 hr 15 min. It starts at 6:30 p.m. When
will it end?
6. A school opens at 8:00 a.m. and closes at 12:45 a.m. How long does
it work?
7. The Cain family drove for 1 hour and 15 minutes and arrived at
their camping spot at 3:04 p.m. What time did the Cain family
start driving?
(a) 4:59 pm (b) 2:44 pm
(c) 2:39 pm (d) 2: 29
8. Choose the correct time: “ 10 minutes before 3:00.”
(a) 3:50 (b) 3:10
(c) 2:50 (d) 2:10
9. Bobbie went snowboarding with friends at 10:10 am. They
snowboarded for 1 hour and 43 minutes, and then stopped to eat
lunch. What time did they stop for lunch?
(a) 8:27 am (b) 10:53 am
(c) 11: 53 am (d) 12:53 am
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F. A Bird’s-eye view
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G. Practice Yourself
1. Priya left home for a picnic at 9 pm and came back after 2 hours.
At what time, according to the 24-hour clock, did she reach
home?
a. 1100 hours b. 1900 hours
c. 2100 hours d. 2300 hours
2. The clock shows the time at which Jack goes
to play. What is the time when he goes to
play?
a. 5: 10 b. 6: 10
c. 5: 50 d. 6: 50
3. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. The month before August is June.
b. The day after Monday is the same as the day before Thursday.
c. The month between November and September is October.
d. There will be 29 days in the month of February 2015.
4. Anju sent a birthday gift to one of her friends by courier. The
courier took 4 days to reach her friend's place. If the courier
reached exactly on the day of her friend’s birthday i.e. on
3/04/2021, then her friend’s birthday was on
a. 27 February b. 2 March
c. 1 March d. 28 February
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5. Which of the following clocks displays the time 50 minutes past
the time shown in the given clock?
a. b.
c. d.
6. How many dates are multiples of 5 in the month of February?
a. 4 b. 5 c. 6 d.7
7. A race begins at 9.30 am and is completed by one of the athletes
at 10.55 am. How many minutes does the athlete take to
complete the race?
a. 105 b. 95 c. 85 d.75
8. Neena started her school project on 2nd December and finished it
on 19th January. In how many days did she finish the project?
a. 21 b. 48 c. 49 d. 72
9. Mahesh returned from his school at 3:45 in the afternoon. How
can the time at which he returned from school be expressed in
24-hour clock time?
a. 345 hours b. 815 hours
c. 1545 hours d. 2015 hours
10. A 20- 20 cricket match was held at Feroz Shah Kotla Stadium,
Delhi, between two countries. The match started at 4:15 p.m.
Considering it was a 4-hour long match. At what time will it end?
a. 6:45 p.m. b. 7: 35 p.m.
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c. 8:15 p.m. d. 9:25 p.m.
11. Which of the following statements is true?
a. There are seven hours in a day.
b. July is the 5th month in a year.
c. There are 24 days in a week.
d. There are 12 months in a year.
12. What is the difference between the number of months in a year
and the number of days in a week?
a. 4 b. 5 c. 6 d. 7
13. Vikram goes to the office at 10:00 A.M. and returns back to his
home at 21:40. Which of the following represents the time when
he returns home?
a. 7:40 P.M. b. 9:40 P.M.
c. 10:40 P.M. d. 11:40 P.M.
14. If Sohan starts at 7:17 a.m. and takes 14 hours and 5 minutes to go
to place B, then at what time will he reach place B? One day.
a. It is 9:22 p.m.
b. It is 15:22 p.m.
c. It is 12:22 p.m.
d. It is 19:22 p.m.
15. Sam swims for 1 hour. Danika swims for 65 minutes. Which TWO
statements about the amount of time Sam and Danika swam are
correct?
a. 1 hour equals 65 minutes.
b. 1 hour is less than 65 minutes.
c. 1 hour is greater than 65 minutes.
d. Sam swam 5 minutes longer than Danika.
e. Danika swam 5 minutes longer than Sam.
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f. Sam and Danika swam for the same amount of time.
1. Priya left home for a picnic at 9:15 pm and returned after 2 hours
55 minutes. At what time did she reach home?
2. Rajat starts watching TV at 9:53 a.m. on a particular dSay. If he
continued watching TV for 2 hours 48 minutes, then at what
time, according to the 24-hour clock, did he stop watching TV?
3. Pranjal left Jaipur at 7:00 am and reached Bengaluru at 2:39 pm.
What is the duration of his journey?
4. How many quarter minutes does the second hand of a clock
complete to travel through from 6:15 p.m. to 6:18 p.m.?
5. In a particular locality, water is provided from 5:50 a.m. to 7:50 a.m.
and from 7:45 p.m. to 9:45 p.m. What is the total duration in a day
for which water is provided to the locality?
6. The following table lists the time spent by Swati in doing home
assignments for different subjects on a particular day.
Subject Time spent (in min)
Mathematics 45
English 35
Social science 30
Science 25
What is the total time taken by Swati in doing home assignments
for the four subjects?
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7. A primary school A was inaugurated on 5-12-2000 and another
primary school B was inaugurated on 7-01-2001. After how many
days of the inauguration of school A, was school B inaugurated?
8. The clocks give starting and finishing times of the winner of the
1200 m race.
What is the time taken by him to complete the race?
9. Ruhani left for the railway station at 5:27 P.M. via. auto in order to
catch a local train scheduled at 5:45 P.M. Due to some technical
problem in auto, she reached the station at 6:19 P.M. and missed
the train. The next train was scheduled exactly after 37 minutes
from the departure time of the previous train. Find out the
following:
(a) Total time taken by auto in reaching the station.
(b) Scheduled time of next train.
10. Ankush went to the movie hall to watch a movie which started at
3:15 P.M. If the duration of the movie was 148 minutes and 30
seconds, at what time did the movie end?
11. A bus can reach from city A to city B in 3 hours 25 minutes while
a train if it leaves city A at 9:15 A.M., reaches city B at 11:45 A.M.
Which mode of transportation is faster to travel from one city to
another?
12. Ramya leaves her home for the party at 6:15:37 p.m. and reached
the party at 7:02:56 p.m. How long does it take her to reach the
party?
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13. How many days were there in February 2003?
14. The school opens at 8:35 a.m and classes start at 9:15 a.m. Two
breaks are at 11:00 a.m. and 1:45 p.m. The school ends at 3:15 p.m.
The school provides after-school care for a maximum of 150
minutes after school ends. When is the last time for pick up?
15. The office closes at 5:00 p.m. But, the manager left 15 minutes
after the office closed and his secretary left the office 25 minutes
after the manager left. When did the secretary leave work?
16. Passengers usually board their flights 1 hour before the
scheduled take-off time. The gates are closed 15 minutes before
the takeoff time. Jack’s plane is scheduled to take off at 12:05 a.m.
If he reaches the gate at 11:45 p.m., can he board the flight?
H. Solutions
Checkpoint 1:
Categorize the below-given activities into how long does it take?
Whether it takes seconds, minutes, hours or months to complete.
1. hours 2. minutes/hours
3. months 4. minutes/hours
5. hours 6. hours
7. seconds/minutes 8. months/years
9. hours 10. minutes
11. less than a second 12. days/week
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Novice level
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
D C C A C B C B C C D B B A B,E
Advance level
1. 12:10 am
2. 1241 hours
3. 7 hr 39 min
4. 12
5. 4 hrs
6. 135 min
7. 33 days
8. 5 minutes
9. A. 52 min B. 6:22 pm
10. 5:43:30 pm
11. Train
12. 1 hr 27 min 19 sec
13. 28 days
14. The latest pick-up time is 5:45 p.m.
15. The secretary left work at 5:40 p.m.
16. The boarding time starts at 11:05 p.m. and the gate closes at 11:50
p.m. So, Jack can board his flight.
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