EBD_7166

8 Assertion Reason Question Bank

Chapter
Biological Classification
2
8. Assertion: Several ruminant animals contain
Directions: In the following questions, a statement
methanogens within their gut.
of assertion is followed by a statement of reason.
Reason: Methanogens help in the production
Mark the correct choice as: of methane from dung of ruminants.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and 9. Assertion: The nitrogen-fixing bacteria in
Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. leguminous plant nodules live as symbionts.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason Reason: Leg-haemoglobin synthesized by
is not the correct explanation of Assertion. leguminous plants protect bacteria.
(c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false. 10. Assertion: Bacteria are classified among plants.
(d) If both Assertion and Reason are false. Reason: They have cell walls.
11. Assertion: Bacteria do not always move with
1. Assertion : Bacteria are prokaryotic. the help of flagella.
Reason : Bacteria do not possess true nucleus Reason: Rotary motion of flagellum is employed
and membrane bound cell organelles. by flagellated bacteria for movement.
2. Assertion : Bacterial photosynthesis occurs by 12. Assertion: Some bacteria have the capacity to
utilizing wavelength longer than 700 nm. retain Gram stain after treatment with acid alcohol.
Reason : Here reaction centre is P-890. Reason: They are known as gram positive as
3. Assertion : Sandfly transmits Kala-azar. they are attracted towards positive pole under
Reason : In Kala-azar, the parasite damages the influence of electric current.
brain. 13. Assertion: Chemosynthesis is not carried out
4. Assertion : Escherichia coli, Shigella sp. and by autotrophic bacteria.
Salmonella sp. are all responsible for diarrhoeal Reason: Chemosynthetic bacteria trap the small
diseases. amount of energy released from inorganic
Reason : Dehydration is common to all types of compound's oxidation to use in the reactions
diarrhoeal diseases and adequate supply of that synthesize carbohydrates.
fluids and electrolytes should be ensured. 14. Assertion : Exotoxins are released by Gram +ve
5. Assertion : Gram-negative bacteria do not retain bacteria causing diseases to animals.
the stain when washed with alcohol. Reason: Exotoxins are proteins that react with
Reason : The outer face of the outer membrane WBC of animals.
of gram-negative bacteria contains 15. Assertion: All food chains will come to stand
lipopolysaccharides, a part of which is integrated still if bacteria disappear from earth.
into the membrane lipids. Reason: Bacteria are only associated with the
6. Assertion: Two kingdom classification was soil fertility and hardly any role for food chains.
insufficient. 16. Assertion: Broad spectrum antibiotics are
Reason: Majority of organisms failed to fall into produced by Streptomyces.
either of the categories in two kingdom Reason: Antibiotics can destroy microorganisms
classification. by inhibiting DNA replication or protein
7. Assertion: Archaebacteria are able to survive synthesis.
in harsh habitats. 17. Assertion: Bacterial cell wall is characterised by
Reason: Archaebacteria survive in extreme having mucopolysaccharides.
conditions due to the presence of peptidoglycan Reason: Acetyl muramic acid is an example of
in their cell wall. mucopolysaccharide.
Biological Classification 9

18. Assertion: Anabaena inhabits root nodules of 31. Assertion: Sporozoans may have silica shells
leguminous plants . on their surface.
Reason: Leguminous plants are an example of Reason: Shells of sporozoans render protection
symbiotic nitrogen fixation. from acidic environment of the host.
19. Assertion: Bacillus butschli is true bacterium. 32. Assertion: Euglena is called as plant animal.
Reason: Its cell wall is composed of acetyl Reason: Pellicle of Euglena is made up of
muramic acid. cellulose and not protein.
20. Assertion: Pili are motile appendages found in 33. Assertion: Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria
some bacteria. oxidise various inorganic substances.
Reason: These participate in conjugation. Reason: Energy released during oxidation is
21. Assertion: Cell secretion does not occur in used in ATP production.
bacteria. 34. Assertion: Slime moulds show alternation of
Reason: Golgi complex is absent in bacteria. generation.
22. Assertion: Methanogens are obligate Reason: The sporangia bearing slime moulds
anaerobes. represent haplophase.
Reason: Halophiles are salt loving bacteria. 35. Assertion: Trichomonas vaginalis causes
23. Assertion: Cyanobacteria are unicellular and infection only in women.
colonial. Reason: Trichomonas buccalis lives in the
Reason: Blue green algae are chemosynthetic. buccal cavity.
24. Assertion: Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic 36. Assertion: Erythrocytic merozoites form
autotrophs. gametocytes.
Reason: Cyanobacteria have chlorophyll a and Reason: Gametocytes are of two types - male
b similar to green plants. and female.
25. Assertion : Plasmids are double-stranded extra 37. Assertion: Plasmodium causes disease in female
chromosomal DNA. Anopheles mosquitoes.
Reason: Plasmids are possessed by eukaryotic Reason: Female Anopheles mosquitoes feed on
cells. plasmodial blood.
26. Assertion : Euglena is studied as an animal as 38. Assertion: Malarial fever appear at merozoite
well as a plant. stage of Plasmodium.
Reason :Euglena is more an animal than a plant. Reason: The infective stage of Plasmodium is
27. Assertion : Amoeba contains a contractile sporozoite.
vacuole. 39. Assertion: Schizogony is an asexual
Reason : It helps in both digestion and reproduction of female Anopheles mosquito.
osmoregulation. Reason: It takes place only in human liver cells.
28. Assertion : Chemosynthesis is an autotrophic 40. Assertion: Kingdom-Protista forms a link
nutrition. between monerans and and the other organism
Reason : Chemoautotrophs contain chlorophyll like plants, animal and fungi.
pigments. Reason: Protist reproduce sexually and asexually
29. Assertion: Cell wall of chrysophytes are by a process involving cell fusion and zygote
indestructible. formation.
Reason: Cell walls of chrysophytes have layer 41. Assertion: Euglena cannot be classified on the
of magnesium pectate embedded in it. basis of two kingdom system.
30. Assertion: The protoplasm of plasmodial slime Reason: Euglena is a plant due to presence of
mould is considered purest in the world. chlorophyll.
Reason: Protoplasm of plasmodium is 42. Assertion: The protist feeds on red blood
differentiated into an outer enucleated and corpuscles.
central nucleated portions. Reason: Amoebiasis is caused by Amoeba.
 EBD_7166
10 Assertion Reason Question Bank

43. Assertion : Aflatoxins ar e pr oduced by 54. Assertion: Actinomycetes are mycelial bacteria.
Aspergillus flavus. Reason: They are called ray fungi.
Reason : These toxins are useful to mankind. 55. Assertion : Symbiosis is fur nished by
44. Assertion : Saccharomyces ellipsoidens is mycorrhiza.
Wine yeast and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is Reason : In mycorrhiza, symbiosis is established
Baker's yeast. between fungus and alga.
Reason :Yeast is used to make dry ice. 56. Assertion: Viruses are nucleoproteins and lack
45. Assertion : Neurospora is commonly called cell organelle, etc.
water mould. Reason: Viruses are not considered organism.
Reason : It belongs to basidomycetes fungi. [AIIMS 1998]
46. Assertion: Phycomycetes are commonly known 57. Assertion : TMV is a virus which causes mosaic
as sac fungi. disease.
Reason: In phycomycetes, ascospore (sexual Reason : TMV has RNA as genetic material.
spores) are produced endogenously in sac like [AIIMS 2001]
asci. 58. Assertion: Mycoplasmas are pathogenic in
47. Assertion: Deuteromycetes is known as fungi animals and plants.
imperfecti. Reason: Mycoplasmas lack cell wall and can
Reason: In Deuteromycetes, only the asexual survive without oxygen.
phase is known. 59. Assertion: "Contagium Vivum Pasteur Fluidum"
48. Assertion: "Fungi imperfecti" does not show was coined by Pasteur.
alternation of generation. Reason: Pasteur found that virus infected plant
Reason: The diploid phase is present in only of tobacco can cause infection in healthy plant.
zygote. 60. Assertion: Virus is an obligate parasite.
49. Assertion: Rhizopus and Mucor are used in Reason: Virus is host specific.
liquor industry. 61. Assertion: In lichens, mycobiont and
Reason: These cause fermentation. phycobiont are symbiotically associated in algae
50. Assertion: Morels and Truffles are edible fungi. which is predominant and fungi is a subordinate
Reason: Ascocarps are edible. partner.
51. Assertion: Yeast are the best source of vitamin Reason: In this symbiotic association, the
B complex. fungus provides food while the alga protects
Reason: Ashbya gossypii is a filamentous yeast. fungus from unfavourable conditions.
52. Assertion: Claviceps produces lysergic acid. 62. Assertion: These lichens are upright and have
Reason: It is carcinogenic. pendulous organisation and are attached to
53. Assertion: Mushrooms are called fairy rings. substratum by a discoid structure.
Reason: Mushroom consists of two parts-stipe Reason: Fruticose are well branched leafy
and pileus. lichens.
Biological Classification 11

Solutions
1. (a) Bacterial cell is prokaryotic. It lacks true 8. (b) Methanogens occur in marshy areas where
nucleus and membrane bound organelles. they convert formic acid and carbon dioxide
2. (b) Bacteria utilize the wavelengths longer than into methane with the help of hydrogen.
700 nm for photosynthesis and the reaction Some of the methanogen archaebacteria live
centre is P-890 the reductant is NADH + as symbionts (e.g., Methanobacterium)
H+. In bacteria, donor may be H2S or malate inside rumen or first chamber in the
or succinate. stomach of herbivorous animals that chew
3. (c) Leishmania donovani causes kala-azar. their cud (ruminants, e.g., cow, buffalo) and
The parasite is transmitted by sandfly. The thus, helps in production of methane from
parasite lives inside the cells of liver, spleen, dung of these animals. These
lymph glands, white blood corpuscles and archaebacteria are helpful to the ruminants
inner wall cells of blood capillaries. In in fermentation of cellulose.
sleeping sickness disease, the parasite 9. (a) Rhizobium form a symbiotic association
damages the brain. with roots of leguminous plants producing
4. (b) E. coli, Shigella sp. and Salmonella sp. root nodules. These bacteria reside inside
causes diarrhoea. It is due to intake of the nodules and reduce atmospheric
contaminated water. nitrogen (N2 ) to ammonia. The fixed
5. (a) Gram negative bacteria contain nitrogen is taken up by plant. In return, the
lipopolysaccharide in its membrane. plant provides both nutrients and
6. (a) Two kingdom classification (founded by protection to bacteria.
Linnaeus) worked well for a long time. 10. (a) Plant cells are characterized by the
However, this system failed to distinguish presence of a rigid cell wall on the basis of
between the eukaryotes and prokaryotes, which they can be differentiated from animal
unicellular and multicellular organisms, cells. Hence, in two kingdom classification,
photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic bacteria were classified among plants.
organisms. Although, classification of However, according to the five-kingdom
organisms (into plants and animals) was classification, bacteria are grouped under
easily done and was easy to understand, kingdom Monera.
but a large number of organisms did not 11. (b) Myxobacteria do not have flagella and
fall into either category. Hence, the two move by gliding movement.
kingdom classification used for a long time 12. (c) The cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria
was found inadequate. contains alcohol-soluble lipid, while the cell
7. (c) Archaebacteria are special since they live wall of Gram-positive bacteria lacks the
in some of the most harsh habitats such as lipids and therefore resist decolourisation
extreme salty areas (halophiles), hot springs and retain the primary stain, appearing
(thermoacidophiles) and marshy areas violet. Gram-negative bacteria are
(methanogens). Archaebacteria differ from decolorized by organic solvents and
other bacteria in having a different cell wall therefore, take the counter stain, appearing
structure and this feature is responsible for red. Gram + ve bacteria are not attracted
their survival in extreme conditions. towards positive pole under influence of
Archaebacteria are characterised by electric current.
absence of peptidoglycan in their cell wall. 13. (d) Chemosynthetic bacteria are without
Instead cell wall contains protein and non photosynthetic pigments. For the
cellulosic polysaccharide. synthesis of their own organic food
(carbohydrates), they obtain carbon from
 EBD_7166
12 Assertion Reason Question Bank

CO2 of the atmosphere and necessary 23. (c) Cyanobacteria or Blue green algae are
energy from oxidation of inorganic or photosynthetic prokaryotes with
organic compounds, such as hydrogen chlorophyll a, carotenoids and
sulphide (H2S), ferrous compounds (Fe2+), phycobillins. They may be unicellular,
molecular hydrogen (H2), ammonia (NH3) colonial or filamentous and marine or
and nitrites (NO2–). terrestrial.
14. (a) Mostly pathogenic gram +ve bacteria 24. (c) Cyanobacteria (also referred to as blue-
releases exotoxins outside the cell thus, green algae) are photosynthetic
killing the W.B.C. and causing disease. autotrophs. They have chlorophyll a
15. (c) Bacteria play an important and dual role by similar to green plants.
disposing off the dead bodies and wastes 25. (c) In addition of bacterial chromosomes, many
of organism and by increasing the fertility bacteria have accessory rings of DNA
of soil. called plasmids. Plasmids are absent in
16. (a) Streptomyces is used for production of eukaryotic chromosome.
broad spectrum antibiotics where living 26. (b) Euglena is a typical example of
microorganism is capable of inhibiting or mastigophora. It is phytoflagellate as it
destroying other many types of microbes. possesses both chloroplast and flagella. It
17. (d) Chemically bacteria consists of is autotrophic in sunlight, but becomes
acetylglycosamine, acetyl muramic acid heterotrophic in dark. Because of its two
and a peptide chain of four or five amino fold nutritional abilities, it is usually studied
acids. All these chemicals together form a as a plant as well as an animal. But it is
polymer called peptidoglycan (= murein or more an animal than plant because of
mucopeptide). Some other chemical
(a) The absence of cellulose cell wall overlying
substances deposited on the cell wall are -
the plasma membrane.
teichoic acid, protein, polysaccharides,
lipoproteins and lipopolysaccharides. (b) Presence of centriole.
18. (a) Anabaena found symbiotically in the root (c) Reserve food is paramylon which is not a
nodules of many leguminous plants helps true starch.
in N2 fixation. (d) Response to various stimuli like an animal.
19. (a) Bacillus butschli is the Gram positive 27. (c) Contractile vacuole in Amoeba is a single,
bacterium and its cell wall consist of acetyl clear, rounded, pulsating structure which
muramic acid. is filled with a watery fluid and enclosed
20. (a) In some bacteria, nonmotile appendages by a unit membrane. It helps in the
called pili or fimbriae are also present. They osmoregulation and excretory activities.
take part in sexual reproduction, i.e., Digestion in Amoeba occurs in the food
conjugation. vacuoles. These are spherical species small
21. (a) Cell secretion occurs even in the and large, contain water and food in various
prokaryotic cells (bacteria) in relation to the phases of digestion. As soon as the
production of a variety of enzyme in the egestion of non digestible food occurs
medium. While, golgi complex and other through body, these disappear.
membrane bound organelles are absent in
28. (b) Chemoautotrophs developed the ability to
prokaryotes.
synthesize organic molecules from
22. (b) Methanogens are obligate anaerobes and
inorganic raw materials. Chlorophyll
used in biogas fermenters to produce
pigments are present in photoautotrophs.
methane. e.g. Methanobacterium,
The photo-autotrophs utilize the solar
Methanococcus, etc. Halophiles are salt
energy absorbed by them in synthesizing
loving bacteria as they are found in to live
organic compounds. Certain chemo-
in environments with a very high salt
autotrophs include green sulphur bacteria.
concentration.
Biological Classification 13

29. (c) Chrysophytes include diatoms and golden generation. It is a diplophase reduction
algae (desmids). They are found in fresh division which takes place at the time of
water as well as in marine environments. differentiation of resting spore. The resting
The cell walls are embedded with silica and spores germinate to produce the haploid,
thus, the walls are indestructible. uninucleate swarm cells or myxamoebae.
30. (a) Vegetative part of slime moulds does not The latter meet and fuse in pairs to form a
possess cell wall they either occur as free zygote. The haploid resting spores and the
living amoeboid mass of protoplasm swarm cells or myxamoebae represent the
(plasmodium) or aggregation of amoebae haploid or gametophyte generation.
(pseudoplasmodium). The protoplasm of 35. (b) Trichomonas vaginalis infects vagina of
plasmodial slime mould is considered as women and causes the disease known as
purest in the living world. It is differentiated leucorrhoea. In males, the parasite
into outer enucleated (hyaloplasm) and produces irritation in urethra. Trichomonas
central nucleated portions. At maturity, it buccalis resides in the buccal cavity, which
may contain several hundred to many is nearly harmless.
thousand nuclei. The protoplasm is 36. (b) Some erythrocytic merozoites enter fresh
vacuolated. RBCs and form rounded gametocytes
31. (d) Sporozoans are endoparasites. Their body (gamonts). The gametocytes are of two
is covered with an elastic pellicle or cuticle. types – (i) Smaller male gametocytes or
Thus, these do not have silica shells on microgamete and (ii) Larger female
their surface. gametocytes or macrogamete.
32. (c) Euglena is studied as plant as well as 37. (d) The sexual phase of the malarial parasite
animal. It is called plant animal. Plant occurs in the Anopheles mosquito. As the
characters of Euglena are presence of female Anopheles mosquitoes feed on
chloroplasts with chlorophyll and blood, only they can serve as vector hosts
holophytic (photosynthetic) nutrition in of malarial parasites. The parasite does not
presence of light while, animal characters harm the mosquito.
of Euglena are presence of pellicle which 38. (b) When the mosquito bites man, sporozoites
is made up of proteins and not of cellulose, present in the salivary gland of female
presence of stigma and paraflagellar body Anopheles mosquito are injected into the
(photosensitive structures), presence of blood of the man. The erythrocytic schizont
contractile vacuole (not found in plants) gives rise to merozoites. Malaria fever
and presence of longitudinal binary fission. occurs when schizonts in red blood
33. (b) Chemoautotrophic bacteria are able to corpuscles burst an d set free their
manufacture their organic food from contained merozoites and malarial pigment
inorganic raw materials with the help of (haemozoin) in the blood plasma.
energy derived from exergonic chemical 39. (c) Schizogony is an asexual reproduction in
reactions involving oxidation of an which schizont is formed. From the human
inorganic substance present in the external blood, sporozoites enter the liver cells. The
medium. The chemical energy obtained sporozoite grows in size to become a
from oxidation reaction is trapped in ATP rounded schizont called cryptozoite. The
molecules. latter divides to form cryptomerozoites. The
34. (a) Slime moulds exhibit alternation of cryptomerozoites formed during pre-
generation. The diploid plasmodium is a erythrocytic schizogony may enter the
sporophyte. Under certain conditions, it human RBCs to start the erythrocytic
bears sporangia. These sporangia bearing schizogony, while some of them enter new
plasmodium an d spore producin g liver cells to repeat hepatic (liver)
sporangia constitute the sporophyte schizogony.
 EBD_7166
14 Assertion Reason Question Bank

40. (b) Phylogenetically the Kingdom-Protista 48. (c) Fungi imperfecti is that group of fungi
acts as a connecting link between the where only the imperfect stage (asexual
prokaryotic Kingdom- Monera and the stages) is present. The only known method
complex multicellular kingdom- Fungi, of reproduction is by conidia (asexual
Plantae and Animalia. They reproduce reproduction). As sexual reproduction is
asexually and sexually. absent in this group therefore, diplophase
41. (c) Euglena is a green coloured, single celled is also absent.
organism, which moves like animals. Some 49. (a) Both Rhizopus and Mucor species are used
taxonomists considered it as a plant and in alcoholic fermentation. Both of these
included it in the plant kingdom on the basis produce a number of organic acids like
of chlorophyll, while other included it in citric acid, lactic acid and fumaric acid.
the animal kingdom along with the 50. (a) The frutifications of some ascomycetes,
flagellated protozoans because of the i.e., ascocarps are edible, e.g., morels,
locomotion by flagella. truffles.
42. (c) Person suffering from amoebic dysentery 51. (b) Yeasts are the best sources of vitamin B
has repeated blood mixed with slimy and complex. Riboflavin (B6) is obtained from a
foul smelling motions. The protist feeds on filamentaous yeast, Ashbya gossypii.
red blood corpuscles by damaging the wall 52. (c) A derivative of ergot known by name of
of large intestine and reaching the blood lysergic acid (LSD) is used in experimental
capillaries. psychiatry, as it is a hallucinogen.
43. (c) Aflatoxins, are produced by Aspergillus 53. (b) The basidiocarps or mushrooms often lie
flavus. Contaminated food is the main in rings. Therefore, these are also known
source of infection. This toxin causes as fairy rings. Each basidiocarp consists
aflatoxicosis which may lead to of two parts-stipe and pileus. The stipe or
haemorrhage and diseases of liver. stalk is fleshy while, pileus is umbrella-like
44. (b) The two common yeasts used by brewing cap of the mushroom.
industry are Saccharomyces cerevisiae 54. (a) Actinomycetes are mycelial (aseptate,
(Beer or Baker's yeast) and S. ellipsoidens branched filamentous) bacteria which form
(Wine yeast). In the baking or brewing radiating colonies in culture hence,
industry, CO2 is the useful product. It is formerly called ray fungi. e.g. Streptomyces.
collected, solidified and sold as "dry ice". 55. (c) Mycorrhiza represents mutualistic
45. (d) Neurospora belongs to class ascomycetes symbiosis between fungus and roots of
in which ascospores are produced in sac higher plants. Fungus helps in absorption
like asci . Neurospora is commonly called of minerals and water more efficiently and
as pink or red bread mould. It can be grown protect plant roots from infection. Fungus
easily in laboratory conditions so, used in also gets food from plant.
genetics experiments. 56. (a) Virus is a small infectious agent that can
46. (d) Ascomycetes is commonly known as sac- only replicate inside the cells of another
fungi. Sexual spores of Ascomycetes are organism. Viruses are not considered as
produced endogenously in sac like asci. organisms as they have no independent
Members of Phycomycetes are found in machinery.
aquatic habitats and on decaying wood in 57. (b) In TMV, the chromosome consists of single
moist and damp places or as obligate stranded, linear RNA molecule coiled into
parasites on plants. a regular spiral. TMV causes mosaic
47. (a) Deuteromycetes are commonly known as disease in tobacco and some other plants.
imperfect fungi because only the asexual 58. (b) Mycoplasmas or mollicutes are the
or vegetative phases of these fungi are simplest and the smallest of free living
known and perfect or sexual stage is either prokaryotes, they can survive without
absent or not known. oxygen. Mycoplasmas are heterotrophic in
Biological Classification 15

their nutrition. Some of them live as 61. (d) Lichens are symbiotic associations i.e.,
saprophytes but majority parasitise plants mutually useful associations between
and animals. The parasitic habit is due to algae and fungi. The algal component is
the inability of the most mycoplasmas to known as phycobiont an d fungal
synthesise the required growth factors. component as mycobiont, which are
59. (d) M.W. Beijerinek (1898) demonstrated that autotrophic and heterotrophic,
the extract of the infected plants of tobacco respectively. Algae prepare food for fungi
could cause infection in healthy plants and and fungi provide shelter and absorb
called the fluid as Contagium Vivum mineral nutrients and water for its partner.
Fluidum (infectious living fluid). Fungi dominate the relationship.
60. (b) Virus is an obligate parasite. It is inert 62. (c) Fruticose are well branched shruby lichens
outside the host cell. A virus does not grow, with upright and pendulous organization.
divide or reproduce like typical organisms. These are attached to substratum by a
Instead it multiplies by independent discoid structure. Plant body can be
formation of its parts using host cell's divided into prostrate, leafy and lobed
machinery and then assembly of parts to thallus.
produce virus particles. Viruses are host
specific.