(Write all these content on right side page)
Aim: Identify the acid radical and basic radical in the given salt.
Material Required: Test tube, test tube holder, test tube stand, spatula, burner
Preliminary Test:
Physical State: Crystalline
Colour-White
Solubility- Soluble in water in cold condition
Analysis of Acid radical:
Test Observation Inference
st
Salt + Dil. H2SO4 No effervescence or no 1 group acid radical is
evolution of gas absent
CO32-, SO32-, NO2- absent
Salt + Conc. H2SO4 Vigorous reaction carried 2nd group acid radical is
out and gas evolved present
Cl-, Br-, I-, No3-,
CH3COO-, C2O42- present
Salt + Conc. H2SO4+ dip Dense white fumes Cl- may be present
glass rod in NH4OH soln. appear
and holding it near the
mouth of Test tube
Confirmatory test for Cl-
O.S. + dil. HNO3 + White Precipitate Cl- is confirmed
AgNO3 Soln obtained
White ppt + NH4OH Precipitate completely
soln. dissolved
Analysis of Basic Radical:
Test Observation Inference
Salt + NaOH soln. + Heat Pungent smell Group 0 basic radical
present
Salt + NaOH soln. + Heat + dip White fumes appear Ammonium (NH4+) may
glass rod in conc. HCl & hold be present
it near the mouth of Test tube
Confirmatory test for NH4+
O.S. + Nesller Reagent Brown ppt appear NH4+ confirmed
Result:
Formula Name
Acid Radical Cl- Chloride
Basic Radical NH4+ Ammonium
Given Salt NH4Cl Ammonium Chloride
Chemical Reactions:
(Write these reactions on the left side page in front of the Confirmatory test of Cl-)
Reaction for Chloride Ion:
2Cl- + Conc. H2SO4 ----2HCl + SO42-
Cl- + AgNO3 ------ AgCl + NO3-
AgCl + 2NH4OH -------- [Ag(NH3)2]Cl +2H2O
MnO2 + 2Cl- + 2H2SO4 --------- SO42- + MnSO4 + 2H2O + Cl2
4Cl- + K2Cr2O7 + 6H2SO4 ------- 2KHSO4 + 2CrO2Cl2 + 4HSO4- + 3H2O
(Write these reactions on the left side page in front of the Confirmatory test of NH4+)
Reaction for Ammonium Ion:
NH4+ + NaOH ------- NH4 + Na+ + H2O
NH3 + HCl -------- NH4Cl
2[HgI4]2- + NH3 + 3NaOH ---------- [NH2.Hg2O]I + 3NaI + H2O + I-
