THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

MBEYA CITY COUNCIL ACADEMIC COMMITTEE

FORM FOUR MID TERM JOINT EXAMS 2025
CODE:013 GEOGRAPHY

MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A (16 Marks)
QUESTION (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii)) (ix) (x)
ANSWERS A B A B D C E B D C

@ 1 mark. (Total 10 marks)

LIST A (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)

LIST B F C A E D G

@ 1 mark. (Total 6 marks)

SECTION A: ( 54 Marks)
Answer all questions from this section
3 (a) solution
 Map distance = 15.6cm
 Ground distance = ?
 Map scale = 1:50,000
1km = 100,000cm
? 1:50,000cm
100,000𝑐𝑚(𝑥) 50,000𝑘𝑚
=
100.000 100.000

1
X = 𝑘𝑚 (0.5)
2

1cm = 0.5km
15.6cm = ?
1𝑘𝑚 15.6𝑐𝑚 𝑥 0.5𝑘𝑚
=
1𝑘𝑚 1𝑐𝑚

15.6 x 0.5 km
= 7.8km
(b) The relief of an area
 - The area has highland areas evidenced by contour lines which are
closely to one another in the south west (sw) And North West (NW)
of the Mapped area
- The area has loland areas evidenced by contour lines which are far
from one another.These are shown in the north East (NE) And south
East (SE) of the Mapped area
(c) Rocks found in the mapped area are:
 Igneous rocks evidenced by the presences of contour lines which are
closely to one another and the presence of rivers (River pangani) and
some seasonal swamp especially in the South West of the mapped
 Sedimentary rocks are evidenced by low land areas and contours
which are far from one another in the North East of the mapped areas
(d) major ways used to show height of the land in the mapped area areas are:
 Contour lines which are found all over the mapped area
 Spot height (1466) shown at grid reference 970854

(e).Annotated cross section from grid reference 960820 to 910880

4 (a) grouped bar graph
 4(b) The Nature of production
- Production of tobacco lose in 2002 and lose again in
2003 , due to either application of fertilizers or not
- Production of coffee lose in 2001 then fell the lowest
value in 2002 and maintained at this level in 2003 due to
either fertility of the soil or infertility of the soil
- Production of maize fell to the lowest value in 2001 but
increased in 2002 and increased in further in 2003
5. (a). Five instrument used in surveying the school compound
I. The chain . is used to measure short, linear distances on the field.
It is a tempered steel wire with length of about 20m or 30 m. It has links connected
by small
 rings in such a way it can be easily folded and carried in the field. The length from
ring centre to another is of about 200 mm

II. The tape (measuring tape) is an equipments used for taking linear measurements.
- Those make up of fiberglass and they are available in lengths of 10m, 15m, 20m,
and 30m Tapes like chain

III. Surveyors band:it looks like measuring tape. It is made up of steel strip which is
rolled into a metal freme with a winding handle.
- Used for linear measurement
IV. Ranging rod/ pole are poles required for marking stations during surveying

V. Pegs: are made from wood, or other materials and are about 50cm long.
- Used for making position during surveying

(b) Three procedures they followed during the survey process

i. Prepared the required equipment
ii. Carry out a reconnaissance survey of the area to be surveyed
iii. Determine stations and decide if you will end up with open or closed traverse
iv. Choose three people ( leader, booker and assistant)
v. Start taking measurement
 6 (a) The statement of problem for his research
- Conflicts between Farmers and pastoralists at Mbalali
District
(b) two sources of that research problem
- Villages/society of community at large
- Political matters
- Mass media like redio and tv
(c) Four research tools
- Interview
- Questionnaire
- Focus group discussion
- Observation
(d) Significant of conducting that research
- To find out the source of the problem
- To solve/find out the solution out of the problem
- To make evaluation of the problem occurred which have
direct impact to human being
- To test hypothesis and develop theories within the social
existing
- To search for new knowledge about certain social
phenomena or situation
7. A candidate is required to study carefully the given photograph and then answer the
questions that follow;
(a)- A candidate is required, with two (2) evidence from the photograph to name
the type of photograph
 The type of the photograph is ground level photograph. It is taken
from the ground perspective when the axis of the camera is placed horizontally towards
the object (s).
Reasons
 It shows the side or front view of the object
 shows large objects at the fore ground
 It shows objects whose sizes decrease from the fore ground to the back ground
 It shows a small horizon at the background
 The photograph is easily divided into three main parts, namely the
fore ground (front view), middle ground (middle view) and back ground (back view).
 The photograph is clear and does not show the top view.
 (b). The name of the dominant vegetation shown on the foreground of the photographed
area is cactus
(c) The climate of the photographed area is semi-arid/arid climate

Evidence
- The photographed area is characterized by very poor vegetation cover
such as, cactus, thorny plants and grasses. This suggests that the area
has high temperature, excessive evaporation and insufficient rainfall.
- Dry and course soils that support little plant life. This is caused by
extreme evaporation.
(d) A candidate is required in three (3) points to show how vegetations on arid/semi-arid areas
adapt to the climatic conditions.
 Most of the desert vegetations have long taproots which go far deeper to the water table
to collect water from the deep surface
 They have sunken stomata that reduce the loss of water through leaves.
 They have capacity to store water in their stem and leaves
 Other plants grow waxy or needle shaped leaves which reduce
transpiration (loss of water from plant through stomata) rate.
 Most of plants have strong water storage organs, hence help them to
survive.
Most of the plants are deciduous plants, thus they have a tendency of
shading off their leaves during the dry season in order to cut off the rate of transpiration
while flourishing back during the wet season
 Some of the plants have spines which usually store water
 The thorn found in most of arid areas and semi-arid deserts help them
to fight parasite vegetation.
(e) A candidate is required to name the feature which is appearing on the
background of the photographed area and describe the geomorphic process responsible
for its formation.
 The name of the feature is a hill.
Considering the fact that, a hill is a raised area of land that has a
distinctive summit which is generally more rounded than a mountain’s
summit.
In general, hills have an elevation of up to 1,000 feet (though there is
no longer an official elevation cut off value).
 The possible geomorphic process responsible for its formation is:
Faulting/ erosion/deposition. 01 mark
NOTE:
Faulting: is the change in elevation resulting from tectonic shifting.
Erosion: is the gradual wearing away of the surrounding land (large
land forms) such as mountains.
Deposition: is the gradual deposition of small p

1. The wave erosion features along the coast include

 Cliff
 Wave cut platform
 Cape and bay
 Caves
 Stacks
 Arches
 Blowholes
 Geos
The students should be able to describe and draw a relevant diagram

SECTION C (30 Marks)

Answer two (02) questions from this section

2. A candidate is required to write an essay by explaining any six (6) consequences of

rapid population growth on environment.

INTRODUCTION

The candidate is required to explain the key terms and give any relevant explanation.
For example;

MAIN BODY

A candidate is required to explain any six (6) consequences of rapid population

growth on environment.

Sample points:
(i) Land degradation.
(ii) Loss of wildlife habitats and biodiversity.
(iii) Deterioration of aquatic systems.
(iv) Deforestation.
(v) Environmental pollution
(vi) It causes depletion of non-renewable resources such as …
(vii) It increases the production of solid and liquid wastes.
(viii) Ineffective management of electrical and electronic equipment waste (ewaste).
(ix) Climate change.
 (x) Lack of accessible good quality water for rural and urban inhabitants.

(consider any six (6) relevant points and explanations and where necessary reference
of relevant examples.)

CONCLUSION
Any relevant conclusion

MARKS ALLOCATION

Introduction ........................ 1.5 marks

Main body ........................... 2 marks @ x 6 = 12 marks
Conclusion .......................... 1.5 marks
Total marks ............................................................................................... 15 marks

3. A candidate is required to explain six (6) challenges facing power and energy
harnessing in Tanzania

INTRODUCTION
A candidate is required to explain the key terms and give any relevant explanation.

For example:
Power and energy harnessing can be defined as the process of exploiting different
sources of energy for sustainable and effective use to meeting different uses
sustainably.

MAIN BODY
A candidate is required to explain six (6) challenges facing power and energy
harnessing in Tanzania.
Sample points:
(i) Negative impacts of climate change. For example, drought and its associated
negative impacts.
(ii) Inadequate capital for investing efficiently in the power and energy sector.
(iii) Poor technology to exploit different sources of power and energy. For
example, wind, bio gas etc.
(iv) Negative effects of human activities on energy and power sources. For
example, generation of hydro-electric power.
(v) Sabotage and vandalism on the power system infrastructure.
(vi) Poor and worn out power and energy infrastructures.
(vii) Lack of enough community awareness on power and energy.
(viii) Inadequate trained and skilled personnel with current technology on power
 and energy production.
(ix) Environment destruction. For example, destruction of sources of water has
affected much the production of hydro-electric power.
(x) Overdependence on hydro-power production which is susceptible to weather
changes.
(xi) Poorly coordinated policies that hinder private investors’ effective
participation in the energy sector to compete well with TANESCO
monopoly.
(consider any six (6) relevant points and explanations and where necessary
reference of relevant examples.)
CONCLUSION
Consider any relevant conclusion
Page 13 of 14
MARKS ALLOCATION
Introduction ........................ 1.5 marks
Main body…....................... 2 marks @ x 6 = 12 marks
Conclusion .......................... 1.5 marks
Total marks ............................................................................................. 15 marks
4. A candidate is required to explain the importance of mining sectors to the
economy
of Tanzania by giving six (6) points.
INTRODUCTION
A candidate is required to explain the key terms and give any relevant
explanation.
MAIN BODY
A candidate is required to explain six (6) importance of mining sector to the
economy of Tanzania.
Sample points:
(i) It contributes to government revenue in terms of taxes and royalties.
(ii) It contributes employment opportunities both direct and indirect.
(iii) It contributes to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
(iv) It stimulates construction of infrastructures. For example, roads to and from
mining centers.
(v) It stimulates the development of other sectors of the economy. For example,
agriculture sector.
(vi) It stimulates the development and growth of the service sector which in turn
has a significance contribution to the economy.
(vii) It provides raw materials for various industries. For example, building
materials. Gypsum is used as a raw material in cement industries.
(viii) It stimulates development and growth of towns which in turn have
significance contribution to the economy of a country through revenue
collection.
(consider any six (6) relevant points with explanations and where necessary
reference of relevant examples.)
CONCLUSION
Consider any relevant conclusion
MARKS ALLOCATION
Introduction ........................ 1.5 marks
Main body ........................... 2 marks @ x 6 = 12 marks
Conclusion .......................... 1.5 marks
Total marks ............................................................................................... 15
marks