Python Particulars for Class 12
1. Data Types:
- Numbers: int, float, complex
- String: Sequence of characters (e.g., "Hello")
- List: Ordered collection of elements (e.g., [1, 2, 3])
- Tuple: Immutable ordered collection (e.g., (1, 2, 3))
- Dictionary: Key-value pairs (e.g., {"name": "Ayesha", "age": 18})
- Set: Unordered collection of unique elements (e.g., {1, 2, 3})
2. Conditional Statements:
- if statement:
num = 10
if num > 0:
print("Positive")
- if-else statement:
num = -5
if num > 0:
print("Positive")
else:
print("Negative")
- elif statement:
num = 0
if num > 0:
print("Positive")
elif num == 0:
print("Zero")
else:
print("Negative")
3. Loops:
- For loop:
for i in range(1, 6):
print(i)
- While loop:
i=1
while i <= 5:
print(i)
i += 1
4. Functions:
def greet(name):
return "Hello, " + name
print(greet("Ayesha"))
5. Modules and Libraries:
import math
print(math.sqrt(16))
6. File Handling:
- Writing to a file:
file = open("data.txt", "w")
file.write("Hello, Class 12!")
file.close()
- Reading from a file:
file = open("data.txt", "r")
content = file.read()
print(content)
file.close()
7. Exception Handling:
try:
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print("Number is", num)
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input! Please enter a number.")
