Grade 7 Reviewer e.g. The night was somber, dark and gloomy.

Elements of Poetry -somber means “dark and gloomy”

1. Form-it refers to how poems are put together like 2. Synonym Clues
structure and design. The poem might use a word that means the same thing
-rhythm of the words as the difficult word to help explain it.
-how the lines are grouped into stanzas. e.g. The child was elated, filled with joy and
a. rhyme-repetition of similar sounds at the happiness.
end lines. -synonyms of elated are joy and happiness.
b. rhythm-pattern of stressed and unstressed 3. Antonym Clues
syllables. An opposite word or phrase is used to show what the
c. syllable-the number of times you hear a sound of difficult word means by contrast
vowel when pronouncing the words. e.g. Unlike the vibrant spring, the winter was dreary
d. stressed syllables-syllable that is pronounced and dull.
strongly than the other syllable. -antonyms of vibrant are dreary and dull.
e. meter-basic structural makeup of a poem. 4. Example Clues
2. Imagery-descriptive language that appeals to the The poem gives examples that help explain difficult
senses. words.
a. sense of taste e.g. The meadow was teeming with wildlife: rabbits,
b. sense of touch deer, and birds were everywhere.
c. sense of smell -Rabbits, deer, birds are examples of wildlife
d. sense of sight 5. Explanation Clues
e. sight of hearing The poem explains the difficult word in more detail
3. Line-basic unit of poetry, often characterized by its within the surrounding lines.
length, rhythm, and arrangement on the page. e.g. The ancient tree, a giant oak with sprawling
4. Sound Devices branches, stood as a sentinel in the forest.
a. Alliteration – same sound at the BEGINNING of the - Explains how ancient tree looks like.
words.
e.g. Silent stars softly shine AFFIXES
b. Consonance – repetition of consonant sounds Affixes are small word particles, usually only a few
from anywhere in the word, not only at the letters, added to a root word to change its meaning or
beginning. grammatical properties.
e.g. Waves rave, cave’s echo -UN + LIKE = UNLIKE
c. Assonance-repetition of vowel sound from ✓ -UN is the affix
anywhere in the word UNLIKE + -NESS = UNLIKENESS
e.g. Breeze through leaves, serene and free ✓ -NESS is the affix
d. Onomatopoeia- when words sound like the Types of Affixes
noise being described. 1. Prefix - Affixes attached to the BEGINNING of a root
e.g. The beep of the Jeepney. word.
5. Figurative language e.g. un + happy = unhappy (un is the prefix which means
a. Simile – the use of “as” or “like” in comparing not)
two different things. Note: adding the prefix un- to the root word changes the
e.g. His voice was like a soothing lullaby. meaning of the original word “happy”
She is as sweet as candy. Common Prefixes
b. Metaphor- direct comparison of two unlike Prefix Meaning Example Meaning of
things without the use of “like” or “as” Example
e.g. Her laughter was a cascade of golden re- again Rewrite Write again
sunlight. dis- Not, Dislike Opposite of like
c. Personification- When human traits and opposite
emotions are attributed to non-human objects, pre- before Pretest Before the test
animals, or abstract concept. inter- among International Among nations
e.g. The wind whispered secrets through the tele- distant Television Distant viewing
trees. 2. Suffixes- Affixes attached to the END of a root word.
d. Hyperbole- involves exaggerated statements or e.g. happy + -ness = happiness
claims not meant to be taken literally.
e.g. I am so hungry I could eat a horse.
6. Theme- the central idea, message, or underlying
meaning of a poem which are expressed through
recurring images, symbols, or motifs.

Context
A. Biographical Context-Life experiences,
backgrounds, beliefs, and personal history of the
author.
B. Historical Context- societal changes, political
events, or cultural shifts influence the poet’s
perspective.
C. Sociocultural Context- social, cultural, and
ideological environment in which the poem is
produced and received.

CONTEXT CLUES
Context clues in poetry are hints or pieces of
information within the poem that help readers understand
the meaning of difficult words or phrases

Types of Context Clues

1. Definition Clues
Sometimes the poem will provide a definition for a
difficult word right in the next line or within the same line.
TYPES OF POETRY (LYRIC, DRAMATIC, NARRATIVE)

AUTHOR’S PURPOSE
1. PERSUADE
If the poem changes your opinion and makes you
believe in the ideas conveyed, the poet persuaded
you to be at his/her side.
2. INFORM
If the poem gave you additional knowledge and
you learned from the author’s experiences, the
poet informed you through his/her poem.
3. ENTERTAIN
It is when the poem entertains you and the poet
touches your feelings or emotions.