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SQL Basics

SQL (Structured Query Language) is essential for managing and querying relational databases. Key commands include SELECT for data retrieval, WHERE for filtering, and JOINs for combining tables. Additionally, aggregation functions like COUNT and GROUP BY are used to summarize data effectively.

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29 views1 page

SQL Basics

SQL (Structured Query Language) is essential for managing and querying relational databases. Key commands include SELECT for data retrieval, WHERE for filtering, and JOINs for combining tables. Additionally, aggregation functions like COUNT and GROUP BY are used to summarize data effectively.

Uploaded by

suhaalluballu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL Basics in 2 Pages

1. Introduction to SQL
- SQL (Structured Query Language) is used to manage and query relational databases.
2. Basic Commands
- SELECT: Retrieve data from a table.
Example: SELECT name, age FROM students;
- WHERE: Filter records.
Example: SELECT * FROM students WHERE age > 18;
- ORDER BY: Sort results.
Example: SELECT * FROM students ORDER BY age DESC;
3. Aggregation
- COUNT(), SUM(), AVG(), MAX(), MIN()
Example: SELECT COUNT(*) FROM orders;
4. GROUP BY and HAVING
- GROUP BY: Summarize data.
Example: SELECT dept, AVG(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY dept;
- HAVING: Filter aggregated results.
Example: SELECT dept, COUNT(*) FROM employees GROUP BY dept HAVING COUNT(*) > 5;
5. Joins
- INNER JOIN: Matches records in both tables.
- LEFT JOIN: All records from left table + matched from right.
- RIGHT JOIN: All records from right + matched from left.
Example:
SELECT students.name, courses.title
FROM students
INNER JOIN courses ON students.course_id = courses.id;
6. Keys
- Primary Key: Unique identifier of a record.
- Foreign Key: Links two tables together.
Quick Tip: Always test queries with LIMIT before running on big data.

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