What is Word Formation? A prefix is a group of letters added at the beginning of a word to change its meaning. itis one of the most common methods of word formation in English. Prefixes do not stand alone; they must be attached to a root or base wore to form a complete word. For example: + Un+happy = Unhappy + Re+write = Rewrite + Dis + agree = isagree | each case, the prefix modifies the meaning of the base word: « Unhappy means “not happy.” : '* Rewrite means “write again.” + Disagree means “not agree. . un- (unfair, unclear) : in- _ im- (incorrect, impossible) . dis- (dislike, disapprove) rofix of Number + bi- (bicycle - two wheels) + tri (tricycle ~ three wheels) ‘+ mono- (monologue — one person speaks) + What is a Suffix? + Asuffix is a group of letters added at the end of a word to change its form or meaning. tis an important part of word formation in English, + Suffixes cannot stand alone; they are always added to the end of a root or base word to form a new word. Adding a suffix can change a word's part of speech (noun, verb, adjective, adverb) or its tense, number, or degree Examples of Suffixes: 4, -er (person who does something) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner© Teach > Teacher wits > Writer : 2. -ful (full of) ’ ‘ © Hope > Hopeful Joy > Joyful 3. -less (without) © Home -> Homeless Fear -> Fearless © Aeness (state or quality) Kind} Kindness Dark -> Darknes 4. -ly (ina way) © Quick > Quickly SLOW —SLOWLY 5. -ed (past tense) o Play -> Played o Watch - Watched 6. -ing (present participle) o Read -> Reading Swim -> Swimming What is Compounding? ‘0 or more separate words are combined a word formation process whe! sw word is called a compound word Compounding is s to create a mew word with a unique meaning. Th For example: Sun light Sunlight Tooth brush Toothbrush Note book Notebook TYPES OF COMPOUND WORDS Closed Compounds 4 «Words are joined together without sPa 2% Examples: Blackboard, Bedroom, Tooth! ° @ scanned with OKEN ScannerHyphenated Compounds Words are Joined using a hyphen (. © Examples: Mother-in-lay, Part-time, Check-in © Open Compounds Words are + Example Written separately but used as one meaning, S_ Ice cream, Post office High School. What is Conversion (in Word Formation)? Conversion, also known as zero derivation, changes its part of speech (like from a noun changing its spelling or form, is a word formation process in which a word toa verb or from an adjective to a noun) without In simple words: Conversion means using a word in a new grammatical role without adding a prefix or suffix. Examples of Conversion: it Part of Word Orisinal Part of New Part of saline et Speech Speech ‘Google Nolin Verb 1 will Google the answer. hat’. NOOR Verb Please email me the file. Can you water the Water Noun Verb plants? Clean Adjective Verb Let’s clean the room. He handed me the key Verb ys. Hand Noun He went for a run. Noun Run Verb ypes of Conversions: 1. Noun Verb Bottle > We bottled the 2. Verb-> Noun Run -> He went for a rul Adjective > Verb Empty > Please empty the @ scanned with OKEN Scanner3. Adjective > Noun ° Poor -> The government helps the poor. What is Clipping? (In Word Formation) Clipping is a word formatios simpler word, without chan, The shortened word is calle process Where a longer word is shortened to form a new, ging its original meaning. ‘da clipped word Ad (Advertisemend, Photo (Photograph), Phone (Telephone), Lab (Laboratory), Exam (Examination), Math (Mathematics), Fla (Influenza), Gym (Gymnasium), Copter (Helicopter), Fridge (Refrigerator) Spec (Specification), Gas (Gasoline), Fan (Fanatic), Doe (Doctor), Vet (Veterinarian), Demo (Demonstration), Info (Information), Mic (Microphone), Plane (Airplane), Typo (Typographical error) What is Acronym, r An acronym is a word formed by.t' -ing the first letters of a group of words and combining them to create a new, sHpprter word. Acronyms are commonly used to make long phrases easier to remember am! quicker to say or write. For example, NASA stands for National Aeronauties and Space Administration, and UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. These are pronounced as regular words, not fetter by letter NASA (National Aeronautics and $pace Administration), UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), COVID (Coronavirus Disease), RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging), AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome), SCUBA (Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus), PIN (Personal Identification Number), SIM (Subscriberlentity Module), Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity), ZIP (Zone Improvement Plan) “w Topic 2 Root words from foreign language andi use in English, Sof words. Many English words come from Greek, These root words carry specific of new words in English by adding prefixes Port (carry) - Transport, Dict (say/speak) — Dictate, Vid/Vis (see) ~ Video, Vision, Visibl @ scanned with OKEN ScannerScrib/Script (write) - Describe, Manuscript, Subscribe; Terr (earth) — Territory, Terrain, Terrestrial; Temp (time) — Temporary, Tempo, Contemporary; Struct (build) — Construct, Structure, pestruction; Form (shape) — Formation, Transform, Uniform; Act (do) — Action, Actor, React, Activate Many English words are derived from Greek root words, which help us understand their meanings and origins. For example, the root “photo” means light and is found in words like photograph, photosynthesis, and photocopy. The Greek root “tele” means far and appears in telephone, television, and telescope. Another root, “graph”, means write and is used in autograph, paragraph, and graphics. The root “geo”, meaning earth, is seen in geography, geology, and geometry. The root “bio”, meaning life, appears in biology, biography, and biodegradable. “Chron”, meaning time, can be found in chronology, synchronize, and chronicle. The root “therm”, meaning heat, is used in thermometer, thermal, and thermostat. Another example is “micro”, meaning small, which we see in microscope, microorganism, and microchip. The root “auto”, meaning seff, is found in autograph, automatic, and autonomy. Lastly, “hydro”, meaning water, i used in hydrology, hydropower, and hydraulic. French words used in English Fiancé / Fiancée - A man/woman Wie is engaged to be married Cuisine - Style of cooking or kitche Entrepreneur — A person who stal business Ballet — A classical dance form Café — A small restaurant or coffe P, Means coffee, @ scanned with OKEN Scanner