Ch-09:Ray Optics
Lect 27
Today’s Goal
Simple Microscope
Microscope:
A microscope is an optical instrument which
magnifies (increases the apparent size) of an
object by forming a large image.
With Naked Eye
1. To see a small object clearly, we bring it closer to our
eye.
2. However beyond a certain limit, the object is not
distinctly visible. The minimum distance for clear
vision of object is called Least distance of distinct
vision (D)
3. For an average human eye, D=25 cm (Nearpoint).
4. So, with naked eye ,object appears largest when it is at
25 cm from eye.
Visual Angle
The size of image on retina ∝ Angle subtended by
object at the eye
(Visual Angle)
4. With naked eye, maximum Visual Angle(maximum
size of image)can be obtained at near point D=25
cm.
5. This is Maximum Magnification possible with
naked eye. To further magnify the object,a
microscope is used, which increases the visual
angle.
Magnification produced by Microscope
Simple Microscope→A Convex Lens
So summary for simple Microscope
Max 𝑫 Strained
Magnification
MD=1+
𝑫 𝒇 Eye
M=
𝝁𝒐 Min 𝑫 Relaxed
Magnification M∞= Eye
𝒇
𝑫 𝑫
≤𝑴≤𝟏+
𝒇 𝒇
Q) A detective uses a converging lens of focal length 10 cm
to examine the fine details of some cloth fibres found at the
scene of a crime.
a) What is the maximum magnification given by the lens?
b) What is the magnification for relaxed eye viewing?
Q) A thin convex lens of focal length 5 cm is used as a simple
microscope by a person with normal near point (25 cm).What is
the maximum magnifying power of the microscope?
a) 5
b) 6
c) 10
d) 30
Q) A man with normal near point (25 cm) reads a book with
small print using a magnifying glass: a thin convex lens of
focal length 5 cm.
i. What is the closest and the farthest distance at
which he can read the book when viewing
through the magnifying glass ?
ii. What is the maximum and minimum angular
magnification (magnifying power) possible using
the above simple microscope?
Note: M can be increased by decreasing 𝒇 ,
but practically Simple Microscope can give
M=9X or so, for further magnification we
use a compound microscope
