via ge 2 | Machine Elements aa a Tntvnda an 3 Masiine Design + Design. means 40 crcote ake New oy arrange existing things Ina new, way Jorder sabi De Sadl Neca of ssecicly. LE is Aekined as the: use of scientific _Prineiples , Technical inkermation: and imaginakion in the deseviption of a machine oy Mechanica) system te perkourn specikic dunctiens with Manimum econems £ elgicienc, Seren Warswe = Machine design contains the following impertont collie: spas Veet artes l i a! ay eee Principles s¢ basic 2 engjneenng Scier pam o ie PRL a mathematics, ste tie 7 Oils therrnedynamcs and heal Hanalev 1 Vibration 2 Luid mechan! jO The designer har technica) inkermebion of the basic” da} elements suchas tuctening devices’, chain, belt, acar an drive |, bearing e ailse als , gaskets 1 Spring , shits shies ee coupling £se on. Beret a * —@ The designer uses his Ski & imagination +s Produce = a_conliguiation which js a Cembitizhion of these Dee eae leant ae. UPS gid { 7 See ee othe design Process consists 0% description ob machine in the torn ot dra win ok assembly p individ uel cornponente. v t» | Basic Procedure of Machine Design. ee i __[Resagnition al Heed ee ae aera ee oY a fo valuation =| Ties ca ae L_Pesentabion et | 4 Recognition of, peur oe ae aen process ol: ts a) with iden hihi cab fon “of ny Recognition. of need is Hne__out come ok the quirement foreg. the peel. +5 de ls something abou} 4 the suspen] Sion. system, ak the vehicle J, oe Ma} come auf of the chiscornder | te the Passengers, ar need to a seme thing about th, Vehicle {ngine ma Come aut ak. the Pollution level 2 jf. millage, ia 2. DeLinibien, of r© blem * Dektnitien of include al Sat input ences, ib fle m Ta «ok the SYS) consbrey fre: design the a le te Wee mur} Fen pension Sys on the | aykm 2 Hye, rakes} ad, _Menadachy% a2 Synthesis s_Synthesis 3 the process ok cenfriviy a scheme ara methed of accamplishig agiKn uy Passe. = SSS aie process ei cx aking or selecting the centiquration er mechanism ot the syskm 1 Toa ker \ 1 se, 2 shape, ok the Components —_ - The syntesis_canne b talee place. without analysis A, Sa OAH GS OREN AT Phe Process ok _carlhcally examining an _alrady extisting ov pro posed 2sign) 10 order +e ‘udge its suite br ty ie the . _ Te 5. a + a = «Analysis defiqymi nes whe thex the penfar mance complies Gan the pequinments..- All’ passible soly pion Qn analy seal_anel -opHmum ene 1s selec Pech At nis stage Some Hme JE may be necetsoy to moe Ny the peeblem _ dekini Han jE Be desible se] "eaoh Eyaluaticn > Evaluation involves _ the . Yes Hing af prototype tn_the laboratory ‘oy _teskin by cxca}ing the medel “ork Camputer. evaluakion dies the casi bility of the system Prsentel bi Git design i poeseoherd with the help gihena ritten doreaments, ‘inehialing Jeng e uith Hae he}p ek Solid nedleling an the Computera ee x Design Considerations “-.sDesign eensiderabion oxen] Yhe Characteristics which indluence- the desig | ol the elements or perha ps, the enhx system: Son cg..in the design of 4 spring sto mast t srtant de pr Considerations ax! sbingth 4 Sti Some impe-tzin, design Conside 2etlon ax as Glows | ase ae 3 hae dip Y Rin chity linear angular dekleckion under the Tealing ox iin roma @ aelesly Debabilit thak a cempensat sycture will feksim vita | B Cost US Preduction i erabin. thai nten ance disposal S ® Weight 2 mvinimur Possible agi ced a D Ergonemie.s + Ergonomics is dekined as the _scientifj shud o% the mnan- machine - Ulorlkiing ervirs nmeat : rae as application of anatomical, phasiabl a, sy chplogical prinespel te So) t _ arising 0 thie eet ane al ee a Contormance +o. cL « 2 — e shel seen ds + National 4 Inter nabionel a sembly '- Lacilitates che winieny - © Fic a wea ihn heel oped e Sur ink Top reun URAC Kinch , adequate! lubyicabing he ola The wear can be atduted bY} ‘ Nar) ness A increasing the Sur face @ Like a Vibebion = DD Therm! Considercbion- A - “able ° “AN Machine eleme able to) withstand the temperahi to Sea ae Lubricahion Oleh id abe Sliding. f Pilling mation © Moinknance* , easily paired Che)5 @ Flexibility 2 tedificabion con be Eabsied oub wit Mininoun te @ Sie & Shope @ shinese® Lndtisnal srquilment tee in springs a-machine element should be equi. GD Carve etbsh eld bbe esd eich’ 01s tonce This achived by prepe selection of Mabeda) aBapking the ‘surtace toahing OO Narge Ps pe di BAG eT S Monday} 23/i2]2e3 * Faekor Val tsale ly While alesigning & cSmponent, if is nedessary cto PreVide sulicient oegerve sheath in case of, an aceide The fuckory ak selely i defined Bs. POU 2h2e 0" swable s bess PE sheee shecs 6 Bittle D Type of Loadin stabic, Variable or shock @ dit pa As $05 4 Dimensions Tmpntante ak thal machine part in complete machin| 2) 4 - o @ ue Seiten PETS 1 TayFailune Under, Stetic loading > Tom #¥ Theories of Failure i aed ilies bab. chine companent tu» types « : fies Pe component is subjected 42 @.uniewial to Hoe 4uilue because the se ek compavel_divcety Aianial shessec “The components subjected _tp_bianiial_e« Diaas and sheat sbess ax _diLeoint theories «f.teiluut Maximum principal: sh 1 & American Welding Sachefy!- Aws Amedeon Natisna) stonde-ds Tnstitute’. MSE Tnternahionel Standards 7 a a et Tso | > Tobernakionel Bugecue ok Welghts pint ‘i * sechin Potaking mashine clementy cinular.i c20Ss Scchin , which seslopied fpansmiesion. clements Hke|.gears, Pulleys Sprockets and bencmits power The term bansmission shett Usially chess ts q =e Some specitic colegaries: of: transmissian shal ope .as_Agllous L iS Aoile = “supports 2ofabing clements like wheels, hoisting drums on. eps, sheaves and which is itt he Hae “Totising. by means ot bearings. { Av _ortle. js Subjeeted to\ bending mement die ts_tans verse “load _like bearing azactions 2 docs tab dansmik any fond tasclul. torduc gar anle of Yalluosy Wagan, 0? the auale. also. Dangmil arerque auto ibiles Gare axle PoGpindle.THisia she} sotahing halk. Spndie ope Used iniatt machine tots such ie phe cbive Shab ok 4 lather spindle oa tiling Machine ® Countershelt > T+ 13g Secondary) chalf hich is _ civ Abe\ main, shalt and Aven which the. Power vs suppitell Amigeraching camps ok Gounteeshelh s dsen bam’ Hy ae et cane skew Par ok When the ige Ll ie Subjected ty Sntin| tensile 4 she tensile Stee — Pp. Moment@ When shoft is _subjected_te_ pwr torsional moment Mav _Mald)- Lee 7 a When shekt is subjected te combination of, leads, the Prind pel _sbess £ principal shew sb OA = ae AR 27 = 7 Ni) Joint DB. psint intersection of, DB LOA is & v) Conshuet mohp's: circle with Eas center £ EG as vadius. The principal shear shiss <3 gia by 6 @-0F= o+t =G 1b FeSO so = ® Maotimmum. Principal. Sbess Theory ” errs | The _mavimum principal shes is Since = | cubjeckéd Yo Bending “and tensioned momen ts nf atisl Korge) {tem \> 6 (3h Crt) — + Ge a [Me thors va | @ The permissible value of, maximum principal .s Press 15_gilany by 3 ety ee =" 344 aw ised +0 determine sholt diamehr on the basis ak principe shes: theary fete pineal ae thee gives good pxdictians S Maximum bess shear chess theory = Substiduting 24" @ £O in we) | Tew = JE)" f i i Ton Le Uintige < g : Aécerding $0 mavimum shear Sy = 05 5 shes theary - ® "Peri ble lve «lfm, ea. shes is . To Gm 23eq? 19, £12 ax Used te determine shaft, diame 0” the Basis ef Manimum’ Shear sbess theory Maximum. shear chess thea” gitzs aed prdictien Lev ducH fe. maberial t j «Equivalent “Tovsional_mament LG) + Eqivaleat Gerding toment | M> +01)" + (Me ¥ Design sf Holiata Sultan SBkngth Basis The Wefiapal Shear sbess and ending shrssex in. the shob-cone sey tig lei The dis bibution of bending shesses and torsional shear sbus is shawn in Wg. DH Sobsered that He torsional shear sbess as- wellas bending sbisses gu _zer ab the shakt Center. © JES) and ne s{h5p6l; small “in Ihe isin ek the shalt center, hex the oadius is small. As tne _oaclius Increase, the redisting sbesses due to cxterne| bending and ters mom. inenase. Therefor, outer ‘aber sax mere, in Dedisting He ap plicd mements “fla Shab, Pe cel, fx vmeel ¢ pad ak lage radius bq fellow shalt s an sheer ‘ah solid shun oe te pe a13 far The deigns| hollow shalt consist of debeamingng tHe, oar inner {outer diamelvs. om Shenghy NALA, Consideration Be ¥ Suh shakts ax subjected te ovtial tensile tore bending Moment, er combination of these leads a lamer Inside cliameter ok the follow shalt Unm) | oukside diameter ok the hollow shalt (mm) | akio ok inside diameby to subside diameter U hin shelf ts subleded fe amie ba ° ea red) =, LA ie) kets] oy When shalt is subjeded to bending Moment , =| M Boe ae Fer Pligg erdlac sous sechion 7 , F a a Ta Cadet)Sia ene 32 Mb - =. ee? de EY i ee When shekh is cubjectel > pur Forsionel_momint M ple Bip = Fe 4 E ov hollows! circular teess section i) ds = ed") 2 Cost eS Shab | sc subjeded fe Combination of auiia “Sota hament & Resa ee a aye ineThe principal shes 61 4 pot pal Shear sbuss “Loe pe hy ey” @4 Bem ex? 7 a= (S) +) Ve “pret yh i [S = 8 The hollow shekt can be designed on the basi ok, _tasimam prihtipsl abc theon| ov Imenirum gh Shes treo ® Manirnum imum principal chess tear Subshihu hing ca” B18 he? @ c, = (Asti (tee 4% 7 yi eye . te rats 2) Wuked ay)t msU-8), = qyseay SMe UI + Uae] GE { An Se Ph (fe) aie nascar Me te - -O| ig dekerminek the@ Mavimum shear bis the Substihutiny eq” ee in 2AGMa 4" @ eee aaa rene mek Was)? OP - =) Es 1é ee wes Tae = aay LC Mes Ye 2 @- Als SA eee ses igh MCs SP (fees SPR) SY = + Design of Hollows Shalt 09 torsional Rigidity | Basis a | The Ean ‘ellous shalt on the basis of tor ~ Slonal rigidity 16 governed by the permissible angle olf hous per meter length of shat Me 6 Grd ar $e halls circular - thetf Cras: Section po Cotes es ra Bs Saas ® a Gates fo)Example 24 Quen Syt = 400AI/mm™ Fs = 3. For belt drive , maximum tension = 2-2 Ady wz 0.24 © Ie” Peaysissible sheoy best Sey 0.5 5yh 5 (408) Kae Tey feo a Now: Torsional _mament Ps 25 ky = 2600 pint - one Je hee PL ie, Ser inca Tea ody Fe He shel sia dy on th pe shit gen Mes (4 -P) & = (Asoo 114649) xa 438363:5. Ay mm Bending mamea (Pa = Py) Ry = Mp (P.-P,) & U25) = $3042.56 f (B= Ps) = 2697.06 a C gi Be ue 2 ea ee aren ad Py= So00n & \Py 24g 4g) ;aL iplin. This mechanical clement w he Sad which is in twe halies Funckien '. 'S Tt shoul conneet 07 align tue heuld print Shock. leading + should Prapesly align the center Ther should ns} be loss ef powes in coupling ) Torque De : mission Should be -smecth 4 aid Board Rigid Flange Couplings * 2 pate anges ax Calcujohe by standar| psportionS. in terms ok shaft ‘diame Yoor engineering have Used such empirical iermalac bev Many Years Usthaut any Problem becauce shess_analisis i.s"iniahed. tat ow Ee dy 2 Ouse diame ok hub f= —length sb Bibs av Gelkisenb de bie Hien bd Flanges "gu IR ee oe nj Tm, = APR "Hes gt, hy Me