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Science

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20 views2 pages

Science

Uploaded by

Archana Arun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Science (Physics – Motion & Laws of Motion)

Physics is the study of matter, energy, and how they interact. One of its most important
areas is mechanics, which deals with motion and forces. Motion describes how objects
move, while the laws of motion explain why they move in particular ways.

🔹 Motion

1. Types of Motion

 Linear Motion: Motion in a straight line. Example: a car driving on a highway.

 Circular Motion: Motion along a circular path. Example: Earth orbiting the Sun.

 Rotational Motion: Motion around a fixed axis. Example: a spinning top.

 Periodic Motion: Repetitive motion at regular intervals. Example: pendulum swing.

2. Distance and Displacement

 Distance: Total path covered (scalar).

 Displacement: Shortest straight-line distance between initial and final position


(vector).
Example: If you walk around a square and return to start, distance = perimeter,
displacement = 0.

3. Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration

 Speed = Distance ÷ Time (scalar).

 Velocity = Displacement ÷ Time (vector).

 Acceleration = Change in velocity ÷ Time.


Example: If a car increases its speed from 20 m/s to 40 m/s in 10 s → acceleration =
(40 – 20) ÷ 10 = 2 m/s².

🔹 Newton’s Laws of Motion

1. First Law (Law of Inertia)

 A body remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external


force.

 Example: A passenger lurches forward when a car suddenly stops.

2. Second Law

 Force is proportional to the rate of change of momentum.


 Formula: F = ma (Force = Mass × Acceleration).

 Example: A heavier truck requires more force to accelerate than a bicycle.

3. Third Law

 For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

 Example: When you jump off a boat, the boat moves backward.

🔹 Importance of Motion and Forces

 Explains everyday phenomena (walking, driving, flying).

 Basis for engineering, transportation, sports science, and space exploration.

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