Computer
System
Servicing
Class Rules
Take note of Set aside things that might Enjoy!
the highlights interrupt you
How Computer System Works
Learning Objective
Upon completion of the lesson, students will be
able to:
● Understand how computer system works.
● Identify the internal parts of computer
components.
How Computer System Works
- The computer needs Input,
Process and Output
- The Input, Process and
output have corresponding
devices that do the work.
Input,
Process and
Output
Input
● Input refers to any data or signal
that is entered into a computer
system from the outside world to
be processed or used in
computing tasks.
● Input is the process of providing
data and instructions to a
computer using input devices like
a keyboard, mouse, or sensors.
Process
● Processing is the stage where
the computer interprets and
manipulates input data to
produce meaningful results. It
is performed mainly by the
Central Processing Unit (CPU),
often called the brain of the
computer.
Where Processing Happens:
Component Role in Processing
CPU (Processor) Executes instructions and processes data
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) Handles mathematical and logical operations
Control Unit (CU) Directs how data moves through the system
Registers Temporary high-speed storage for
immediate data
RAM (Memory) Stores data and instructions during
processing
Output
● Output is the final stage
of the computing
process. It is the delivery
of results from the
computer system to the
user after data has been
processed.
How Input and Output Devices
Work
Stage What Happens Device Used
Input Data is entered Keyboard, mouse, etc.
Processing Data is interpreted & CPU, ALU, RAM
calculated
Output Result is presented Monitor, printer,
speaker
The computer needs the
following parts to function
properly:
CPU - Processor chip, buses, ports (plugs), controllers, BIOS ROM
(placed by manufacturer, cannot be accessed or modified, tells
the computer how to start itself).
RAM - short term or temporary memory storage, called main
memory
Input Devices - allow the user to input data into the computer like
keyboard and mouse.
Output Devices - allow the user to see the results like monitor,
printer and modem
Secondary Storage - permanent storage like CD-ROM, Hard Disk
Drive and Floppy Disk.
The computer needs the
following parts to function
properly:
CPU
● The CPU, or Central
Processing Unit, is the main
processing component of a
computer. Often referred to
as the "brain" of the system, it
carries out all instructions
from programs by
performing arithmetic, logic,
control, and input/output
operations.
Parts CPU
Component Function
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Performs mathematical and logical operations
Unit)
CU (Control Unit) Directs the operation of the processor
Registers Small memory locations inside the CPU for quick
access
Cache Memory High-speed memory for frequently used
instructions
Clock Sets the pace at which instructions are executed
Bus A communication system that transfers data
between different parts of a computer.
How CPU Works:
Step Description
1. Fetch The CPU retrieves an instruction from RAM (main
memory).
2. Decode The Control Unit (CU) interprets what the instruction
is asking.
3. Execute The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) or another CPU
part performs the operation.
4. Store or The process of writing the result to the memory. This
Writeback memory is in the CPU itself and they are called
Registers.
How CPU Works:
Random Access Memory
● RAM is the short-term
memory of a computer. It
temporarily stores data and
instructions that the CPU
needs while the computer is
running. When you turn off the
computer, everything in RAM
is erased—which is why it’s
called volatile memory.
Hard Disk Drive
● A Hard Disk Drive (HDD) is a
non-volatile data storage device
used in computers and
electronic devices. It stores all
your files, including the
operating system, software,
documents, pictures, and
videos—even when the
computer is turned off.
Parts of Hard Disk Drive
Key Components of an HDD
Component Function
Platters Circular disks where data is stored magnetically
Spindle Spins the platters at high speeds
Read/Write Head Reads and writes data to the disk
Actuator Arm Moves the read/write head to correct position
Controller Board Manages how the drive communicates with the computer
Question?
Quiz
Review for tomorrow long
Quiz.
