CHAPTER-06

CITIZENSHIP
4 MARKS
SYLLABUS

 Who is a citizen?
 What are relevant grounds for inclusion and exclusion?
 How are new claims to citizenship negotiated?
 Can we have global citizenship.

QUESTIONS ASKED SO FAR FROM THIS CHAPTER

Q.No.1:- Mention any two modes of gaining Citizenship.

Year 2019,2023-2 Marks

Q.No.2:- Who Said, "Citizenship consists in the right ordering of Loyalties."

Year 2017-1 Marks
Q.No3:- What do you mean by Citizenship?
Year 2018,2021,2023 -4 Marks
Q.No.4:- Mention qualities of a Good Citizen.
Year 2018, 2023 -2 Marks
Q.No.5:- What do you mean by Natural Born Citizen?
Year 2019 -1 Marks
Q.No.6:- How poverty is a big hindrance to a good Citizenship?
Year 2019,2023- 2 Marks
Q.No.7:- What are the two good qualities of a good Citizen?
Year 2019,2023 -2 Marks
Q.No.8:- Distinguish between Citizen and Alien.
Year 2019,2021, 2023- 2 Marks
Q.No.9:- Who is an Alien?
Year 2019, 2023 -1 Marks

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Q.No.10:- Who is a Citizen?
Year 2019,2023- 1 Marks
Q.No.11:- Write down two features of Citizenship.
Year 2019-2 Marks
Q.No.12:- How can a citizen lose his/her Citizenship?
Year 2019- 2 Marks
Q.No.13:- Mention two ways for losing Citizenship.
Year2020, 2023- 2 Marks
Q.No.14:- Write briefly two major hindrances in the way of good citizenship.
Year 2020 -2 Marks
Q.No.15:-What is a Global Citizenship?
Year 2021, 2023- 2 Marks
Q.No.16:- What do you mean by “Jus Soli”?
Year 2023- 2 Marks
Q.No.17: What do you mean by Double Citizenship?
Year 2023 -2 Marks
Q.No.18:- Mention any four qualities of a good Citizen.
Year 2023- 2 Marks
Q.No.19:- How Citizenship is lost?
Year 2023- 2 Marks
Q.No.20:-What are Naturalised Citizens?
Year 2023- 1 Marks
Q.No.21:- How Citizenship can be acquired?
Year 2023- 2 Marks
Q.No.22:- Can we have Global Citizenship?
Year 2023- 2 Marks
Q.No.23:- What is meant by Naturalisation?
Year 2023 -1Marks
Q.No.24:- What is difference between Natural Born and Naturalised Citizenship?
Year 2023- 2 Marks

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 Q.No.1- Who is a citizen?
Ans: The word "citizen" has been derived from Latin word 'CIVIS' which means
resident of the city. Citizen is a legally recognized subject or national of a state either
native or naturalized. Citizen is entitled o enjoy all the legal rights and privileges
granted by state. The idea of citizen emerged in Greek city-states. In city-states only
privileged few were granted citizenship. However the idea of citizenship grew with
the help of democracy. Sew defines citizens as one who owes allegiance to the state,
has access to the civil and political rights and is inspired with a spirit of service to the
community."
Q.No. 2:- Describe the meaning and definition of citizenship?
Ans: Citizenship is a relationship between the individual and the state in which the
two are bound together by reciprocal rights and duties. Citizens are full members of
their political community or state by virtue possession of basic rights. It is a legal
relationship which binds individual and state together.
According to T.H.Marshall, Citizenship is, status bestowed on those who are full
members of community. All who possesses the status are equal with respect to the
rights and duties with which the status is endowed."
David Held defines citizenship as, "Citizenship is a status which bestows upon
individuals equal rights and duties, liberties and constraints, power and
responsibilities."
Hence citizens refers to the status of the individual in a State conferred by law of
land.
The basic characteristic features of citizen are:-
I. They are legally recognized members of political community.
II. Citizens participate in affairs of state.
III. Citizens have rights and are bound to perform duties.
IV. Citizenship also involves citizen-citizen relations and involves certain obligations of
citizens to each other. These include legal as well as moral obligations
Q.No3:- Describe different aspects of citizenship?
Ans: The concept of citizenship envisages full and equal membership of all citizens
of a state and all members of state shall enjoy equal rights. Citizenship necessitates
that all sections of the society shall be given full and equal membership. Providing
full and equal membership shall be the guiding principle of citizenship

Along with equal membership, all citizens whether rich or poor, rural or urban
dwellers should be guaranteed certain basic rights and minimum standard of living by
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 the State. Citizenship is not merely a legal concept. It is closely related to the larger
notions of equality and rights. Citizenship ensures equality by countering the divisive
effects of class hierarchy and facilitates better, integrated and harmonious
community.
Q.No.4:- Describe the grounds on which citizenship can be acquired?
Ans: Citizenship can be acquired differently in different countries However in most
of the countries citizenship can be acquired on following grounds:
I. By Marriage: When a woman gets married to a foreigner she becomes eligible
for the citizenship of her husband's state.
II. Residence: If a foreigner resides in a state for a time-period fixed by law to
become citizen of that particular country, that foreigner becomes eligible for
citizenship of that state.
III. Conquest: If one country captures part of another country, people of that part
become the citizen of conqueror country.
IV. Purchase Of Land: In some countries like Peru and Mexico, purchase of land
makes one eligible for citizenship.
V. Adoption: If a citizen adopts foreign child, the child becomes citizens of
adopter's country.
Q.No.5:- Examine how people are excluded from citizenship of a country?
Ans: The exclusion of citizenship can be caused due to following reasons:-
I. Marriage: When a female gets married to foreigner, she loses citizenship of her
country.
II. Renunciation: If a citizen voluntarily gives up citizenship of his country, he loses
all rights of a citizen.
III. Absence: If a person remains absent /abroad from his own country for a longer
duration of time he may lose his citizenship.
IV. Country can divest any person of his citizenship if he commits rebellion or
treachery.
Q.No.6:- Describe in detail who are the citizens of India as per Constitution?
Ans: In India citizenship is dealt under Articles 5-11 of part II of Constitution .
According to Constitution, following four categories of people became citizens of
India at the commencement of Constitution.
I. Person who domiciled in India or was born in India or either of his parents
were born in India and has been residing in India for five years before
commencement of Constitution.

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 II. Immigrants from Pakistan who or whose parents or grand-parents were born in
undivided India who migrated to India before 19 July 1948 or has been registered as
Indian Citizen.
III. A person who migrated to Pakistan and late returned and became Indian citizen
under resettlement.
IV. Persons of Indian origin who are residing outside India if he has been
registered by diplomatic representative of India in that country.
Q.No.7:- How can Indian citizenship be acquired?
Ans: Citizenship Act of 1955 prescribes five ways of acquiring Indian citizenship
viz:-
I. By Birth: A person born in India before July 1987 irrespective of nationality of his
parents.
II. By Descent:- A person born outside India before 10Dec 1992 is a citizen of India
by decent if his father was citizen of India at the time of his birth.
III.
IV. By Registration: Central government on application can register any person as
citizen of India on certain conditions.
V. By Naturalisation: if a person is not a citizen of enemy alien, or of a country where
Indians are prevented from acquiring citizenship and the person is of good character,
central government can grant certification of naturalization to that person.
VI. Incorporation Of Territory: If India acquires territory of foreign country, the
residents of that territory becomes citizens of India.
Q.No.8:- How can one lose Indian Citizenship?
Ans: Citizenship Act of 1955 provides three ways of losing Indian citizenship:
I. By Renunciation: If Indian citizens renounces Indian citizenship, he ceases to be
Indian citizen.
II. By Termination: When an Indian citizen voluntarily acquires citizenship of another
country, he loses India citizenship automatically.
III. By Deprivation: Central government can terminate citizenship of any citizens on
various grounds.
Q.No.9 What is meant by global citizenship? Is it achievable?
Ans: Citizenship confers an individual with rights and duties within the country.
Today we are living in an interconnected world and modern means of communication
and technology has put us into immediate contact with far off places of world.
Today, there is a call for Global Citizenship which implies that people of the entire
globe are citizens of this earth and should not be restricted by national boundaries

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States today face problems which they cannot tackle themselves without support e.g
climate change. Hence to deal with problems which extend across borders we need
cooperative action hence global citizenship. However due to lack of proper structure
and regulations it is not possible to evolve the concept of global citizenship.
Q.No.9:- Distinguish between Citizen and Alien.
Ans.
(1) A citizen is a member of State whereas an alien is not a member of State.
(i) A citizen has the right of permanent residence in the State whereas the alien does
not enjoy this right.
Q.No.10:- What are the features of a Citizenship?
Ans. Citizenship refers to the legal status of each citizen in a country. It reflects the
fact that as a citizen of a state enjoys the protection of his state in respect of his
security and rights.

Q.No.11:- Who is Natural Born Citizen?

Ans. A natural born citizen is one who is the citizen of a State by birth. He enjoys all
the civic and political rights and owes allegiance to the State

Q.No.12:- Give any definition of a Citizen.

Ans. According to Sri Niwas Shastri, "A citizen is one, who is a member of a State
and intelligent appreciation of what would conduce to the highest moral-welfare of
the community." Double citizenship means, each person is a citizen of both country
and state. U.S.A. is example of double citizenship.
Q.No.13:- What is Citizenship?
Ans. Citizenship is a legal relationship which binds an individual to the State of
which he is a member.
Q.No.14:- Who is Alien ?
Ans. An Alien is someone who is not a legal citizen of the country in which he or she
lives Alien does not enjoy Political Rights. An Alien owes allegiance to his own
state.
Q. No.15:- Mention two best qualities of good Citizenship.
Ans.
1. Education: A good citizen in the modern society should be well educated.
Education makes him to understand the problems of the State.
2. Social Spirit: A good citizen must possess social spirit. He should subordinate his
self-interest to the interest of the community.

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Q.No.16:- What is Global Citizenship?
Ans. Global citizenship is all about encouraging young people to develop their
knowledge, skills and values they need to engage with the world.
Q.No.17:- Who is a Citizen?
Ans. Citizen is that member of population of a State who enjoys all the rights- civil
as well as political under the protection of the State in return for the allegiance he
owes to the State. Citizens who should pay all these taxes without any hesitation
because the money thus collected will be sent for their welfare.
1. Protection of Public Property. It is the duty of the citizens to protect public
property.
2. Co-operation with Government. Every citizen should extend fullest degree of co-
operation to the government. It is his duty to help the government officials in the
proper discharge of their duties. He should help the police, the army and other
officials in maintaining law and order in the country. The citizen should not give
shelter to or defend criminals. He should rather help the government in getting the
law- breakers punished.
Q.No.18:-What do you mean by 'Jus Soli'?
Ans. Jus soli (Place of Birth) means a child acquires the edwal citizenship of a state
in which he is born.
Q.No.19:-Who are Naturalized Citizens?
Ans. Naturalised citizenship is a special device for the acquisition of foreign
citizenship. It is process by which the foreigners acquire citizenship of any other
State in which they wish to settle permanently.

Q.No.20:- What is C.A.A.?

Ans. C.A.A. Citizenship Amendment Act. This act aims to fast-track citizenship for
six persecuted minority, who arrived in India on or before 31 December, 2014 form
Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan.