8.

Coordinate Geometry of Straight Lines

7. Slope of L1 × Slope of L2 = –1
8 Coordinate Geometry of Straight Lines 2 0 – 6 = –1
3 a–0
Concept Check –12 = –1
3a
1. Incorrect a=4
2. Incorrect
3. Correct
8. Let (x, y) be the coordinates of B.
4. Incorrect
–3 = 3(–11) + 4x and 1 = 3(5) + 4(y)
5. Correct 3+4 3+4
4x – 33 = –21 and 15 + 4y = 7
Conventional Questions x =3 and y = –2
The coordinates of B are (3, –2).
Level 0
1. (a) Distance = (–1 – 4) + [3 – (–9)] units
2 2

= 13 units 9. Slope of AB = –3 – (–1) = 2

–9 – (–6) 3
(b) Distance = [–7 – (–1)] + (–3 – 5) units Slope of BC = –1 – 3 2
2 2
=
–6 – 0 3
= 10 units Slope of AB = Slope of BC
` A, B and C are collinear.
2. (a) Slope = 3 – (–7)
7–2
=2 10. Let (x, 0) be the coordinates of P.
3 – 0 = 3 – (–6)
(b) Slope = 5 – (–1) –5 – x –5 – 1
–4 – 1
3 =– 3
=– 6 –5 – x 2
5
15 + 3x = 6
x = –3
3. (a) Mid-point = –9 + 7 , 3 + (–5)
2 2 ` The coordinates of P are (–3, 0).
= (–1, –1)
(b) Mid-point = 1 + 7 , –6 + 7 11. Let (x, y) be the coordinates of Q.
2 2
y – 5 = –3
= 4, 1 x – (–2)
2
y – 5 = –3x – 6
y = –3x – 1
4. Coordinates of P = 2(–5) + 1(1) , 2(3) + 1(12)
2+1 2+1 When x = 0, y = –1.
= (–3, 6) When x = 1, y = –4.
` Two possible coordinates of Q are (0, –1) and (1, –4).
Level 1 (or other reasonable answers)
5. BC = (12 – 2) units = 10 units
AB = (–9 – 3)2 + (7 – 12)2 units = 13 units Level 2
AC = (–9 – 3)2 + (7 – 2)2 units = 13 units 12. Let (x, y) be the coordinates of D and M be the mid-point of AC.
` Perimeter of rABC = (10 + 13 + 13) units Then M is also the mid-point of BD. (diags. of //gram)
= 36 units
Coordinates of M = –5 + 7 , 7 + 2 = 1, 9
2 2 2
–2 + x 9 4 + y
6. Slope of AB = Slope of CD `1 = and =
2 2 2
10 – 4 = k – (–5) x =4 and y = 5
4 – 0 2 – (–2)
` The coordinates of D are (4, 5).
3 = k+5
2 4
2k + 10 = 12 13. (a) AB = (–2 – 1) + [–5 – (–3)] units = 13 units
2 2

k =1
BC = [1 – (–3)]2 + (–3 – 3)2 units = 52 units
AC = [–2 – (–3)]2 + (–5 – 3)2 units = 65 units
` Perimeter of rABC = ( 13 + 52 + 65) units
= ( 13 + 2 13 + 65) units
= (3 13 + 65) units

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 Road to HKDSE — Junior Secondary Mathematics Exercises (New Syllabus Edition) S3 Solution Guide

(b) AB + BC = 13 + 52 = 65
2 2
17. (a) Slope of AB = –6 – (–4) = 1
AC2 = 65 = AB2 + BC2 –9 – (–5) 2
` ∠ABC = 90° (converse of Pyth. theorem) Slope of BC = –4 – (–3) = 1
–5 – (–3) 2
Area of rABC = (AB)(BC) Slope of CD = –3 – 0 = 1
2 –3 – 3 2
= ( 13)( 52) units2 Slope of AB = Slope of BC = Slope of CD
2 ` A, B, C and D are collinear.
= 13 units2
(b) Consider the horizontal distances of AB and BC.
AB : BC = [–5 – (–9)] : [–3 – (–5)]
14. Let MP : PN = r : 1.
=4:2
Consider the x-coordinate of P.
=2:1
1(13) + r(–11) = 4
r+1 Consider the horizontal distances of BC and CD.
13 – 11r = 4r + 4 BC : CD = 2 : [3 – (–3)]

r= 3 =1:3
5 ` AB : BC : CD = 2 : 1 : 3
` MP : PN = 3 : 1 (c) Area of rABE : Area of rBCE : Area of rCDE
5
=3:5 = AB : BC : CD
=[Link]
15. (a) Let (x, y) be the coordinates of B.
18. (a) P is a point on L1.
3 = x + 5 and –5 = y + (–7)
2 2 i.e. A, P and B are collinear.
x=1 and y = –3
` k – 6 = –1 – 6
The coordinates of B are (1, –3). h – 0 –7 – 0
(b) Let (a, b) be the coordinates of A. k–6=h
h=k–6
1 = a + 5 and –3 = b + (–7)
2 2 (b) Let P be the point of intersection of L1 and L2.
a = –3 and b = 1 Then P, C and D are collinear.
` The coordinates of A are (–3, 1) and hence A lies in the
` k – 8 = –1 – 8
second quadrant. h – (–8) –2 – (–8)
The claim is agreed. k–8 =– 3
k–6+8 2
2k – 16 = –3k – 6
16. (a) Mid-point of AC = –2 + 6, –1 + 3 k=2
2 2
= (2, 1) h=2–6
Mid-point of BD = 3 + 1 , –1 + 3 = –4
2 2 ` The coordinates of the point of intersection of L1 and L2 are
= (2, 1) (–4, 2).
Mid-point of AC = Mid-point of BD
` ABCD is a parallelogram. (diags. bisect each other)
19. (a) 4–1 1 – (–8) = –1
AB = [3 – (–2)] units = 5 units 7 – (–2) –2 – c
BC = (3 – 6)2 + (–1 – 3)2 units = 5 units 1 9 = –1
3 –2 – c
AB = BC
3=2+c
DC = AB = BC = AD (opp. sides of //gram)
c=1
` ABCD is a rhombus.
The claim is agreed.
(b) AB is a horizontal line.
Height of the rhombus ABCD with respect to AB = [3 – (–1)] units
= 4 units
` Area of ABCD = 5 × 4 units 2

= 20 units2

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 8. Coordinate Geometry of Straight Lines

(b) Mid-point of AC = 7 + 1 , 4 + (–8) Level 2

2 2
6. Slope of AB = Slope of AC
= (4, –2)
` –3 – 0 = –3 – 6
Mid-point of BD = –2 + 10 , 1 + (–5) 0 – b 0 – 18
2 2
3 = 1
= (4, –2) b 2
Mid-point of AC = Mid-point of BD b=6
` ABCD is a parallelogram. (diag. bisect each other) The answer is C.
AB = [7 – (–2)]2 + (4 – 1)2 units = 90 units
BC = (–2 – 1)2 + [1 – (–8)]2 units = 90 units 7. Slope of L1 × Slope of L2 = –1
` AB = BC ` 7–2 –9 – 0 = –1
5–0 h–3
i.e. AD = BC = AB = CD (opp. sides of //gram) –9 = –1
AB ⊥ BC h–3
` ABCD is a square. h = 12
The answer is D.

20. (a) Coordinates of S = 3(8) + 4(15) , 3(14) + 4(0)

3+4 3+4 8. Let AP : PB = r : 1.
= (12, 6) Consider the y-coordinates of A, P and B.
(b) The x-coordinates of P and T are both 8.
10 = r(0) + 1(15)
` PT is a vertical line. r+1
OQ is a horizontal line. 10r + 10 = 15
` PT is perpendicular to OQ. r= 1
2
Slope of OS × Slope of PQ
` AP : PB = 1 : 1
= 6 – 0 14 – 0 2
12 – 0 8 – 15 =1:2
= –1 The answer is C.
` OS is perpendicular to PQ.
PT and OS are altitudes of rOPQ.
9. Coordinates of the mid-point of QS
` The point of intersection of PT and OS is the orthocentre of
= Coordinates of the mid-point of PR
rOPQ.
The claim is agreed. = –6 + 6 , –4 + 2
2 2
= (0, –1)
Multiple-choice Questions QS ⊥ PR (prop. of rhombus)
Level 1 ` –4 – 2 –1 – 7 = –1
–6 – 6 0–q
1. The answer is A.
1 8 = –1
2 q
2. MN = (–3 – 6) + (–2 – 7) units = 162 units
2 2
q = –4
PQ = (–3 – 5)2 + (–1 – 8)2 units = 145 units The answer is A.

ST = (–2 – 7)2 + (–2 – 8)2 units = 181 units

10. Let M be the mid-point of AC.
XY = (–2 – 5)2 + (–3 – 6)2 units = 130 units
Coordinates of M = –2 + 0 , 5 + (–1)
The answer is C. 2 2
= (–1, 2)
3. The answer is A. Let G be the centroid of rABC.
Then BG : GM = 2 : 1.
4. The answer is B. ` Coordinates of G = 1(8) + 2(–1) , 1(2) + 2(2)
1+2 1+2
= (2, 2)
5. Slope of the straight line perpendicular to L
The answer is B.
= –1 ÷ – 2
3
11. Coordinates of B = (–5, –4)
= 3
2 Coordinates of C = (–5 + 7, –4) = (2, –4)
The answer is D.
Slope of AC = 5 – (–4) = – 3
–4 – 2 2
The answer is A.

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 Road to HKDSE — Junior Secondary Mathematics Exercises (New Syllabus Edition) S3 Solution Guide

Cross-topics Challenge 2. (a) PB = (6k – 12 – 13) + [k – (–2)] units

2 2

1. (a) AB = (3 – 0) + (4 – 0) units = 5 units

2 2 = (36k2 – 300k + 625) + (k2 + 4k + 4) units

BC = (3 – 6)2 + (4 – 0)2 units = 5 units = 37k2 – 296k + 629 units

PC = (6k – 12 – 11)2 + (k – 10)2 units
AC = (6 – 0) units = 6 units
` rABC is an isosceles triangle. = (36k2 – 276k + 529) + (k2 – 20k + 100) units
= 37k2 – 296k + 629 units
(b) Let M be the mid-point of AC.
PB = PC
Then the coordinates of M = (3, 0).
` P lies on the perpendicular bisector of the line segment
The x-coordinates of B and M are both 3.
joining B and C.
` BM is a vertical line and hence BM is an altitude of rABC.
(converse of prop. of ⊥ bisector)
Let H(x, y) be the orthocentre of rABC.
(b) Let N be the mid-point of AC.
Then H lies on BM.
`x=3 Then the coordinates of N = –1 + 11 , –2 + 10
2 2
Moreover, AH ⊥ BC. = (5, 4)
` Slope of AH × Slope of BC = –1 Let P be the circumcentre of rABC.
y–0 4 – 0 = –1 Then PN ⊥ AC.
3–0 3–6 ` Slope of PN × Slope of AC = –1
y k–4
– 4 = –1 –2 – 10 = –1
3 3 6k – 12 – 5 –1 – 11
y= 9 k – 4 = –1
4 6k – 17
` Coordinates of the orthocentre = 3, 9 k=3
4
` Coordinates of the circumcentre
(c) Let G(a, b) be the circumcentre of rABC.
= (6(3) – 12, 3)
BM is the perpendicular bisector of AC.
= (6, 3)
` G lies on BM and hence a = 3.
Let N be the mid-point of AB.
Common Exam Questions
Coordinates of N = 3 + 0 , 4 + 0
2 2 1. (a) Coordinates of B = (–3, 2)
= 3 ,2 Coordinates of C = (2, –3)
2
(b) AB = (–3 – 2) + (2 – 3) units = 26 units
2 2
a G is the circumcentre.
` GN ⊥ AB AC = [3 – (–3)] units = 6 units
Slope of GN × Slope of AB = –1 BC = (–3 – 2)2 + [2 – (–3)]2 units = 50 units
b–2 4 – 0 = –1 ` rABC is not an isosceles triangle.
`
3– 3 3–0
2
2(b – 2) 4 = –1 2. (a) Coordinates of M = –2 + 6 , 9 + 5
2 2
3 3
= (2, 7)
b= 7
8 (b) P is a point on the perpendicular bisector of AB.
` Coordinates of the circumcentre = 3, 7 ` PM ⊥ AB
8
i.e. Slope of PM × Slope of AB = –1
Alternative Method:
y–7 9 – 5 = –1
Since G is the circumcentre, we have GA = GB. x – 2 –2 – 6
(3 – 0)2 + (b – 0)2 = (3 – 3)2 + (b – 4)2 y – 7 – 1 = –1
32 + b2 = (b – 4)2 x–2 2
y – 7 = 2(x – 2)
9 + b2 = b2 – 8b + 16
y = 2x + 3
8b = 7
Alternative Method:
b= 7 P is a point on the perpendicular bisector of AB.
8
` Coordinates of the circumcentre = 3, 7 ` PA = PB (prop. of ⊥ bisector)
8
(–2 – x)2 + (9 – y)2 = (6 – x)2 + (5 – y)2
(–2 – x)2 + (9 – y)2 = (6 – x)2 + (5 – y)2
4 + 4x + x2 + 81 – 18y + y2 = 36 – 12x + x2 + 25 – 10y + y2
24 + 16x = 8y
y = 2x + 3

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 8. Coordinate Geometry of Straight Lines

3. Refer to the figure. Denote the orthocentre of rPQR by H. The

the coordinates of H are (–6, 0).
y
P

H(–6, 0) O Q x
Let (0, r) be the coordinates of R.
H is the orthocentre.
` RH ⊥ PQ
i.e. Slope of RH × Slope of PQ = –1
0 – r 3k – 0 = –1
–6 – 0 0 – 2k
r – 3 = –1
6 2
r =4
` The coordinates of R are (0, 4).
The answer is C.