UNI T 4
MOMENT OF INERTI
A
&
MASS MOMENT O
FINERTIA
CO4: Locate the centroid of a body and compute the area
moment of inertia and mass moment of inertia of standard
and composite sections.
[Link]
UNIT – IV (SYLLABUS)
Moments of Inertia:
•Definition – Polar Moment of Inertia –Radius of gyration
•Transfer formula for moment ofinertia
•Moments of Inertia for Composite areas.
•Products of Inertia
•Transfer Formula for Product of Inertia.
Mass Moment of Inertia:
•Moment of Inertia of Masses
•Transfer Formula for Mass Moments of Inertia
•Mass moment of inertia of composite bodies
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
COURSE OUTLINE
UNIT -4
LECTURE LECTURE TOPIC KEY ELEMENTS Learning objectives (2
to 3 objectives)
1 Moments of Inertia: Definition – Polar Definitions • Understanding
Moment of Inertia –Radius of concept of Moment of
gyration Inertia (B2)
2 Derivations
Transfer formula for moment of inertia Understanding
concept of Parallel
Axis
Theorem (B2)
3 Moments of Inertia for Composite areas
Derivations • Understanding
derivations for
Moment of Inertia of
simple figures (B2)
• Apply the
Derivation formulas
to the composite
figures (B3)
4 Products of Inertia & Transfer Formula
Definitions and • Understanding
for Product of Inertia. Derivations derivations for
Product of Inertia of
simple figures(B2)
• Apply the
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
COURSE OUTLINE
Derivation formulas
to the composite
figures (B3)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
COURSE OUTLINE
UNIT - 4
LECTURE LECTURE TOPIC KEY ELEMENTS Learning objectives (2
to 3 objectives)
5 Mass Moment of Inertia: Moment of Definitions • Understanding
Inertia of Masses concept of Mass
Moment of Inertia
(B2)
6 Transfer Formula for Derivations • Understanding
Mass Moments of concept of Parallel
Inertia axis theorem for
Mass
Moment of Inertia (B2)
7 Mass moment of inertia of • Understanding
composite bodies derivations for
Moment of Inertia of
simple figures (B2)
• Apply the
Derivation formulas
to the
composite Bodies (B3)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
COURSE OUTLINE
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LECTURE 1
Centroid
[Link]
TOPICS TO BE COVERED
LECTURE 1
Moment of Inertia
• Definition of Moment of Inertia
• Moment of Inertia for simple Figures
• Applications
• Problems
• Assignments
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MOMENT OF INERTIA
• The strength of members subjected to bending depends on the
moment of inertia of its cross-sectional area
Y
Moment of inertia is denoted A
x
by “I” Units for moment of
d
inertia A
y
mm4
Moment of Inertia about X
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
axis is give by
I XX y2dA
Moment of Inertia about Y axis is give by X
IYY
x2dA
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER
1. X is the distance from Y- axis to the elemental area of the figure
2. Y is the distance from Y- axis to the elemental area of the figure
3. While finding out the IXX always consider the Horizontal strip
and width as dy
4. While finding out the Yc always consider the Vertical strip and width as
dx
Y
d
X A
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER
X
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
THEOREMS OF MOMENT OF INERTIA
Polar Moment of Inertia & Radius of gyration
Moment of inertia about any axis perpendicular to the plane of an
area is known as polar moment of inertia. It is denoted by I ZZ or J
Izz r 2dA
I
Radius of gyration k
A
Units for radius of gyration is mm or cm or m
There are two theorems for moment of
inertia [Link] axis Theorem
2. Parallel Axis Theorem
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
PERPENDICULAR AXIS THEOREM
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
PARALLEL AXIS THEOREM
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
PROOF OF PARALLEL AXIS THEOREM
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MOMENT OF INERTIA OF AREAS
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DERIVATION
[Link] the moment of inertia of the triangle of base ‘b’ and
height ‘h’
For IXX
Consider a horizontal strip of length x and
width dy at a distance y from X-axis
x1 x1
h
I XX y2dA
d
Area of the elemental Strip dA = x y
dy From the similar triangles ABC &
DEC
b h h x = b(h-y)
x hy x = b(h-y)/ h b
dA = b(h-y)/ h dy
h
b(h y)
I xx y2 dy
h
y2dA=
0
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DERIVATION
b h
y 2 (h
y)dy
h0
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DERIVATION
b h
y 2
dA y3 y
4
h
h 3
4 0
b h3
h4 bh3
= 12
h 3 4
For IYY
Consider a Vertical strip of length y h
and width dx at a distance x from Y-
axis x y
IYY
x2dA
b
b b y = h(b-x)
h b x
y y = h(b-x)/ b d
x
dA = h(b-x)/ b dx
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DERIVATION
b
2 h(b x)
IYY
=
x dA x2 dx
0
b
b
h
= (bx 2
x3 )dx
b 0
h b 4 b4 hb3
b 3 4 1
2
About
its centroidal axisx1x1
According to the parallel axis theorem
2 2
IAB IXX I I I Ayc
X X
IGG Ayc bh3
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DERIVATION
X IX I
I 36
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SELF LEARNING QUESTIONS
1. Determine the Moment of Inertia of a quarter circle of
radius „R‟ and also find about centroidal axis
y kxn
2. Determine the moment of inertia of a parabolic spandral
y kxn
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ASSIGNMENT EXERCISES
1. Determine the moment of inertia of a rectangle of length „b‟ and width
„d‟ about the centroidal axis and also find about its base
2. State and Parallel axis Theorems and perpendicular axis theorems
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
TOPICS TO BE COVERED
LECTURE 2
Moment of Inertia
• Moment of Inertia for composite
areas
• Applications
• Problems
• Assignments
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MOMENT OF INERTIA FOR COMPOSITE AREAS
• Find the Moment of inertia of the given lamina shown in figure
(1) Top rectangle 200 x 20 110
mm2
(2) Middle rectangle 20 x 600
For Figure mm2
1
(3) Bottom rectangle 580 x 20
mm2
A1 = 200 X 20 = 4000 mm2 1
x1 = 110 mm 0
G1
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MOMENT OF INERTIA FOR COMPOSITE AREAS
y1 = 580+ 10 =590 mm
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MOMENT OF INERTIA FOR COMPOSITE AREAS
For Figure 2 Y
A
2 = 560 X 20 = 11200 G2 560
mm2
x2 = 10 mm 280
y2 = 280+20 = 300 mm 20
For Figure 3 X
Y
A
3 = 600 X 20 = 12000
mm2
G2 10
x3 = 300 mm
y3 = 10 mm
xc A1x1 A2 x2 A3 30 X
x3 A1 A2
A3 0
Yc
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MOMENT OF INERTIA FOR COMPOSITE AREAS
= 152.6 mm A1 y1 A2 y2 A3 y3
A1 A2 A3
= 214.71 mm
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MOMENT OF INERTIA FOR COMPOSITE AREAS
X X
214.
1 7
152.6 mm
mm Y
For Figure 1
I bd 20
I I
.33mm4 110
X I XI 3 560 3
12 12 292693333
According to parallel axis theorem
G1 10
IXX fig I Ay c 385.29
I
2
XI XI
1 I
X
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MOMENT OF INERTIA FOR COMPOSITE AREAS
133333 .33 220 20 (385 .29
10)2 580 mm X
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Y
For Figure 2
G2
bd 20 3
I I 560 3
292693333 4
28
12 12
X 2 X
2 I .33mm 0
214.7
According to parallel axis 2 1
theorem 0
I XX
fig IX
X
2
I
X Ay 2
2 I
2
c
.33 560 20 (300 214 .71)2
For Figure 292693333 Y
2
I 600 mm4
I
X 3 X3
I
bd 3
203 214.71
12 12 400000 G3
10
According to parallel axis 30 X
theorem
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
IXX 0
fig IX3I Ay c 2
3 I
X3
400000 600 20 (214 .71 10)2
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SELF LEARNING QUESTIONS
1. Find the moment of inertia of plane area shown in
figure about horizontal centroidal axis
2. Determine the moment of inertia of the
shaded area shown in figure about horizontal
axis
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ASSIGNMENT EXERCISES
1. Determine the moment of inertia of the lamina shown in figure
2. Determine the Moment of inertia of the given figure
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
TOPICS TO BE COVERED
LECTURE 3
Mass Moment of Inertia
• Definition
• Transfer formula for mass moment
of Inertia
• Assignments
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MASS MOMENT OF INERTIA
Mass moment of inertia of a body is defined about an axis is defined as
the sum of product of its elemental masses and square of their
distances from the axis
A
IAB
dA
r 2
r
Units for mass moment of N
d
Inertia m / sec2
m
Transfer formula for mass moment of
Inertia
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
I B
AB IGG Md 2
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DERIVATION
Determine the mass moment of inertia of uniform rod of length L
i)Its centroidal axis normal to the rod
Ii)its axis at the end of the rod normal to it about Y
x
Let m be the mass of rod per unit
length
Mass of
the element dm = m dx
dx
i)
Mass moment of inertia about its centroidal axis normal to the
rod
IYY
x3
2L
2
x dm mL3
L
2
2
L
x2mdx
m
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DERIVATION
12
3 L
2
Mass of the rod M=mL 2
IYY ML
then 12
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DERIVATION
Ii)its axis at the end of the rod
normal to it about
Y
x
IYY
2
3 mL3
x dm
L L
m
x
3
2
x mdx d
3
0
0 x
Mass of the rod M=mL 2
IYY ML
then 3
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SELF LEARNING QUESTIONS
1. Determine the mass moment of inertia of a solid hemisphere of
radius „r „ about its diametral axis
2. Determine the mass moment of inertiaof a right circular
solid cone of radius „r‟ and height „h‟. about its axis of
rotation
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ASSIGNMENT EXERCISES
1. Determine the mass moment of inertia of a rectangular plate
2. Determine the mass moment of inertia of a circular plate
3. Determine the mass moment of inertia of a uniform rod
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
TOPICS TO BE COVERED
LECTURE 4
Product of Inertia
• Definition
• Transfer formula for Product of
Inertia
• Problems
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
PRODUCT OF INERTIA
The product of inertia of area A relative to the
indicated X Y rectangular axes is
.
PXY xydA
Relative to principal axes of inertia, the product of inertia of
a figure i s zero. If a figure is mirror symmetrical about a YZ
plane.
PXY PZX 0
The product of inertia about centroidal is zero for symmetric figure
Transfer formula for product of
inertia is
PXY P XY
Ax y
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
