Republic of the Philippines I.

OBJECTIVES
Department of Education A. Content Standards:
Region III The learner understands the principles and uses of a
Schools Division Office of Bulacan concept paper
Carlos F. Gonzales High School

B. Performance Standards:
The learner produces a well-balanced concept paper in a
English for Academic and specific discipline.
Professional Purposes
C. MELCs:
Concept Elucidation: Definition, Determines the ways a writer can elucidate on a concept by
definition, explication, and clarification
Explication, and Clarification
D. Specific Objectives:
1. Define and explain the different techniques used to

ACTIVITY SHEET 8 elucidate concepts in writing a concept paper;

2. Show appreciation in characterizing the different
techniques; and
NAME: ________________________________________________________ 3. Employ the different techniques in analyzing a text and in
writing a concept paper.
GRADE AND SECTION: _______________________________________
II. CONTENT
DATE OF SUBMISSION: ______________________________________

General Directions: Carefully read the lesson in this booklet.

Supply what is asked in every task. Write your answers in a
separate answer sheet.

EAPP - _________
Page 1

Page 2
 a. Contrast
III. PROCEDURES: b. Analogy or metaphor
A. Preliminary Activities
c. Analysis or partition
1. Pre-Test
Directions: Read the following questions and choose the letter of the
2. Reviewing Previous Lesson:
BEST answer.
Directions: This is a copy and paste activity. Identify whether
1. It is a mode of paragraph development that answers the each of the statements below characterizes a reaction paper
questions: What is it? What does it mean? What are its special correctly. Place a check mark on the corresponding box of your
answer. Do it in your answer sheet.
features?”
a. clarification b. definition c. explication CHARACTERISTIC YES NO
2. This is the most common form of definition. 1. It relies on mere suspicions.
a. formal b. informal c. extended 2. It is a simple summary.
3. It is used to define abstract concepts that cannot be formally 3. It usually ranges in length from 250-
defined. 750 words.
a. Informal b. Extended c. Formal 4. It presents an analytical response to a
4. It refers to using a similar term or phrase to define a word. book or article.
5. It may take the form of a reflection, an
a. Informal definition b. Etymology c. synonym
appeal, a protest, a tribute or
5. This type of definition explains the origin or the place where denunciation, or a speculation
the term comes from.
a. Etymology b. synonym c. Formal definition If you answered YES to numbers 3, 4, and 5, you are correct!
6. This type of definition provides a graphic representation of the Understanding the characteristics of a good critique or reaction
concept to be defined. paper is the first step to writing a good paper.
a. etymology b. illustration or visuals c.
2. Presenting the new lesson
function
ACTIVITY
7. This definition type means stating what the word or term is 1. Motivation
for. Have you ever heard of the term “window dressing?” You
a. examples b. etymology c. function have probably seen the arrangement on window displays
8. This means stating the similarity of one concept with outside malls or in stores located along the sidewalk, just like
another.______________ in the first drawing on the next page. If you’ve seen one, then
a. analogy b. negation c. likeness or I must tell you that you’ve already seen a window dressing.
Now, take a look at the second drawing. It also refers to the
similarity
same thing. What could it probably mean in the world of
9. This means defining a term by stating what it is not. accounting?
a. negation b. analogy c. analysis Page 4
10. This entails breaking down wholes into parts, aspects into
 3. ABSTRACTION (Discussion of the Topic)

Concept Elucidation: Definition, Explication, and

Clarification

A. DEFINITION
Definition is a “mode of paragraph development that
answers the questions: What is it? What does it mean? What
are its special features?” (Saqueton and Uychoco 2016, p.80)
When you define a word, idea or concept, you clarify its
meaning and you control the scope to avoid misinterpretations
Both drawings refer to the same term but they actually mean two different and vague ideas. The word to be defined may be a person, a
things, right? The second drawing depicts a misleading representation of place, an object, a concept, or an event/ phenomenon.
data to create a favorable impression. In finance, window dressing
happens when financial statements of a company or an organization are There are different techniques used in defining a term or
prepared to make them look better before they are publicly released. For concept.
example, Company ABC wants to attract potential stockholders. It might 1. Formal definition This is the most common form and
do some window dressing by making announcements that will likely raise follows a pattern:
the stock price, like announcing higher than actual sales projections and Term = genus + differentia
obtaining and holding a lot of cash. The two definitions of the term are
or Definition = general category + differentiating
based on how they are used in specific conditions, one in display, the
other in finance. While one may think that understanding a term or a characteristics
concept simply entails defining it, then he/she must change the way Example: Term = genus + differentia
he/she thinks. Several techniques are used to better elucidate or explain a a. A triangle is a plane figure with three straight sides and
concept and they will be discussed in this lesson. Students are often asked three angles.
to submit academic papers as a subject requirement. Some students find b. A measuring cup is a cup-shaped utensil used to
writing these types of paper a difficult thing to do. Why? A study measure dry and liquid ingredients for cooking.
conducted by Pablo and Lasaten (2018) showed that 227 Grade 11 Senior It is important to limit the genus. The narrower the genus,
High School students in the Schools Division of Laoag City have difficulties the more specific the definition will be.
in writing academic essays. The said difficulties stem from a number of
factors which include use of incorrect word and word usage. This can be
2. Extended definition It is used to define abstract concepts
attributed to poor elucidation skills of students. According to Merriam
Webster, to elucidate means to make something clear or understandable. that cannot be formally defined. The following are the
In writing an academic paper, concept elucidation is a critical tool. Why? strategies you can use for this particular technique:
Because getting the message understood by your reader is the primary A. Use of synonym: using a similar term or phrase to define
concern of any written text. And if you fail in clarifying a concept, you fail a word
to express your understanding of it. So what are the techniques that one Example:
can use to effectively elucidate a concept? a. A charlatan is a quack, an imposter, a pretender, a fraud.
b. A bloke is a man, a boy, a fella, or guy in British.
Synonyms are only useful when a reader is more familiar to
Page 5 the meaning of t h e word being defined than the actual term
itself.
 D. By function: stating what the word or term is for.
B. By etymology: explaining the origin or the place where the Examples:
term comes from. 1. A straight spatula is a kitchen tool used for scraping
Example: food from the sides of pots, stirring ingredients in curved bowls,
1. Tyrannosaurus rex comes from the Greek word meaning or folding ingredients into each other.
“tyrant” and “lizard” and the Latin word meaning “king”.
2. A ledger is a written or computerized records of all the
2. Eskwela is from the Spanish escuela and the Latin schola,
which means “conversations and the knowledge gained through transactions a business has completed.
them during free time; the places where these conversations E. By examples: giving examples or narrating incidences that
took place.” can further explain an abstract or complicated topic.
C. By illustration or visuals: providing a graphic Examples:
representation of a topic or term to be defined. 1. Compound exercises are exercises that require
Examples: multiple muscle groups to work at the same time, like deadlifts,
1. The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water squats, front lunge with twist, and high plank T-spine rotation.
from the surface of the Earth, to the atmosphere and back again. 2. The horticulture industry can be categorized into three
areas: pomology, olericulture, and ornamental horticulture.
F. By likeness or similarity: stating the similarity of one
concept with another.
Examples:
1. Brighter than 100 million suns, quasars stand like
beacons on the shore of the universe.
2. A teacher is like a gardener who allows the students to
grow under the best conditions.
G. By analogy or metaphor: drawing a comparison between
2. A mattock is farm tool used for removing stones and large the topic and another concept already familiar to readers.
roots. Examples:
1. The central processing unit (CPU) of a computer
system works like the human brain.
2. Life is like a box of chocolates - you never know what
you're going to get.
H. By negation: defining a term by stating what it is not.
Examples:
1. The Philippine flying lemur is not a lemur but a rodent,
and cannot fly as it only glides in the air from one tree to
another.
Page 8
Page 7
 2. In a vehicle with automatic transmission, the driver is not 1. Through Cause and Effect:
responsible for shifting the gears as the car does the shifting. Understanding the relationship between cause and effect is
I. By contrast: defining by the use of opposites. critical thinking skill essential in all aspects of life. We consider
Examples: how mining is related to deforestation and wildlife loss. In
1. Unlike other birds, penguins cannot fly. history, we try to understand the causes and effects of specific
2. Unlike other mammals, the duckbilled platypus doesn’t give political events in the country affect the way we view science
birth to live young. and religion. A cause is the reason why something happens
j. By analysis or partition: Breaking down wholes into parts, while the effect states the result or the outcome. A causal
aspects into levels, and a process into steps. chain is a sequence of events in which any event in the chain
Examples: causes the next one, leading up to the final effect.
1. The Philippine government is divided into the executive Concept: Minamata Disease
branch, the legislative branch, and the judiciary. Cause: methylmercury poisoning (ingestion of contaminated
2. For a definition of diabetes, the writer would want to fish and shellfish)
partition the three kinds of diabetes (type 1 diabetes, type 2 Effect: sensory disturbances (glove and stocking type), ataxia,
diabetes, and gestational diabetes) and discuss them one at a dysarthria, constriction of the visual field, auditory disturbances
time rather than try to define them all at the same time. and tremor , fetal poisoning, brain lesions, death
Causal chain: poisoning that led to health problems and death
3. Informal definition of affected individuals, as well as pollution of water ecosystems
In this type of definition, the writer uses known words or examples to 2. Through Theories:
explain an unknown term. For sure, you have read or heard about stories explaining the
Examples: origin of an object or a place, like the Alamat ng Daragang
a. Freedom, also referred to as liberty or independence, is a Magayon in Albay or why seawater is salty. You might have also
state people reach when they are free to think and do heard theories explaining the origin of the solar system or why
whatever they please. we see reddish skies at dusk.
b. Bullying occurs when someone uses his or her power or A theory is an idea or a system of ideas intended to explain the
prestige to intimidate and terrorize another person. occurrence of an object, activity, or situation. When we were children
we all probably believed that the sun sleeps at night when the moon
B. CLARIFICATION rises. Having learned science, we now know that it is not the case.
Cambridge Dictionary defines clarification as “an explanation Rather, we understand that the revolution of the Earth influences the
or more details that makes something clear or easier to understand.” occurrence of day and night on the planet. This particular theory is
In reading and writing, you can use several strategies to clarify a not simply a product of the imagination of scientists but a result of
point and avoid Misconceptions or Miscommunication. painstaking work guided by scientific processes and tools.
Concept: penmanship
Page 9 Related theories: connection theory and motor learning theory
A kid’s penmanship depends on how much time is spent in practicing
how to write and that penmanship impacts academic achievement
based from the theories mentioned above..

Page 10
C. EXPLICATION 2. ACTIVITY B : (Written Work / Task)
Explication is a deductive process where you take a general Which is which?
concept, refine it, determine how to test for it and then carry out Directions: Identify whether the statement describes formal, informal,
the test. It is also known as exegesis. The term is of French origin, or extended definition. Write F for formal, I for informal, and E for
derived from explication de texte (explanation of text) the practice extended. Write the answer in your answer sheet.
in French literary studies of closely examining the language of a ___1. A table is a furniture that has a flat top and one or more legs.
text to determine meaning (Nordquist 2018). ___2. Yoga comes from the Sanskrit “to join.”
In the modern times, it is known as close reading, where a text is ___3. A whale shark is not a whale but a shark.
read multiple times to uncover its deeper meaning. Here, you ___4. Bullying occurs when someone uses his or her power or prestige to
explain what the main points of the author are and how they are intimidate and terrorize another person.
connected while offering your own critique of his/her arguments. It ___5. A robot is a machine that looks like a human being and performs
complex acts of a human being (Webster)
usually tells about figures of speech, tone, setting, connotations,
___6. A rose is a flower with a sweet smell that grows on a bush which has
points of view, themes, contrasts, and anything else that could add thorns on the stems.
to the meaning of a text. ___7. Liberty, also referred to as freedom or independence, is a state or
Example: condition of people who are able to speak freely.
In the final stanza of his poem The Road Not Taken, Frost talks ___8.Thermometer measures temperature change.
about his dilemma of coming upon two diverging paths, and not ___9. A family is a group of wonderful flowers.
knowing which one to choose. The third line is very important, as it ___10. Freedom, also referred to as liberty or independence, is a state
delivers an idea of choosing between the two divergent paths. The people reach when they are free to think and do whatever they please.
tone in this stanza shifts from regretful to optimistic. The two roads 3. ACTIVITY C : do not answer
symbolically represent individual choices. The mood is neither Complete Me
depressed nor unhappy, but the poet sighs because he knows what Directions: Complete the Venn diagram below. List the characteristics of
the complexities our life may have for him. Whether he has chosen a formal definition inside the first circle and the characteristics of an
a right or a wrong path, it has a compelling impact on his life. The informal definition in the second circle. Then, write the quality/qualities
phrase “less traveled” suggests the theme of individualism that are common to both in the intersection of the two circles. Do it in
your answer sheet.
(Literary Devices 2020)
Formal Both Informal
C. INDEPENDENT ACTIVITIES (Formative)
1. ACTIVITY A: (Written Works / task)
Matchy Matchy
Directions: Match the descriptions in Column A with the corresponding
terms in Column B. Write the letter of your answer in your answer sheet. Scoring Rubrics:
A B
CRITERIA PERFORMANCE INDICATORS POINT
_______1. The class where the term belongs A. definition
______ 2. most common techniques in defining B. concept paper S
______ 3.these are the characteristics of the C. Genus Similarities The identified character traits are 5 or more and do not 6
repeat. They include well described examples.
term being defined D. extended definition Differences The identified character traits are 5 or more and do not 6
_______4. needed to define abstract concepts E. formal definition repeat. They include well described examples.
_______5. defines an idea and explains its essence F. differentia Organizatio The Venn Diagram is very neat and well organized. 3
Page 11 n
TOTAL 15
4. ACTIVITY D do not answer V. ASSESSMENT (Post Test)
I Need an Explanation!
Directions: Read and explicate the poem given below. Write a 2-3 Directions: Identify the term being described in each item. Write the
paragraph explication with the rubric below as guide. Write the answer answers in your answer sheet.
in your answer sheet. 1. In this type of definition, the writer uses known words or examples to
explain an unknown term. _____________
“Trees” by Joyce Kilmer 2. It is a mode of paragraph development that answers the questions:
I think that I shall never see What is it? What does it mean? What are its special
A poem lovely as a tree. features?”________________
A tree whose hungry mouth is pressed 3. It is used to define abstract concepts that cannot be formally defined.
Against the earth’s sweet flowing breast; ______________
A tree that looks at God all day, 4. It refers to using a similar term or phrase to define a word.
And lifts her leafy arms to pray; _______________
A tree that may in summer wear 5. This definition type means stating what the word or term is
A nest of robins in her hair; for.____________
Upon whose bosom snow has lain; 6. This entails breaking down wholes into parts, aspects into levels, and a
Who intimately lives with rain. process into steps. _____________
Poems are made by fools like me, 7. This is the most common form of definition.______________
But only God can make a tree. 8. This means drawing a comparison between the topic and another
concept already familiar to readers. _____________
Scoring Rubrics: 9. This means defining a term by stating what it is not._____________
10. This means defining by the use of opposites. _____________
CRITERIA PERFORMANCE INDICATORS POINT
11. This means giving examples or narrating incidences that can further
S explain an abstract or complicated topic. ________________
Content Provided pieces of evidence, supporting 8 12. This means stating the similarity of one concept with
details, and factual scenarios another._____________
Grammar Used correct grammar, punctuation, spelling, 2 13. This refers to an explanation or more details that makes something
and capitalization clear or easier to understand. _____________
Organizatio Expressed the points in clear and logical 5 14. This type of definition explains the origin or the place where the term
n of Ideas arrangement of ideas in the paragraph comes from. __________________
TOTAL 15 15. This type of definition provides a graphic representation of the concept
to be defined. ________________
E. REFLECTION:
Directions: Write a five-sentence reflection about what you have learned Enrichment Activities
from the lesson. Use the rubric from the previous page as your guide. Do Directions: Read the selection below and write a one-page concept paper
it in your answer sheet. about it. Please see rubric on page 13, with 50 points for content, 20
points for grammar and 30 points for organization of ideas.

Page 14
Page 13
1- I belong to that classification of people known as wives. I am a wife. 5- I want a wife who will not bother me with rambling complaints about a
And, not altogether incidentally, I am a mother. wife's duties. But I want a wife who will listen to me when I feel the need
2- Not too long ago a male friend of mine appeared on the scene fresh to explain a rather difficult point I have come across in my course studies.
from a recent divorce. He had one child, who is, of course, with his ex- And I want a wife who will type my papers for me when I have written
wife. He is looking for another wife. As I thought about him while I was them.
ironing one evening, it suddenly occurred to me that 1, too, would like 6- I want a wife who will take care of the details of my social life. When my
to have a wife. Why do I want a wife? wife and I are invited out by my friends, I want a wife who will take care of
the baby-sitting arrangements. When I meet people at school that I like
3- I would like to go back to school so that I can become economically
and want to entertain, I want a wife who will have the house clean, will
independent, support myself, and, if need be, support those dependent
prepare a special meal, serve it to me and my friends, and not interrupt
upon me. I want a wife who will work and send me to school. And while I when I talk about things that interest me and my friends. I want a wife
am going to school, I want a wife to take care of my children. I want a who will have arranged that the children are fed and ready for bed before
wife to keep track of the children's doctor and dentist appointments. my guests arrive so that the children do not bother us. I want a wife who
And to keep track of mine, too. I want a wife to make sure my children takes care of the needs of my guests so that they feel comfortable, who
eat properly and are kept clean. I want a wife who will wash the makes sure that they have an ashtray, that they are passed the hors
children's clothes and keep them mended. I want a wife who is a good d'oeuvres, that they are offered a second helping of the food, that their
nurturing attendant to my children, who arranges for their schooling, wine glasses are replenished when necessary, that their coffee is served
makes sure that they have an adequate social life with their peers, to them as they like it. And I want a wife who knows that sometimes I
takes them to the park, the zoo, etc. I want a wife who takes care of the need a night out by myself.
children when they are sick, a wife who arranges to be around when the 7- I want a wife who is sensitive to my sexual needs, a wife who makes
children need special care, because, of course, I cannot miss classes at love passionately and eagerly when I feel like it, a wife who makes sure
that I am satisfied. And, of course, I want a wife who will not demand
school. My wife must arrange to lose time at work and not lose the job.
sexual attention when I am not in the mood for it. I want a wife who
It may mean a small cut in my wife's income from time to time, but I
assumes the complete responsibility for birth control, because I do not
guess I can tolerate that. Needless to say, my wife will arrange and pay want more children. I want a wife who will remain sexually faithful to me
for the care of the children while my wife is working. so that I do not have to clutter up my intellectual life with jealousies. And I
4- I want a wife who will take care of my physical needs. I want a wife who want a wife who understands that my sexual needs may entail more than
will keep my house clean. A wife who will pick up after my children, a strict adherence to monogamy. I must, after all, be able to relate to
wife who will pick up after me. I want a wife who will keep my clothes people as fully as possible. 8- If, by chance, I find another person more
clean, ironed, mended, replaced when need be, and who will see to it suitable as a wife than the wife I already have, I want the liberty to replace
that my personal things are kept in their proper place so that I can find my present wife with another one. Naturally, I will expect a fresh, new life;
what I need the minute I need it. I want a wife who cooks the meals, a my wife will take the children and be solely responsible for them so that I
wife who is a good cook. I want a wife who will plan the menus, do the am left free. 9- When I am through with school and have a job, I want my
necessary grocery shopping, prepare the meals, serve them pleasantly, wife to quit working and remain at home so that my wife can more fully
and then do the cleaning up while I do my studying. I want a wife who and completely take care of a wife's duties. 10- My God, who wouldn't
want a wife?
will care for me when I am sick and sympathize with my pain and loss of
time from school. I want a wife to go along when our family takes a References:
vacation so that someone can continue to care for me and my children Brady, Judy. 1993. "I Want a Wife." In Literature for Composition. HarperCollins
when I need a rest and change of scene. Customs Books
Cambridge Dictionary. n.d. Cambridge Dictionary. Accessed July 28, 2020. https://
Page 15 dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/English/clarification.
Development Team of English for Academic and Professional Purposes Teacher’s