Computer Science
CLASS-XII (Code No. 083)
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Python Functions - 2
2025-2026
Python Functions Part - 2
User Defined Functions
● default parameters
● positional parameters
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Default Parameter
A formal parameter/argument, whose default value is assigned in the function
definition is known as a default parameter/argument. Once we provide a default
value in a formal parameter/argument, it becomes optional during the function
call, which means it is not mandatory to pass that argument/parameter during
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function call.
def Line(N=5): def Exec(Num=2,Times=5):
print(N*'-') print(Num*Times,end="*")
Line() Exec(3)
Line(12) Exec()
Exec(4,8)
-----
------------ 15*10*32*
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Default Parameter - Rule 1
Default parameter(s) can not be before non-default parameters.
def Calc(M=2,N):
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print(M*N) SyntaxError: non-default
Calc(2) argument follows default
Calc() argument
Calc(4,8)
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Default Parameter - Rule 2
While using multiple Default parameter(s), if we provide value to one of the
default argument through a function call, it overrides the leftmost default value of
the default parameters.
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def Exec(P=1,Q=2,R=3): 18
print(P+Q+R) 20
Exec(5,10) 6
60
Exec(15)
Exec()
Exec(10,20,30) Call 1: P=5,Q=10,R=3
Call 2: P=15,Q=2,R=3
Call 3: P=1,Q=2,R=3
Call 4: P=10,Q=20,R=30
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Default Parameter
def Line(CH="-",N=4): To draw a line with N number of a given
character CH. Assume the default value of CH as
print(CH*N) "-" and N as 4
Line("#",3)
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Line('*') OUTPUT
Line() ###
Line(7) ****
Line("Hello") ----
28
Line((2,7)) HelloHelloHelloHello
(2, 7, 2, 7, 2, 7, 2, 7)
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Default Parameter
def Line(CH,N=4): To draw a line with N number of a given character
print(N*CH) CH. Assume the default value of N as 4
Line("*")
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Line("#",8) OUTPUT
Line(5,6) ****
Line() ########
30
----------
TypeError
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Default Parameter
To find the payment for a worker at the
def Pay(Hrs=8): rate of Rs. 50/hour upto 8 hours and Rs.
if Hrs<=8: 100/hour after 8 Hours. Assume 8 Hrs. as
return Hrs*50 default hrs. for worker
else:
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return 400+(Hrs-8)*100
print("Worker 1 gets",Pay()) OUTPUT
print("Worker 2 gets",Pay(7))
Worker 1 gets 400
print("Worker 3 gets",Pay(9))
Worker 2 gets 350
Worker 3 gets 500
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Default Parameter
To calculate per over average for given
def Avg(Runs,Balls=6): number of Runs and Balls. Assume the
default Balls in over as 6
return Runs/Balls
R=int(input("Runs in current over:"))
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print("Avg Run per Over:",Avg(R))
R=int(input("Runs in current over:"))
B=int(input("Balls in Over:")) OUTPUT
print("Avg Run per Over:",Avg(R,B))
Runs in current over:7
Avg Run per Over: 1.1666
Runs in current over:16
Balls in Over:7
Avg Run per Over: 2.2857
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Default Parameter
def Resident(Loc=['Delhi','India']):
print("Resident of",Loc[0]+","+Loc[1])
Resident()
OUTPUT
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Resident(['New York','US','Paris'])
Resident(('London','UK')) Resident of Delhi,India
Resident of New York,US
Resident({0:'Pune',1:"India"}) Resident of London,UK
Resident("AB") Resident of Pune,India
Resident("Mumbai","India") Resident of A,B
---------
TypeError Resident() takes
from 0 to 1 positional
arguments but 2 were given
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Default Parameter
def Loc(Place="India"):
print("Destination",Place)
Loc()
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Loc("USA") OUTPUT
Loc(110022) Destination India
Loc(("Delhi")) Destination USA
Loc(["Pune","Mah"]) Destination 110022
Destination Delhi
Loc({'City':'Jaipur'}) Destination ['Pune', 'Mah']
Destination {'City': 'Jaipur'}
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Default Parameter
def Do(A=1,B=2,C=3): # Do(C=3,B=2,A=1) OUTPUT
return A+B+C
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print(Do())
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print(Do(10)) 48
print(Do(15,30)) 600
print(Do(100,200,300)) AMARAKBARANTHONY
print(Do("AMAR","AKBAR","ANTHONY")) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8]
print(Do([1,2],[3,4,5],[5,6,7,8])) (12, 10, 34, 1, 2, 3)
print(Do((12,),(10,34),(1,2,3))) ----TypeError
print(Do({1:20},{12:90},{100:200})) # Type Error
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Default Parameter
def Some(Data=[12,30]):
print(Data[0]*5,Data[1]*10)
Some() #1 60 300
Some("AMAY") #2 AAAAA MMMMMMMMMM
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Some(['A',10,'B',20]) #3 AAAAA 100
#4 Data['Name'] <> Data[0] Key Error
Some({'Name':'Ajay','Marks':35})
Some(25) #5 Type Error
Some(2.567) #6 Type Error
Some("A") #7 Index Error
Some(True) #8 Type Error
Some(34*31) #9 Type Error
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Positional Parameter
In all the previous examples of functions before this slide, we have been using
positional parameter(s)/argument(s), where the values of the function call are
assigned in the same sequence of the corresponding identifier(s) used in the
parameter(s)/ argument(s) of the function (i.e. from left to right).
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def FIND(I,J,K,L): I J K L I J K L
print(I*J-K*L)
FIND(5,4,2,3) 5 4 2 3 40 30 20 10
a,b,c,d=40,30,20,10
FIND(a,b,c,d) a b c d
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1000
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DOs and DONTs (Default Parameters)
def ReCap1(a,b,c=9): #1 Right
----
def ReCap2(a,b=90,c=9): #2 Right
----
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def ReCap3(a=900,b=90,c=9): #3 Right
----
def ReCap4(a=900,b=90,c): #4 Wrong
----
def ReCap5(a,b=900,c): #5 Wrong
----
ReCap2(25) #6 Right
ReCap2(25,10) #7 Right
ReCap3(25,10,5) #8 Right
ReCap3() #9 Right
ReCap2() #10 Wrong
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Happy Learning…
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Thank you!
Department of Computer Science
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