Lesson 12/ Global Divides

Global divide - global disparities, often Lesson 13/ The Global South
due to stratification due to differing
Global North - may refer to countries that
economic affluence but can also be in are geographically in the northern
other aspects of globalization hemisphere or to countries that are
Social stratification is essentially the developed
phenomenon of segregating, grouping, Global South - may refer to countries that
and ranking people based on are geographically in the southern
differences hemisphere or to countries that are
developing
modernization theory- attempting to
explain pathways of development The Global South

Claudio (2014) discussed the nuances of

dependency theories - suggest that
construing the Global South.
countries are either "core" (i.e.,
developed) or "peripheral" (i.e., There is no uniform global south" (p. 4 of
developing) such that resources tend to 16) as the concept is construed both
flow from peripheries to the core. objectively and subjectively

Wallerstein (1975), world system - Economic Conditions in the Latin

composed of boundaries, structures, Americas
member groups, rules of legitimation,
and coherence.

global divide - Stratifications among

nations

Brandt line- an imaginary line that

divides the world into the developed
north and the developing south

Daniel Sneider (1980), in a special

report in EIR News Service Inc.,
summarized the contentions of the
Brandt Report (p. 27):

1. "one world economic system" that

governs even countries' taxation
d certain items
2. "zero growth and Malthusianism",
which suggests that controlling
overpopulation will cure
underdevelopment
3. "basic needs and appropriate
technology", focusing on labor
than technologies
4. "promotion of solar energy"
5. "strengthen the IMF/World Bank
system
There are two major trade organizations  Asia is diverse in culture, politics,
in the Latin Americas, Pacific Alliance and economics
and Mercosur. Alianza de Pacifico Mercosur

Organization Organization website:

Defining Global North and Global website: https://www.
South https://alianzapacific mercosur.int/en/abou
o .net/en/what-is-the- t-mercosur/mercosur-
The rise and evolution of a capitalist pacific-alliance/ in-brief/
society have created disparities in Also "Pacific Alliance" Also "The Southern
various spheres of life-social, political, Common Market"
cultural, and economic. These Founders: Chile, Founders: Argentina,
Colombia, Mexico Brazil, Paraguay and
disparities have defined gaps between
and Peru Uruguay
and among nations that are less
geographical and more socioeconomic Subsequent
in nature. members: Venezuela
and Bolivia
Global North is used to refer to Nature: Inclusive Nature: Regional
countries that are economically integration process integration process
developed, while the term Global Goal: participatory Goal: common space
South is used to pertain to countries integration for free for business
that are economically struggling ( mobility in trade, generation and
inclusive and investment
Sawe (2018) noted that Latin America equitable economic opportunities through
comprises 13 percent of the earth's development, "competitive
land surface area. The following are "platform of political integration of
some of the major countries, which are articulation, national economies
economic and into the international
generally cordial with one another.
commercial market
Countr Capital Land area integration and
y (km²) projection to the
Brazil Brasilia 8,515,767 world, with emphasis
Mexico Mexico City 1,972,550 on the Asia Pacific
region.
Colombi Bogotá 1,141,748
a  Different approaches to regional
Argentin Buenos 2,780,400 cooperation
a Aires Globalization and Regionalism
Peru Lima 1,285,216
Globalization connects countries
worldwide.
Lesson 14 / Asian Regionalism Regionalism maintains cultural and
political identity.
Regionalism- Strengthened collective
identity in a conglomerate of nations Example: ASEAN fosters cooperation in
occupying a particular geographical area or Southeast Asia
aiming at shared goals; Increase in
economic exchanges in a particular area. Role of the United Nations

Asian Regionalism is Unique  Resolves regional conflicts

 Supports peacekeeping initiatives
 "There is no single Asian idea of  Encourages international dialogue
regionalism." He & Inoguchi
  Amidst an overburdened world
system.
Hettne's Faces of Regionalism and
Idrees M continued by pointing out Degrees of Regionness
that after the Second World War,
Hettne (1996) argued that regionalism has
global trends have emerged which
two faces: the old and the new. The
show why regionalism is a necessary
following table summarizes Hettne's
phenomenon.
articulation:
 First, amidst globalization, global
problems remained to be tackled in
regional spheres. Furthermore, Hettne (1996) suggested
 Second, the collapse of the alliances that regionness as a concept has
has led to regionalism and trans- varying degrees.
regionalism trends.
 Third, regionalism is an attempt for Region as a geographical unit - A region
resilience in a world which remains can be construed as a place, as a physical
to acknowledge superpower environment
tendencies among particular states Region as a social system - A region can
such as America. be construed as a conglomerate of people
 Fourth and lastly, growing insecurity occupying a particular space and
within particular regions require possessing unique dynamics of interaction.
solutions from within these regions,
something which is made Region as organized cooperation A
complicated by global dynamics. region can be construed as a group of
nations who agree to take part and form a
Examples of Asian Regional formal organization.
Organizations
Region as civil society A region can be
 APEC (Asia Pacific Economic construed as a network of cultural and
Cooperation) social linkages among countries who
 EAS (East Asian Summit) voluntarily take part in a cooperation
 APc (Asia Pacific community) among nations.
 EAC (East Asian Community)
 ASEAN (Association of Southeast
Asian Nations) Region as an acting subject A region
 APT (ASEAN Plus Three) can be construed as a group of nations
concerned about peace, welfare, and
prosperity of its people.

Old Regionalism New Regionalism Types of Regional Conflicts

bipolar such that it was multipolar as it is  Territorial disputes (e.g., South China
produced in a schism open for multilateral Sea)
between opposing engagement and  Economic rivalries
political alliances collaborations among  Ethnic and religious tensions
countries
imposed by the spontaneous and Modern Conflict Resolution
superpowers sought voluntarily by
constituents Historical reliance on wars and force
Secures economic open inasmuch as it Current use of diplomacy and peace talks
security within is multipolar Emphasis on international law and
alliances cooperation
specific to economic comprehensive and
and political objectives multidimensional Advantages of Regionalism
(political, cultural,
economic, social)
focused only on nation- involves non-state
states actors
  Stronger political alliances AKO. PARTICULARLY FOR
 Economic growth through trade
 United global voice VALID REASON NAMAN SA
 Improved conflict management ATE KO…. BUKAS DEN AFTER
Challenges of Regionalism in Asia KO MAG EXAM BAKA BALIK
 Political differences CABANATUAN ULET AKO
 Economic inequality
 Territorial disputes BASTA MAG ENJOY LANG
 Influence of global powers like China
and the US
KAU SA PICNIC GUYSES.
Dynamics of Asian Regionalism

"Asia learned the hard way in 1998 that the

absence of regional cooperation can cost
an economic misfortune."

-Sri Mulyanilndrawati (Minister of Finance,

Republic of Indonesis); "Emerging Asian
Regionalism: A Partnership for Shared
Responsibility"

Enhanced dialogue between citizens of

various nations This is facilitated by
growing tourism activities in the regions
and the consistent multilateral meetings
among leaders of nation-states.

Expanding intraregional trade and

investments This - brings forth closer
financial markets and interdependent
economies.

Increased connectivity This is facilitated

by regional infrastructure projects as well
as collaboration in delivering public goods.

Conclusion

Asian regionalism is complex and evolving

Countries aim for unity despite differences

Regionalism and globalization can work

together

PAUMANHIN KUNG DI AKO

MAKAKASAMA AT MAY
MAHALAGANG INAASIKASO