Java Backend
Layer Phase 1: Phase 2: Scalable Phase 3: Distributed
Foundations Systems Systems & Architecture
Frontend React.js Next.js (SSR/SSG) Angular.js or Micro
Frontends (Module
Federation)
Middleware Redis (cache, Kafka (streaming, Apache Pulsar (alt to
pub-sub) event-driven) Kafka, multi-tenant)
Communication WebSocket REST APIs gRPC (contract-first,
performant RPC)
Cloud Railway, Vercel AWS (EC2, S3, RDS, GCP or Azure (multi-cloud
(for fast Lambda) design, hybrid arch)
deploys)
Container Docker Kubernetes Istio or Linkerd (Service
(container Mesh)
orchestration)
Database PostgreSQL Cassandra (NoSQL, CockroachDB /
highly available) YugabyteDB (globally
distributed SQL)
Infrastructure - NGINX (reverse Envoy Proxy (gRPC native,
proxy) scalable API gateway)
CI/CD GitHub Actions Jenkins (custom ArgoCD (GitOps), Tekton
pipelines) (K8s native CI/CD)
IaC - Terraform (infra Ansible (configuration
automation) mgmt)
Auth JWT OAuth2 + OpenID Identity Providers:
Connect Keycloak / Auth0 / AWS
Cognito
API OpenAPI Spec Swagger UI / Stoplight / GraphQL Doc
Documentation Postman Gen
API Gateway NGINX Kong (API mgmt + AWS API Gateway /
rate limit) Apigee (GCP)
API Spring Boot Spring Cloud (config, Micronaut / Quarkus
Implementation circuit breaker, (Cloud Native Java)
discovery)
Tools Jira (task mgmt) Notion / Confluence Backstage (DevPortal,
(docs & design) infra catalog)
Design Principles OOPS, SOLID, Clean Code, TDD, CAP Theorem, DDD, Event
DRY GoF, ACID Sourcing, CQRS,
Hexagonal Architecture
Layer Phase 1: Phase 2: Scalable Phase 3: Distributed
Foundations Systems Systems & Architecture
Monitoring Prometheus + Distributed Tracing: OpenTelemetry (unified
Grafana Jaeger, Zipkin observability)
Testing JUnit, Postman Selenium, REST Playwright, PACT
Assured (Contract Testing), Chaos
Engineering (Gremlin)
Error Tracking - Sentry (error + Honeybadger / Rollbar
performance
monitoring)
Secrets GitHub Secrets HashiCorp Vault AWS Secrets Manager /
Management GCP Secret Manager
Workflow - n8n (low-code Temporal / Prefect /
Automation automation) Airflow
Observability - ELK Stack (Logs) Fluentd, Loki,
OpenTelemetry, DataDog
(unified observability)
Package npm, Maven Gradle (Java builds) pnpm / Bazel (monorepo
Manager scale)
Code Quality ESLint, SonarQube (static Codacy, Code Climate
Prettier, analysis)
SpotBugs
