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Maseno Boys 2025 KCSE Prediction

A set of possible questions to expect in Final KCSE 2025 Examinations. A Confidential set of prediction questions likely to be tested. Contact Mr Isaboke from Mwalimu Consultancy to get raw copies of questions & marking schemes on 0746222000 or 0742999000

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MICAH ISABOKE

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100% found this document useful (1 vote)

3K views245 pages

Maseno Boys 2025 KCSE Prediction

Uploaded by

MICAH ISABOKE

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

ALL SUBJECTS

This prediction series serve as a standardized assessment tool, designed to evaluate our
candidates' preparedness for the national examination. This set encompass various
subjects, providing a comprehensive review and fostering competitive academic
excellence among participating Maseno School KCSE 2025 Candidates.

SUBJECTS TESTED;
Mathematics, English, Kiswahili, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, CRE,
Geography, History, Business Studies, Home-science, Agriculture
& Computer Studies.

CONFIDENTIAL!
For Marking Schemes
Mr Isaboke 0746 222 000 /0742 999 000

SUCCESS TO OUR CANDIDATES

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
231/1

BIOLOGY
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
(a) Write your name and Index Number in the spaces provided.
(b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided.
(c) Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.
(d) Wrong spelling especially of technical terms will be penalized.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY.

QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE

1-25 80
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.

1. a) Photosynthesis takes place in two stages. Name the part of the chloroplast where the light
stage occurs. (1mark)
......................................................................................................................

b) How is the dark stage dependent on the light stage of photosynthesis (2marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

2. a) Name the enzyme that speeds up transport of Carbon (IV) Oxide in the red blood cells.
(1 mark)
......................................................................................................................

b) Explain the role of haemoglobin in transport of Carbon (IV) Oxide in the body. (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

3. a) Explain why excessive use of pesticides in the soil lowers concentration of nitrates. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

b) It has been observed that 1000 wild animals including giraffes, Lions, zebras and hyenas can
occupy 10 acres of land without depletion of the available food. However, 1000 cattle will
deplete the available resources in the same piece of land. Explain. (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

4. The illustration below represents the base sequence of a section of a nucleic acid.

.
a) i) Identify the nucleic acid whose section is represented by the illustration. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................

ii) Give a reason for your answer in (a) (i). (1 mark)

b) Name the part of the cell where the section of the nucleic acid shown would be used. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................

5. The diagram below shows part of the gaseous exchange system of a given animal.

a) What is the importance of the bands of chitin observed in the part labelled M? (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

b) How is the part labelled N adapted to it`s function. (2marks)

6. The paddles of a whale and the fins of fish are both used for swimming in water.
a) i) Name the evolutionary phenomenon that may have given rise to the two structures. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................

ii) What name is given to such structures? (1 mark)

......................................................................................................................

b) Give one example of a vestigial structure in human beings. (1 mark)

......................................................................................................................

7. Below is a diagram of a plant tissue. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

a) Identify the tissue. (1 mark)

......................................................................................................................
b) Name the specialized cell marked B. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
c) Explain how the parts labelled D and E adapt the tissue to their functions. (2 marks)
D ......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
E .....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

8. State the functions of the following parts of a tooth.

i) Enamel. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

ii) Pulp cavity. (1 mark)

9. State and explain what happens to the thigh muscles in case of oxygen debt when one is running.
(2marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

10. a) Name the method by which the following excretory products are removed from plants.
i) Excess water.................................................................................................... (1 mark)
ii) Carbon (IV) Oxide from respiration............................................................... (1 mark)
b) Identify the plant excretory product obtained from raw paw paw fruits and used as a meat
tenderizer. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................

11. An experiment was carried out to study the effect of pH on hydrolysis of starch by saliva.
The results are shown in the table below.
Test tube pH Time taken (Min)
1 8 1
2 7 4
3 6.5 12
4 6 10
5 3
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

a) At what PH value was hydrolysis of starch most rapid? (1 mark)

......................................................................................................................
b) What is likely to be the time taken to hydrolyse starch in test tube 5. (1mark)
......................................................................................................................
c) Starch is hydrolysed by Ptyalin present in the saliva. Explain why the activity of ptyalin stops in
the stomach. (2marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

12. Explain how the human sperm cell is structurally adapted to perform its function. (2marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

13. In an experiment, a seedling was placed in a horizontal position as shown if figure M

below.After 48 hours, the set up was as shown in figure N.

a) Name the response exhibited by the radicle of the seedling. (1 mark)

......................................................................................................................
b) Explain how the plumule formed a curvature upwards. (3 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

14. a) If fruit flies with broad abdomens were crossed with those having narrow abdomens, all
the offspring in F1 generation had broad abdomens. Using letter A to represent the gene for
abdomen size, write the genotypes of the parents. (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

b) In the F2 generation, 150 fruit flies had narrow abdomens. How many fruit flies with broad
abdomen were in the same generation? (Show your working) (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

15. The diagram below shows a state of the mammalian heart during a heartbeat.

a) i) Identify the stage of the heart beat cycle illustrated in the diagram. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
ii) Give two reasons for your answer. (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

b) Name the valve labelled S. (1 mark)

......................................................................................................................

16. The diagram below represents a fern plant.

a) To which division does the plant belong? (1 mark)

......................................................................................................................

b) Name the parts labelled A and B. (2 marks)

A.........................................................................................................................................................

B.........................................................................................................................................................

c) Give two differences between a fern plant and a moss plant. (2 marks)
Fern plant Moss plant

17. During germination of seeds, there is production of heat.

a) Name the process that leads to heat production in the seeds. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

b) Describe how heat is produced by germinating seeds. (3 marks)

18. Below are photographs of plants taken at different times of the day.

a) Give a term used to describe the nature of cells obtained from the plant at:
i) At 6.00am (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
ii) At 12.00pm (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................

b) Explain the significance of drooping of leaves in plants. (2 marks)

c) Name the tissue that provides support in herbaceous plants. (1 mark)

......................................................................................................................

19. a) Apart from protection of underlying tissues, give two other functions of the mammalian skin.
(2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

b) Explain what makes the cornified layer of the skin to offer protection against mechanical
injury. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

20. Name two mechanisms that hinder self-fertilization in flowering plants. (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

21. Explain why growing grass dies a few days after salt is sprinkled on it. (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

22. List three differences between the nervous system and endocrine system. (3 marks)
Nervous system Endocrine system

23. Name the tissue in plants that carries out the following functions:
a) Leads to primary growth. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
b) Manufacture of food. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
.
24. The diagram below represents a mammalian bone from the appendicular skeleton.

a) Identify the bone (1 mark)

......................................................................................................................

b) State the function of the part labelled M. (1 mark)

c) Explain how the part labelled X is adapted to its function. (2 marks)

25. Give three functions of diffusion in living organisms. (3marks)

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE.

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
231/2

BIOLOGY
PAPER 2 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1. Write your name and Index Number in the spaces provided above.
2. This paper consists of two sections: A and B. Answer ALL questions in section A in the spaces
provided. In section B, answer question 6 (compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces
provided after question 8.

FOR EXAMINERS’ USE ONLY

QUESTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TOTAL
MAXIMUM 8 8 8 8 8 20 20 20 80
SCORE
CANDIDATE’S
SCORE
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
SECTION A (40MARKS)
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
1. The diagram below represents the human respiratory system.

a) How is structure labelled A adapted to its function? (4 marks)

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

b) What would be the effect of contractions of the muscles of the structure labelled C during
breathing in. (3 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

c) Give the scientific name of the organism that causes whooping cough? (1 marks)
......................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

2. The diagram below represents a section of the spinal cord.

a) State one structural and functional differences between A and B. (2 marks)

Structural
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
Functional
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

b) State three differences between a simple and a conditioned reflex? (3 marks)

c) Explain how an impulse is transmitted across region Y? (3 marks)

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

3. Form 3 students were assigned to study a particular ecosystem around the school.
a) Distinguish between an ecosystem and ecological niche. (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

b) Name a suitable method they would have used to estimate the population of wild animals.
(1 marks)
......................................................................................................................

c) State three methods which could be used to determine the diet of the wild animals. (3 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

d) Name biotic factors that could have regulated the animal population? (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

4. a) How is sex in humans determined. (3 marks)

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

b) In human, hairy ears is controlled by a gene on the Y chromosome. Using letter Y H to represent
the chromosomes carrying the gene for hairy ears, work out a cross between a hairy eared man
and his wife. (4 marks)

c) Girls will not display hairy ears, explain. (1 mark)

5. The diagram below illustrates the structure of bread mould.

a) State the function of the structure labelled K. (2 marks)

b) Describe the mode of reproduction. (5 marks)

c) State any one economic importance of members of this kingdom (1 mark)

SECTION B
Answer question 6 (compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the space provided after question 8.
6. In an experiment carried out in a tropical country, carbon (IV) oxide concentration was measured
around a plant in an open air at two hours in travels for a period of 24 hours. The results were as
shown in the table below.
Time %of co2 concentration(x10-2)
3am 3.40
5am 3.60
7am 3.90
9am 3.20
11am 2.95
1pm 2.90
3pm 2.90
5pm 2.92
7pm 3.02
9pm 3.10
11pm 3.20
1 am 3.30
3 am 3.40
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
a) Plot a graph of % carbon (IV) oxide concentration against time on the grid provided. (5 marks)

b) Calculate the rate of change in CO2 concentration between 4 a.m. and 7 a.m. (2 marks)

c) Give a reason for the change in CO2 concentration between:-

i) 7 a.m. to 11a.m (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

ii) 12 noon to 4 p.m. (2 marks)

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
iii) 5p.m. and 5 a.m. (3 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

d) With reasons identify three environmental factors that are likely to affect the results. (6 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

7. Describe how the male reproductive system is adapted to perform its functions. (20 marks)

8. Explain the role of the following hormones in growth and development:

(a) (i) Indole acetic acid. (5 marks)
(ii) Gibberellin. (5 marks)
(iii) Cytokinnin. (5 marks)
(b) Describe role of hormones in insect metamorphosis. (5 marks)

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE.

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
231/3

BIOLOGY
PAPER 3 (PRACTICAL)
TIME: 1¾ HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

CONFIDENTIAL
1. Each candidate should be supplied with the following
(i) 3 test tubes in test tube rack.
(ii) Iodine solution – supplied with a dropper
(iii) Adequate distilled water
(iv) Benedicts solution– supplied with a dropper
(v) Means of heating
(vi) 10% Sodium Hydroxide– supplied with a dropper
(vii) 1% Copper (II) Sulphate– supplied with a dropper
(viii) DCPIP– supplied with a dropper
(ix) 12cm3 of solution M in a boiling tube labeled as solution M solution M is prepared by
mixing starch and egg albumen.
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
231/3

BIOLOGY
PAPER 3 (PRACTICAL)
TIME: 1¾ HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your Name, Class and Adm No. in the spaces provided above
• Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided
• You are required to spend the first 15 minutes of the 1 3/4 hours reading the whole paper
carefully before commencing your work.
• Candidates should answer the questions in English

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

Question Maximum score Candidate’s score
1 16
2 11
3 13
Total Score 40.
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

1. You are provided with a suspension labelled M.

a) Using the reagents provided only, test for the food substances present in the suspension. In the
table below, record the food tested, procedure, observation and conclusions. 12 marks.
Food TEST Procedure Observation Conclusion

b) Name two enzymes that may be required to digest suspension M in the alimentary canal in
human. (2mark)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

c) State role of the following in the experiment. (2marks)

(i) Sodium hydrogen carbonate

(ii) Dilute hydrochloric acid

2. Experimental evidence shows that most mutations results to variations among organisms. The
illustrations I, II, III and IV below show different possible types of chromosome mutations.
Study them keenly.

a) Identify the types of chromosome mutations illustrated. (4 marks)

Illustration Name of mutation
I
II
III
IV
b) State the effect of the mutation illustrated in III. (1 mark)

c) In most cases, the mutation in II could be lethal. Explain. (2 marks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

d) During which stage of mitosis does the mutation in I above occur? (1 mark)

e) i) Define a mutation (1 mark)

ii) Give two possible environmental mutagens. (2marks)

3. The diagrams below represent body parts of some organisms (animals). Study them and answer
the question that follow

a. (i) Suggest the type of food eaten by organisms with the parts labeled A, B, C and F (4mks)
Food Reason
A

F
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(ii) With reasons, suggest the likely habitat of the organism from which the parts labeled D and E
were obtained (4mks)
Part Habitat Reason
D

b. (i) Suggest the type of evolution that is exemplified by the organisms labeled D, E and F. Give
reason for your answer.
The type of evolution (2mks)

Reason

(ii) Suggest the significance of the above named type of evolution for the organism (1mk)

c. (i) Explain briefly the meaning of analogous structures (1mk)

(ii) Give one example of analogous structure (1mk)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
233/1

CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
(a) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
(b) Sign and write the date of the examination in the spaces provided above.
(c) Answer all the questions in the spaces provided in the question paper.
(d) Non-programmable silent electronic calculators and KNEC mathematical tables may be used.
(e) All working must be clearly shown where necessary.
(f) Candidates should answer the questions in English.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

Question Maximum score Candidate’s score

1-27 80
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

1. State two laboratory rules that should be followed to avoid contamination and wastage of
chemicals. (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

2. The figure below shows a flame obtained from a Bunsen burner.

(a) Name the type of flame. (1 mark)

......................................................................................................................
(b) A matchstick head placed at region C will not ignite. Explain. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
(c) Name region A. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................

3. In the last stage of the Solvay process a mixture of sodium hydrogen carbonate and ammonium
chloride is formed.
a) State the method of separation used. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
b) Write an equation showing how lime is slaked. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................

c) Name the by - products recycled in the above process. (1 mark)

......................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

4. The following is a list of bond energies.

Bond Energy kJ/mol
C–C 348
C=C 612
Cl Cl 242
C Cl 338
Calculate the enthalpy change for the following reaction. (3 marks)

5. The equation below represents an equilibrium between chromate ions Cr 4O2- and dichromate ions
Cr2O72-
2Cr4O2-(aq)+ 2H+(aq) Cr2O72- (aq)+H2O(l)
Yellow Orange
State what would happen to the position of the equilibrium reaction if dilute sodium hydroxide
solution is added to the mixture. Give a reason for your answer. (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

6. The table below gives some physical properties of substances D, E and F. Study it and answer the
questions that follow;
Substance M.P (oC)Solubility inElectrical conductivity
water Solid Liquid
D 3700 Insoluble Non conductor Non-conductor
E 801 Soluble Non conductor Conductor
F 1083 Insoluble Conducts Conducts
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
Identify the substance that has ;
(i) Giant atomic structure (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
(ii) Giant Ionic structure (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
(iii) Metallic bonding (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................

7. An experiment was set up using chlorine water as shown below;

Sunlight
Gas G
Burette

Chlorine water

(i) Identify gas G (1 mark)

......................................................................................................................

(ii) Write an equation for the production of gas G (1 mark)

......................................................................................................................

8. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow. The diagram shows the method of
separating components of mixture Q.
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

(a) Name the part labelled X. (1mark)

......................................................................................................................
(b) State what would happen if the water inlet and water outlet in the Liebig’s condenser is
interchanged. (1mark)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

9. Element J with atomic number 12 and L with atomic number 9.

(a) To which chemical family is; (2 marks)
J - ………………………………………………………………………
L - ………………………………………………………………………

(b) Write the equation for the reaction between J and L. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................

10. Carbon and silicon are group IV elements. At room temperature, carbon (IV) oxide exists as
a gas while silicon (IV) oxide exists as a solid. Explain this observation in terms of structure and
bonding. (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

11. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

(a) Give the observation made in the beaker. (1 mark)

(b) Write an equation for the reaction that took place in the beaker. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

(c) Give one reason why the gas is directed into the beaker using the inverted funnel
as above? (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

12. a) Define solubility. (1 mark)

b) The following results were obtained during an experiment to determine solubility of solid M at
250C;
Mass of evaporating dish = 45.0g
Mass of evaporating dish + saturated solution = 59.0g
Mass of evaporating dish + dry solid B = 53.0g
Calculate the solubility of B at 250C. (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

13. When a hydrocarbon was completely burnt in oxygen, 4.2g of carbon(IV)oxide and 1.71g of
water were formed. Determine the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon given that its relative
molecular mass is 42. ( H = 1.0, C = 12.0, O = 16.0) (3 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

14. A mixture of magnesium powder and lead (II) oxide reacts vigorously to form a white residue
when heated, but no reaction is observed when a mixture of magnesium oxide and lead powder is
heated.
a) Explain this observation. (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

b) Write a chemical equation for the reaction of magnesium powder and lead (II) oxide
(1 mark)
......................................................................................................................

c) In the reaction above, identify:

The reducing agent (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................

The oxidized species (1 mark)

......................................................................................................................

15. During laboratory preparation of ethane gas, solid N was mixed with soda lime and heated .
a) Identify solid N. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

b) Give one reason why soda lime is preferred to pure sodium hydroxide pellets in this experiment.
(1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

c) State one use of ethane gas. (1 mark)

16. (a) State Graham’s law of diffusion. (1 mark)

(b) 20cm3 of hydrogen chloride gas diffuses through a porous pot in 20seconds. How long would it
take 40cm3 of Sulphur (IV) oxide gas to diffuse through the same pot under the same conditions
(H =1 Cl = 35.5 S = 32 O =16) (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

17. a) When gases are required dry, they are collected after passing them through a drying agent.
Identify the suitable drying agents for the following gases; (2 marks)
GAS SUITABLE DRYING AGENT
Ammonia
Hydrogen sulphide

b) State one use of ammonia. (1 mark)

18. Describe how to experimentally separate a mixture of lead(II)chloride and zinc carbonate.
(2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

19. Using dots(.) and crosses (x) show how magnesium combines with oxygen to form
magnesium oxide. ( Mg = 12, O = 8) (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

20. Equal masses of liquid dinitrogen tetraoxide and liquid ammonia are warmed to form gases
independently at room temperature and pressure. State and explain the gas which will occupy
greater volume. (N = 14, H = 1, O = 16) (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

21. a) Define allotropy. (1 mark)

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
b) Name the allotropes of sulphur. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
c) Which allotrope of carbon conducts electricity. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

22. The structures below represent two cleansing agents: U and V

U : R – COO- Na+
V : R – OSO3-Na+
a) Identify the class of cleansing agents to which U belongs. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................

b) Which cleansing agent is suitable for use with water which contains Ca2+ ions? Explain.
(1mark)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

c) State one disadvantage of usage of compound V. (1 mark)

......................................................................................................................

23. Study the table below showing pH of certain solutions and use it to answer the questions that
follow;
SOLUTION pH
S1 13.0
S2 3.0
S3 7.0
S4 8.5

a) In which of the solutions will phenolphthalein be colourless. (1 mark)

......................................................................................................................

b) Which of the solutions can be used to relieve heart burn? Explain. (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

24. When excess magnesium powder was added to 100 cm3 of 0.5M copper(II)sulphate solution,
the temperature changed from 250C to 310C.
a) Apart from the rise in temperature, state two other observations made. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

b) Calculate the molar heat of displacement for this reaction. (Density of water 1 g/cm3, specific heat
capacity of water = 4.2J/g/K) (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

25. The table below gives some properties of gas W and Y.

Gas Density Effect on H2SO4 Effect on NaOH
W Lighter than air React to form salt Dissolve without reacting
Y Heavier than air Not affected Not affected
(a) Describe how you would obtain a sample of dry gas Y from the mixture of gas W and Y.
(2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

(b) Suggest a possible identity of gas W. Give reasons for your answer. (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

26. (a) Using an equation show how an electron can be generated from a neutron. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

(b) The table below gives the rate of decay of a radioactive element Z.
Number of days Mass in g
0 48.0
270 1.5

Calculate the half-life of the radioactive element Z. (2 marks)

c) State one application of radioactivity in food industry. (1 marks)

27. In an experiment, various volumes of 1M sodium iodide solution were added to the same
volume of 1M lead (II) nitrate solution. The heights of the precipitate were measured and plotted
against volume of 1M sodium iodide used. The graph below was obtained.

24
Height of ppt (cm)

16
12
8
4

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
3
Volume of sodium iodide (NaI) in cm
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

(a) State the observation made when sodium iodide solution is mixed with lead (II) nitrate
solution. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

(b) What volume of sodium iodide was required to react completely with lead (II) nitrate?
Explain. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

(c) Explain the shape of the curve. (1 mark)

28. 0.45A of current was passed for 72 minutes during electrolysis of dilute magnesium sulphate
solution. Determine the volume of gas produced at the anode. (1 F =96 500 coulombs, molar gas
volume is 22400 cm3) (3 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

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MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
233/2

CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1. Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above
3. Answer all the questions in the spaces provided
4. All working must be clearly shown where necessary.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

Question Maximum score Candidate’s score
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

TOTAL 80
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

1. The grid shown below represents the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that
follow ( the letters do not represent actual symbols of the element)

K S
G T

H
L
a) Which element exists naturally as a; (2mks)
i.Diatomic gas
ii.Monoatomic gas
b) Write down the formula for the most stable ion of K and its electronic arrangement. (1mk)

c) How do the atomic radii of G and L compare? Explain. (2mks)

d) How do the first ionization energies of G and L compare? Explain. (2mks)

e) Which two electrons would react most vigorously with each other? (1mk)

f) Give an equation for the reaction between the elements you have given in (e) above. (2mks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

g) Which element has the smallest atomic radius? Explain. (2mks)

h) Give the number of valence electrons in; (2mks)

i. K
ii. T
2. Study the reaction scheme below and answer the questions that follow.
Sulphur (iv) Oxide Sodium

Step 2 Heat Step 6

Hydrogen peroxide Step 1 Oxygen Step 3 Sodium peroxide

Step 5 Copper Step 4 Water

Substance U Solution V

a) Identify substance U and solution V. (2mks)

b) Name the reagents necessary for the reactions in the following steps. (2mks)
i.Step 1

ii.Step 2

iii.Step 3

iv. Step 6

c) Give the condition necessary for the reaction in step 5 to take place. (1mk)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

d) Write equations for the reactions in the following steps. (3mks)

i.Step 1

ii.Step 2

iii.Step 5

e) State and explain the observation made in step 5. (2mks)

3. The table shows the variation of volumes at different amounts of pressure.

Pressure in 10 8 5 2 1
atmosphere
Volume (cm3) 160 200 320 800 1600
Reciprocal of
pressure (I/p)

i.Complete the table by determine the reciprocal of pressure. (2mks)

ii.Plot a graph of volume against reciprocal of pressure. (3mks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

iii. Use the graph to determine the volume of gas P at a pressure of 3.2 atmosphere. (1mk)

iv. Calculate the pressure of gas P which has a volume of 5 litres. (2mks)

v.A given volume of nitrogen gas requires 68.3 seconds to diffuse through a tinny hole in a
chamber. Under the same conditions another unknown gas requires 85.6 seconds for the same
volume to diffuse. What is the molecular mass of this gas?(r=14) (3mks)

4. In an experiment to determine the molar heat of neutralization of hydrochloric acid with sodium
hydroxide, students of Anestar Secondary school reacted 100cm3 of 1M hydrochloric acid with
50cm3 of 2M sodium hydroxide solution. They obtained the following results.
Initial temperature of acid=25.0oC
Initial temperature of base = 25.0oC
Highest temperature reached (acid +alkali mixture) = 34.0 oC
a) Define the term molar heat of neutralization. (1mk)

b) Write an ionic equation for the neutralization reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium
hydroxide. (1mk)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

c) Calculate:
i.The change in temperature( T)

ii.The amount of heat produced during the reaction (specific heat capacity = 4.2KJkg -1k-)

iii.The molar heat of neutralization of sodium hydroxide.

d) Write the thermochemical equation for the reaction. (1mk)

e) Draw an energy level diagram for the reaction. (2mks)

f) Explain why the enthalpy of neutralization of ethanoic acid with sodium hydroxide
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

5. a) The diagram below was used to prepare a gas X in the laboratory. Study it answer the
questions that follow.

i.Name gas x. (1mk)

ii.Write an equation to show the production of gas x. (1mk)

b) Study the scheme diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
Ethanol

Step 1

Step III Step II

C2H6 Ethene - CH2CH2- n

Step IV

CH3CH2Cl

i.Name the catalyst that is suitable to carry out the reaction in step 1. (1mk)
......................................................................................................................
ii.Name the process that takes place in step II. (1mk)
......................................................................................................................
iii.State the conditions necessary for the reaction in step III to occur. (1mk)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
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iv.Write down the equation for the reaction that takes place in step IV. (1mk)
......................................................................................................................

c) Other than using burning, describe how you would distinguish between ethane and ethayne.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

d) Draw and name all structures of the isomers of the compound with molecular formula
C4H8. (3mks)

6. The diagram below shows a voltaic cell formed between half cells Cr 3+(aq)/Cr(s) Eө=+0.80
Study it and answer the questions that follow.

a) What is the e.m.f of the cell? (1mk)

b) State the direction of movement of electrons. (1mk)

......................................................................................................................

c) Which electrode is the anode? Explain. (1mk)

d) State the half cell in which reduction occurs and give the equation for the reaction. (2mks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

e) What will happen to the electrodes during the operation of the cell? (2mks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

f) State two function of the salt bridge. (2mks)

7. Study the flow chart below and use it to answer the questions that follow.

SO2 Step 3 SO3 Step 4 F Step 5 H2SO4 Step 6 G

H2 Air H D

A A A D
Step 1
NH3 B C HNO3

N2(s)
Step 2

E
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

a) Name substance A,B,D, and F. (2mks)

b) Substance E and ammonium sulphate have one common use. State the use. (1mk)

c) Name the suitable catalyst in step 3. (1mk)

d) Write the chemical equation in step 4. (1mk)

e) Identify two gaseous environmental pollutants from the above flow chart. (1mk)

f) State the observation when potassium hydroxide is warmed with substance G. (1mk)

g) Write a chemical equation where concentrated sulpheric (VI) acid is used as an oxidizing agent.
(2mks)

h) Write type of reaction is shown in the equation: (1mk)

KNO3(aq) + H2SO4(l) + HNO3(g)

i) Carbon (IV) oxide reacts with red hot carbon to produce a colourless gas P. Name gas P and
state and explain the precaution you take when preparing this colourless gas P. (2mks)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
233/3

CHEMISTRY
PAPER 3 (PRACTICAL)
TIME: 2¼ HOURS

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

CONFIDENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS

Instructions to Schools:
The information contained in this paper is to enable the head of the school and the teacher in charge
of Chemistry to make adequate preparation for the Chemistry Practical Examination.
NO ONE ELSE should have access to this paper or acquire knowledge of its content. Great care
MUST be taken to ensure that the information herein does NOT reach the candidates either directly
or indirectly. The teacher in charge of Chemistry should NOT perform any of the experiments in
the SAME room as the candidates nor make the results of the experiment available to the
candidates of give any information related to the experiments to the candidates. Doing so will
constitute an examination irregularity.

REQUIREMENTS FOR CANDIDATES

In addition to fittings, and apparatus found in the chemistry laboratory, each candidate will require:
1. Solid P - 4.0 g of accurately weighed ethane-1,2-dioic acid in to stoppered container.
2. 100 cm3 of Solution Q – 0.2M sodium hydroxide solution.
3. About 2g of Solid T – a mixture of 1.5 g lead (II) carbonate and 0.5 g copper (II) sulphate.
4. Liquid U - 5 ml of ethanol in a stoppered boiling tube.
5. About 0.5g of sodium hydrogen carbonate in a stoppered container.
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
6. Distilled water in a wash bottle.
7. One 50 cm3 burette.
8. One 25 cm3 pipette.
9. One 10 cm3 measuring cylinder.
10. One empty boiling tube.
11. Six, clean dry test tubes placed in a rack.
12. One thermometer with -10oC to 110oC range.
13. One test tube holder.
14. One clean and dry conical flask.
15. A white tile.
16. A watchglass.
ACCESS TO:
1. Phenolphthalein indicator supplied with a dropper.
2. 2M HCl supplied with a dropper.
3. 2M nitric (V) acid supplied with a dropper
4. Aqueous NaOH supplied with a dropper.
5. 2M Ammonia solution supplied with a dropper
6. Source of heat (Bunsen burner).
7. Acidified potassium dichromate (VI) – K2Cr2O7.

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MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
233/3

CHEMISTRY
PAPER 3 (PRACTICAL)
TIME: 2¼ HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

INSTRUCTION TO THE CANDIDATES

a) Write your Name and Index Number, Admission Number and Class in the spaces provided at the
top of this page.
b) Answer all the questions in the spaces in the spaces provided in this paper using English.
c) KNEC Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
d) All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.

For Examiner’s use only

Questions Maximum score Candidate’s Score
1 22
2 12
3 06
40
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

1. You are provided with:

• 4.0g of solid P, ethane-1,2-dioic acid with formula (COOH)2.nH2O.
• Solution Q, 0.2 M sodium hydroxide solution.
You are required to determine:
• The solubility of solid P.
• The relative formula mass of the acid (COOH)2.nH2O
Procedure I
(i) Fill the burette with distilled water.
(ii) Place all solid P into a boiling tube.
(iii) Transfer 4.0 cm3 of distilled water from the burette into the boiling tube containing solid P.
(iv) Heat the mixture gently while stirring with a thermometer until all the solid dissolves.
(v) Allow the mixture to cool while stirring with the thermometer.
(vi) Record the temperature at which the crystals start to form in table 1 below.
(vii) Add a further 2 cm3 of distilled water from the burette into the boiling tube.
(viii) Repeat procedure (iv) to (vii) above and record the temperature crystals form to complete
table 1 below.
(Preserve the contents of the boiling tube for use in procedure II)
Table 1
Volume of distilled water Temperature at which Solubility of solid P in
(cm3) crystals of solid P first g/100g of water
appear. (oC)
4
6
8
10
12
(6 marks)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
(a) On the grid below plot a graph of the solubility of solid P against temperature. (3 marks)

(b) From your graph determine:

(i) the solubility of solid P at 45oC (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) the temperature at which the solubility of solid P is 55g/100g of water. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) How does the solubility of solid P vary with temperature? (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Procedure II
(i) Transfer all the contents of the boiling tube from procedure I into a clean 250ml volumetric
flask. Rinse the boiling tube and transfer the rinsing into the volumetric flask.
(ii) Add distilled water to the mark.
(iii) Label the resulting solution as solution R.
(iv) Fill the burette with solution R.
(v) Pipette 25 cm3 of solution Q into a clean conical flask. Add 3 drops of phenolphthalein
indicator.
(vi) Titrate solution R against solution Q to an accurate end-point.
Record your results in table 2 below.
Table 2
Titration I II III
Final burette reading (cm3)
Initial burette reading (cm3)
Volume of solution R used (cm3)
(4 marks)
(a) Determine the average volume of solution R used. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

(b) Calculate:
(i) The number of moles of solution Q used. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

(ii) Given that solution R is a dibasic acid, calculate the number of moles of solution R that reacted.
(1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

(iii) The concentration of solution R in moles per litre. (1 mark)

(iv) Calculate the formula mass of acid (COOH)2.nH2O, hence find the value of n.
(H = 1, O=16, C = 12). (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

2. You are provided with solid T, which is a mixture of two compounds. Carry out the tests
below. Write your observations and inferences in the spaces provided.
(a) Place about all solid T in a clean dry boiling tube. Add 5 ml of distilled water and shake
thoroughly. Filter the mixture and keep both filtrate and residue. Divide the filtrate into three
portions.
(i) Add aqueous NaOH dropwise to the first portion until in excess.
Observations Inference

(1 mark)
(1 mark)

(ii) Add aqueous ammonia dropwise to the second portion until in excess.
Observations Inference

(1 mark)
(1 mark)
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(b) Rinse the residue with distilled water and transfer it into a clean boiling tube. Add the nitric
(V) acid provided dropwise until all the solid dissolves.
Observations Inference

(1 mark)
(1 mark)

(c) Divide the resulting solution into three portions.

(i) Add aqueous NaOH dropwise to the first portion until in excess.
Observations Inference

(1 mark)
(1 mark)

(ii) Add aqueous ammonia dropwise to the second portion until in excess.
Observations Inference

(1 mark)
(1 mark)

(iii) Add 3 drops of HCl to the third portion. Warm the mixture.
Observations Inference

(1 mark) (1 mark)
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3. You are provided with liquid W. Carry out the following tests and record your observations and
inferences in the spaces provided.
(a) Place five drops of liquid W on a clean dry watch glass and ignite it.
Observations Inference

(1 mark) (1 mark)

(b) Place 2cm3 of liquid W in a clean and dry test tube. Add all the sodium hydrogen carbonate
provided.
Observations Inference

(1 mark) (1 mark)

(c) Place 2 cm3 of liquid W in a clean and dry test tube. Add 1 cm3 of acidified potassium
dichromate (VI) and warm the mixture.
Observations Inference

(1 mark) (1 mark)

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MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
232/1

PHYSICS
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Instructions to Candidates
❖ Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
❖ Sign and write the date of the examination paper. This paper consists of two sections; A and B
❖ Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided in the question paper.
❖ ALL working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
❖ Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used. Use g=10N/Kg

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

SECTION QUESTIONS MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE
A 01-09 25
B 10 11
11 11
12 06
13 07
14 11
15 09
TOTAL SCORE 80
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
SECTION A: 25 MARKS
1. (a) The vernier calipers shows the reading of 5.38cm. Draw the diagram showing this.
(2 marks)

(b) If the vernier calipers used had an error of 0.05cm, find the actual reading (1 mark)

2. Use the surface molecules X, Y, Z and inner molecule W shown below to explain why the
surface of a liquid is under tension (3 marks)
X Y Z

3. The diagram below shows a force pump used to draw water from a well.

C Compressed Air

Atmospheric pressure
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

Explain how the continuous flow of water through outlet is achieved (2marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

4. A uniform meter rule weighing 1.5 N is in a state of equilibrium when supported as shown
below.
3.0N

O 20 d 100
90

3.0N

Calculate the distance, d (3 marks)

5. Oil flows through a 14cm internal diameter pipe at an average velocity of 10m/s. Find the flow
rate in SI unit (3 marks)

6. (a) State the Newton’s second law of motion (1 mark)

7. The diagram below shows a simple diagram of a vacuum flask with an enlarged view of
the part in a circle.

A C

(a)What is the material of item labelled A and C? (1 mark)

(b)Explain why A and C is effective in reducing heat transfer. (2 marks)

8. (a) State Hooke’s law (1 mark)

9. State one assumptions made during determination of the size of oil molecule in the oil drop
experiment. (1 marks)

SECTION B: 55 MARKS
10. (a) Define work and state its SI unit (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

(b) A force of 15N is applied on a body causing it to move through a distance of 2m on a surface
that offers a friction of 5N Determine the useful work done (3 marks)

(c)A man uses a pulley shown in the diagram below to lift a load of 100N through a
distance of 3m.

Effort,E

3m
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

(i) If the friction is negligible, what is the value of effort E (2 marks)

(ii) Determine the work done in raising the bucket through a height of 3m (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

(iii) Determine the work done by the effort,E (2 marks)

11.The figure below shows a lever arrangement with a uniform meter rule of weight 1N balanced
by a knife edge at the 30 cm mark. The 5N weight at 0cm mark balances metal block A of
volume 2.8 x 10 -3 m3 which has been immersed in liquid L. The weight of the beaker is 2.0N
and that of liquid is 3.0N. Balance E reads 15N.

O 30 50 100

24 cm
5N
1N
A
Metal block
Liquid,L

Balance E
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Determine:
(a) The apparent weight of the metal block A (2 marks)

(b) Upthrust on the metal block due to the liquid L (2 marks)

(c) The density of liquid L (2 marks)

(d) The weight of the metal block in air (2 marks)

(e) The density of the solid (2 marks)

(f) Why does hydrometer have a narrow stem (1 mark)

12.A body is projected horizontally at an initial velocity of 120 m/s from a clift 300m tall.
Calculate;
(a)Time of flight (2 marks)
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(b)The range (2 marks)

(c)Vertical velocity at which the body strikes the ground (2 marks)

13.A stone is whirled with uniform speed in a horizontal circle having a radius of 16cm. it takes the
stone 12 seconds to describe an arc of length 8cm.
Calculate;
(a) The angular displacement (2 marks)

(b) The angular velocity (1 mark)

(c) The linear velocity of the stone (2 marks)

(d) The periodic time (2 marks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

14.(a)The diagram below shows a charcoal refrigerator used to cool milk to low temperature.

Insulating
spongy
cover

Cold milk
Wet charcoal
Metallic
tank Wire mesh

Explain how the cooling takes place in this refrigerator (2 marks)

(b) Give a reason why charcoal is suitable for cooling process (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

(c)(i) Define the term heat capacity and state its SI unit (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

(ii) An electric heater rated 15A, 240V is used to heat 2kg of water from 20°c to 1000c in 160
seconds. Determine the specific heat capacity of water. (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

(iii) Explain why the value calculated in C (ii) an estimate (2 marks)

(d) Explain how boiling point of a substance is affected by altitude (2 marks)

15.(a) Define absolute zero. (1 mark)

P P

Gas
P P

(i)State the change in pressure. (1 mark)

(ii)Explain the change in pressure in (i) (2 marks)

(iii) State the law that governs the above experiment. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................

(c)The graph below shows the distribution of speeds of a gas at a particular temperature

Peak

The number
of molecules
with speed V

0
Speed V

State how the peak of the graph would change if temperature is increased. (1 mark
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

(d)The volume of a fixed mass of a gas reduced from 500cm3 to 300cm3 at constant pressure. The
initial temperature was 90k. Determine the final temperature. (3marks)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
232/2

PHYSICS
PAPER 2 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
(a) Write your name, Index number and School in the spaces provided above
(b) Sign and write the date of the examination in the spaces provided above
(c) This paper consists of two sections; A and B
(d) Answer all the questions in section A and B in the spaces provided
(e) All workings must be clearly shown in the spaces provided below each question
(f) Non programmable silent electronic calculators may be used.
(g) Candidates should answer the questions in English

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

Section Question Maximum Candidate’s
Score Score
A 1 - 13 25
14 11
15 10
B 16 12
17 10
18 12

Total Score
80
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
SECTION A (25marks)
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided
1. Figure 1 below shows the set – up for a simple cell.

Bulb

A Copper plate

Dil H2SO4

Figure 1.

(i) Explain how electrode A becomes negative (1mk)

(ii) Explain why the bulb goes off after only a short time. (1mk)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

2. a) Figure 2 shows an object, a screen and light sources X, Y and Z.

Figure 2.
i) Complete the diagram to show the formation of a shadow (2mks)
ii) State one property of the object that makes it possible for its shadow to be formed (1mk)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
3. A highly negatively charged rod is gradually brought close to the cap of a positively charged
electroscope. It is observed that the leaf collapses initially and then diverges. Explain the
observation. (2mks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

4. Distinguish between thermionic emission and photoelectric effect. (1mk)

5. Explain why mains electricity is transmitted through alternating current and not direct Current
(1mk)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

6. Figure 3 shows two mirrors inclined at an angle of 30o to each other. A ray of light is incident on
mirrorM1 as shown

Figure 3.

Sketch the path of the ray to show its reflection (1mk)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

7. Figure 4 below shows sound waves in air produced by a vibrating tuning fork. R is an air
molecule on the path of the waves.
Oscillation

Figure 4.

i) Using a line, indicate on the diagram a distance d equal to one wavelength of the wave. (1mk)

ii) In the space provided below, show with an arrow the direction of motion of the air
molecule R as the waves pass. (1mk)

8. Figure 5 below shows a bar magnet attracting steel pin as shown

S
Steel pin

Figure 5
X Y

State and explain what would happen when a North pole of a bar magnet is brought near the tips of
steel pin X and Y. (2mks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
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9. Figure 6 below shows a wave profile for a wave whose frequency is 5Hz.
Displacement (cm)

2
1

t1 t3 t5 t7 t9
-1
-2 Time (s)

Figure 6

Determine the value of t8. (2mks)

10. Figure 7 below shows circular waves originating from the principal focus F of a concave
mirror and moving towards the mirror.

Figure 7

Complete the diagram to show the reflected waves. (1mk)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

11. Two heating coils A and B connected in parallel in a circuit produces power of 36W and
54W respectively. What is the ratio of the resistance of B to that of A (3mks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

12. Figure 8 below shows the path of light through a transparent material placed in air.
AIR

1390
Transparent

material
Ray of
light
Figure 8.

Calculate the refractive index of the transparent material. (3mks)

13. Figure 9 below shows an image; I formed by an object placed in front of a convex mirror.
On the diagram draw appropriate rays and locate the position of the object. (2mks)

I
F C

Figure 9.
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SECTION B (55 marks)
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided
14 (a) Figure 10 below shows two charged plates close to each other
++ + + + + + + + ++ + + +

Figure 10.

--------------------- - - -

(i) Complete the diagram to show the electric field patterns between the plates (1 mark)

(ii) Without changing the area of overlap, suggest any one way of increasing the charge stored
per unit voltage on the plates (2 mks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

(b) Figure 11 shows two coils P and Q placed close to each other. When the switch S is closed, an
e.m.f is induced in coil Q. Similarly, an e.m.f is induced in coil Q when the switch S is opened.

P Q

S
Figure 11.
Explain why the induced current in coil Q is higher when the switch S in coil P is opened
than when it is closed. (2 mks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
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(b) The diagram in Figure 12 below shows an induction coil used to produce sparks.

C
Soft iron core Armature Contact

A
B
Figure 12.

(i) Name parts labeled A, and C (2mks)

A…………………………………………………………………

C…………………………………………………………………

(ii) Briefly explain how the induction coil works. (3mks)

(c) State the function of part B in the diagram. (1mk)

Figure 13
i) Find the internal resistance, r. (2mks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

ii) Determine the e.m.f, E of the cell. (2mks)

(b) Three resistors of resistance 2 Ω, 3 Ω and 4 Ω, are to be connected to a cell such that they have
the least effective resistance.
(i) Draw a circuit to show how they can be connected to achieve this. (1mk)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

(ii) Determine the least effective resistance of the three resistors. (2mks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

(c) An electric iron rated 240V, 750w is to be connected to a 240v mains supply through a 3A fuse.
Determine whether the fuse is suitable or not. (3mks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

16. (a) (i) Name the metal used to shield X-rays operators from the radiation. Give reasons
why it is used. (2mks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

(ii)In a television set, magnetic fields are preferred for use as deflection system instead of
electric fields. Explain. (2mks)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

(b) Figure 14 below show regions of the complete electromagnetic spectrum.

A Visible Light B C
X Y
Figure 14. Decreasing frequency
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(i) Name the colour of light at X and Y (2mks)
X ………………………………………………
Y ………………………………………………
(ii) Name a suitable detector for radiation B (1mk)
......................................................................................................................

a.c

To C.R.O
Y D2 R

Figure 15.
(i) Sketch the graph of the output on the CRO screen in the space below. (1mk)

(ii) Explain how this output is produced (2mks)

(d) The figure shows a current – carrying conductor in a magnetic field direction of force on the
wire is as shown by the arrow.

Force

X Y

State the polarities of A and B. (2mks)

X ……………………………………………………..
Y. ………………………………………………………
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17. (a) A typical nuclear fission reaction in a nuclear reactor is given below.
𝟐𝟑𝟓 𝟏 𝟏𝟒𝟖 𝟖𝟓 𝟏
𝑼 + 𝒏→ 𝑳𝒂 + 𝑩𝒓 + 𝒙 𝒏
𝟗𝟐 𝟎 𝟓𝟕 𝟑𝟓 𝟎

(i) What is meant by nuclear fusion? (1mk)

(ii) Find the value of x. (1mk)

(iii) How are the neutrons produced used in the reactor? (1mk)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

(b) Figure 16 below shows the diagram of a Geiger – Muller tube connected to a power supply
and a pulse counter.
Argon and bromine
gas at low pressure
Mica window Insulator
Radiations

400kV

Cathode Anode
Pulse counter

Figure 16
(i) Why should the Argon gas be at low pressure? (1mk)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
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(ii) State the purpose of the bromine gas in the tube (1mk)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

(iii) Suggest one way of increasing the sensitivity of the tube (1mk)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

(c) Figure 17 below shows an arrangement used to investigate photoelectric effect

Colour filter

White Light

A C


V
J

- +

Figure 17
i) What is the purpose of the colour filter? (1mk)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

ii) State two measurable quantities in this set up (2mks)

iii) State how the intensity of light affects photo current (1mk)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
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18. (a) Under what conditions does a converging lens form Virtual images (1 mk)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

(b) Sketch on a diagram to illustrate how a convex lens is used as a magnifying glass. 3mks)

(c)The diagram in Figure 18 below shows a three-pin plug.

Figure 18.
(i) Name the colour of conductors P and Q (2 marks)
P ……………………………………………………………………………………
Q ……………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Why is the earth pin longer than the rest in the three-pin plug shown above? (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
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(b) Figure 19 shows the displacement of a practice in progressive wave incident on a boundary
between deep and shallow regions.

Deep Shallow

Figure 19.

(i) Complete the diagram to show what is observed after boundary. (1mk)

(ii) Explain the observation in (i) above. (1mk)

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MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
232/3

PHYSICS
PAPER 3 (PRACTICAL)
TIME: 2½ HOURS

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

CONFIDENTIAL
Question 1
• A carbon resistor labelled X (10Ω)
• A carbon resistor labelled Z (10kΩ)
• A voltmeter (0 – 5V)
• An ammeter (0 – 1A)
• 5 10Ω carbon resistors (unlabelled)
• Centre zero galvanometer.
• 2 new dry cells - size D
• Cell holder.
• 8 connecting wires at least 4 with crocodile clips at one end.
• Jockey
• A resistance wire labelled AB (A at 0)mounted on mm scale. (diameter 0.29mm)
• A switch.

QUESTION 2
➢ Metre rule.
➢ Screen
➢ Glass beaker (250ml)
➢ Water
➢ Plasticine.
➢ A candle.
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➢ Vernier calipers. (can be shared)

➢ Micrometer screw gauge (can be shared)
➢ Boiling tube.
➢ Test tube.
➢ Some water in a beaker
➢ Half metre rule.
➢ 2 ball bearings. (size ¼’’)
➢ Some sand.
➢ Spatula
➢ Complete retort stand.
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MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
232/3

PHYSICS
PAPER 3 (PRACTICAL)
TIME: 2½ HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:-
• Write your name, index number and school in the spaces provided above.
• Answer all the questions in the spaces provided above.
• You are supposed to spend the first 15 minutes of the 2 ½ hours allowed for this paper reading
the whole paper carefully before commencing your work
• Marks are given for a clear record of the observations actually made their suitability, accuracy
and the use made of them.
• Candidates are advised to record their observations as soon as they are made.
• Non- programmable silent calculators and KNEC Mathematical tables may be used.

QUESTION PART MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S

SCORE
1 A 05
B 15
2 A 10
B 10
40
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

QUESTION 1
You are provided with the following apparatus;
• A carbon resistor labelled X .
• A carbon resistor labelled Z
• A voltmeter (0 – 5V)
• An ammeter (0 – 1A)
• 5 10Ω carbon resistors.
• Centre zero galvanometer.
• 2 new dry cells and cell holder.
• 8 connecting wires at least 4 with crocodile clips at one end.
• Jockey
• A resistance wire labelled AB mounted on mm scale.
• A switch.
PART A
a) Set up the circuit below.

V
A

X
b) Record the voltmeter reading E when the switch is open.

E = …………………………………………………………….V (1mk)
c) Close the switch and record the voltmeter and Ammeter readings V and I respectively.
V = ………………………………………………………….V (1mk)

I = …………………………………………………………..A (1mk)

d) Account for the difference between E and V. (1mk)

e) Calculate the resistance R for resistor X. (1mk)

PART B
a) Set up the circuit as shown in the figure below.

10Ω Z

A B
P
a

b) Close the switch. Tap the jockey at various points on the wire AB and locate point P at which the
galvanometer shows zero deflection. Measure and record in the table below the length a where a
= AP.
c) Repeat procedure b) using two 10Ω resistors in series, then three resistors in series, then four
resistors in series and five resistors in series.
d) Record your readings in the table below and complete the table where X is the effective
resistance for the series combination. (5mks)
Number of 10Ω carbon One Two Three Four Five
resistors
X (Ω)

a (cm)

1
/X (Ω-1)

1
/a (cm-1)
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e) Plot a graph of 1/a (cm-1) against 1/X (Ω-1) (5mks)

f) Determine the slope m of the graph. (3mks)

𝟏 𝑹 𝟏 𝟏
g) Given that 𝒂 = 𝑲 . 𝑿 + 𝑲 where K = 100cm, use the graph to determine R. (2mks)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

QUESTION B
PART A
You are provided with the following;
• Metre rule.
• Screen
• Glass beaker (250ml)
• Water plasticine.
• A candle.
Proceed as follows;
a) Add a volume V= 200ml of water into the beaker.
b) Measure the value of h, the height of water in the beaker.
h = ………………………………………………cm (1mk)

𝑽
c) Calculate the value of internal radius R of the beaker using the formula 𝑹 = √𝝅𝒉 where π=22/7

(2mks)
R = ………………………………………………

d) Fill the beaker with water and set the apparatus as shown below.
Water
Screen
Candle
Plasticine h

x y

e) Position the candle which acts as an object above the metre rule and 10R from the centre of the
water ‘lens’.
f) Measure the object distance x. (1mk)
x = …………………………………………………………….cm
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g) Move the screen towards or away from the water lens to obtain a sharp and focused bright image
(line) on the screen.
h) Measure the value of image distance y. (1mk)
y = ………………………………………………………..cm
i) Repeat the experiment for the other values of x in the table below and note and record the
corresponding values of y. Complete the table.
Beaker position 10R 9R 8R
x
y
𝒙𝒚
𝑺=
𝒙+𝒚

I. Determine the average value of S. (2mks)

II. What does S represent. (1mk)

PART B
You are provided with the following;
• Vernier calipers. (can be shared)
• Micrometer screw gauge (can be shared)
• Boiling tube.
• Test tube.
• Some water in a beaker
• Half metre rule.
• 2 ball bearings.
• Some sand.
• Spatula
• Complete retort stand.
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

i.Measure and record the diameter of one ball bearing using the micrometer screw gauge.
d = ……………………………………………mm (1/2mk)

ii.Determine the volume V of the ball bearing. (1mk)

V = …………………………………………………..cm3

iii.Measure and record the outer diameter D of the test tube using the vernier calipers.
D = ………………………………………………….. (1/2mk)
iv.Calculate the cross-sectional area A of the tube. (1mk)

A …………………………………………………….cm2
v.Mount the boiling tube on the clamp as shown below and put some water to a height of about
8.5cm from bottom.

Boiling tube

8.5cm

Water

vi.Gently lower the test tube into the water in the boiling tube.
vii.Add some sand into the test tube bit by bit until the test tube floats upright in the water.
viii.Note and record height ho of the water in the boiling tube from the bottom.
ho = …………………………………………………cm
(1mk)
ix.Gently lower one ball bearing into the test tube and note and record the new level h in the table
below.
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x.Add the other ball bearing and note and record the corresponding height h.
xi.Compute the values of h- ho and complete the table. (2mks)
No. of ball bearings (N) Height h (cm) h – ho (cm)
1

𝐡 – 𝐡𝐨
xii.Calculate S the average value of X where 𝑿 = 𝑵
(1mk)

𝑽𝓵𝒔
xiii.Given that 𝑺=
𝑨𝓵𝒆

where ℓs is the density of steel and ℓe the density of water, determine the ratio of
𝓵𝒔
(2mks)
𝓵𝒆

𝓵𝒔
xiv.What is the significance of the ratio 𝓵𝒆
(1mk)

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MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
443/1

AGRICULTURE
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
(a) Write your name, index number, admission number and class in the spaces provided.
(b) Sign and write the date in the spaces provided above.
(c) Answer all the questions in section A and B.
(d) Answer any two questions in section C.
(e) Answers should be written in the spaces provided.

For Examiner’s Use Only

Question Maximum Score Candidate’s Score
A 1-14 30
B 15-18 20
C 19-21 20
20
Total score 90
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
SECTION A. (30 MARKS)
Answer ALL questions in this section in the spaces provided
1. Name four classes of livestock farming (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. State four advantages of landlordism and tenancy land tenure system. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Give four methods of harvesting agro forestry trees (2 marks)

4. State four characteristics of a good grain store. (2 marks)

5. Give four structural soil and water conservation measures. (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

6. Name two types of labour records kept by a farmer. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. State four methods of land acquisition (2 marks)

8. State four factors which increases seed rate during planting (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. State four importance of growing crops under optimum temperature (2 marks)

10. Name four classes of weeds. (2 marks)

11. State four factors to consider when siting a nursery bed. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. State four contents of a tomato sales receipt (2 marks)

13. State four factors that determine pesticide efficiency. (2 marks)

14. State four conditions under which land clearance may be necessary. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15. Name two non-competative market system (2 marks)

16. Name two methods of soil sampling. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
SECTION B (20MARKS)
Answer ALL the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
17. The diagram below shows a method of forage conservation

Polythene sheet
Soil layer

Drainage

Forage material

(i) Name the structure illustrated above (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Name the form of forage conservation using the above structure. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) State two factors to consider when siting the structure. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iv) Name other form of forage conservation apart from the one illustrated above. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

18. Below is a format of a record kept by a farmer. Use it to answer the questions the follow.
Date Disease symptom Animal affected Drug used Cost of treatment Remarks

(i) Name the type of farm records illustrated above. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) State two importance of the record to the farmer (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Give any two entries on the remark section. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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19. During harvesting of tomato, a farmer noticed some symptoms at the bottom of the tomato
fruit as shown below

Dark part

(i) Name the disease whose symptom is illustrated in the tomato (diagram) (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) State two causes of the disease in the tomato (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) State two ways of controlling the disease. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

20. Below is a graphical representation of a law in Agricultural economics. Study the graph carefully
and answer the questions that follow.
1400 Phase

II Phase
1200
Phase III
1000
Total output (90kg bags)

800

400

200
20 40 60 80 100

0 Fertilizer input (50kg bags

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i) Identify the law represented by the graph. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) State the law. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) Explain how each additional unit of fertilizer input relates to total output of maize in the Phases
II and III.

Phase II ………………………………………………………………………..(1 mark)

Phase III ……………..………………………………………………………..(1 mark)
iv) State the importance of the law identified in (i) above to a maize farmer. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION C (40 MARKS)

Answer any two questions from this section in the spaces provided after the last question
21. i) State five importance of irrigation. (5 marks)
ii) State four roles of calcium in crops. (4 marks)
iii) State six cultural disease control measures. (6 marks)
iv) Describe five factors that may increase the demand of maize in Bondo market. (5 marks)

22. i) State five causes of land fragmentation. (5 marks)

ii) Describe five ways by which soil looses its fertility. (5 marks)
iii) Describe transplanting of tomato seedlings from the nursery bed to a seedbed. (5 marks)
iv) Describe the management of agro forestry trees. (5 marks)

23. i) Describe five ways by which a farmer can overcome risks and uncertainties in maize
production. (5 marks)
ii) Describe harvesting and precaution taken during harvesting of tea. (5 marks)
iii) State four farming practises which may destroy soil structure. (4 marks)
iv) State six importance of crop rotation in a farming business. (6 marks)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
443/2

AGRICULTURE
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

INTRODUCTION TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and index number, in the spaces provided above.
• This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
• Answer all questions in section A and B.
• Answer any two questions in section C.
• Check and ascertain that all pages are printed
• All answer must be in English.

SECTION QUESTION MAX SCORE CANDIDATES SCORE

A 1 – 22 30
B 23-26 20
C 20
20
TOTAL SCORE 90
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
SECTION A (30MARKS)
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided
1. Name a breed of camel with two humps (1/2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. State two types of roughages as used in livestock nutrition (1mk)

3. Give two reasons why it is advisable to dehorn cattle (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Give three properties of clean milk (11/2mks)

5. Name the tool or equipment used to carry out the following routine livestock practices
a) Castration (1/2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Vaccination (1/2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. What is the role of iron in livestock nutrition? (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. List two importance of fish farming in Kenya (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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8. Name two hormones that in fluence milk let-down in dairy cattle (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. Name two exotic breeds of dairy goats reared in Kenya (1mk)

10. What is the role of a crop in the digestion system of poultry? (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11. Name two zoonotic diseases of livestock (1mk)

12. Give four routine practices carried out during calf rearing (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

13. State two factors that determine the amount of water required by an animal (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. List three methods of outbreeding as used in livestock nutrition (11/2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

15. Outline four conditions necessary for artificial incubation (2mks)

16. List three sources of lipids in livestock diet (11/2mks)

17. Name two parasites of bees (1mk)

18. State four qualities of an ideal calf pen (2mks)

19. Give four reasons why stones are good as construction materials (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

20. Name a disease transmitted by the following vectors (1mk)

a) Tsetse fly ……………………………………………………..
b) Brown ear tick ……………………………………………………..
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21. List four requirements in a deep litter house (2mks)

22. Give two causes of soft shells in eggs (2mks)

SECTION B (20MKS)
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided
23. Study the diagram and answer questions that follow.

a) Identify the condition or deficiency disease as illustrated in J and K above

J ……………………………………………………………………………(1mk)
K ……………………………………………………………………………(1mk)

b) Name cause of the deficiency condition in

J …………………………………………………………………………….(1mk)
K ……………………………………………………………………………(1mk)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

c) Give one remedy to control condition K in lactating cows (1mk)

24. Below is a diagram illustrating a farm implement. Study it and answer the questions that
follow.

a) Identify the implement (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State:
(i) The role of the part labelled Y (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Three uses of the implement on the farm (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………...…
c) List two maintenance practices carried out on the implement (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..……………
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25. The diagram below represents methods of identifications in livestock. Use them to answer
questions that follow.

a) Name the three methods shown above (11/2mks)

b) State three importance of identification method shown above (11/2mks)

26. The diagram below illustrates a common practice in poultry production

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

a) Identify the practice (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Give abnormalities of eggs that can be observed using the above illustrated practice (4mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION C(40MKS)
(Answer any two questions from this section)
27. a) Discuss causes and control of cannibalism in poultry. (10mks)
b) Highlight various measures that famers undertake to control tapeworms (5mks)
c) Explain the importance of streaming up in dairy cattle (5mks)

28. a) Describe the precautions undertaken while handling farm tools and equipment(10mks)
b) Discuss contagious abortion disease under the following sub headings:
(i) Animals attacked (2mks)
(ii) Casual organism (2mks)
(iii) Symptoms (2mks)
(iv) Control measures (4mks)

29 a) Discuss the structural and functional differences between petrol and diesel engines
(10mks)
b) Describe general characteristics of indigenous cattle breeds (5mks)
c) Outline five general methods of disease control in livestock (5mks)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
565/1

BUSINESS STUDIES
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

Instructions to Candidates
a) Write your name and Admission number in the spaces provided above.
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above
c) Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided below each question.
d) All your answers must be written in English.
For Examiner’s Use Only

QUESTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Candidate Score

QUESTION 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Candidate Score

TOTAL
MARKS
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

1. Name the internal environment described by the following statements. (4 marks)

Description Type of Internal
Environment
a) Allows duties to be allocated to the right people thus resulting in
higher productivity.
b) Helps the business achieve its objectives e.g. higher production
level of goods and services.
c) Makes employees to acquire norms and code of conduct that is
acceptable to all.

d) Level of knowledge of the entrepreneur

2. State four reasons why choice should be made in satisfying human wants. (4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. You have been charged with a duty of preparing an Article of Association for your company. State
four items that you will include in your Article of Association. (4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. State four reasons why consumers need protection from unscrupulous traders. (4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

5. Highlight four contents of a cover note. (4 marks)

6. State the books of original entry in which each of the following transactions would be recorded.
(4 marks)
Transactions Books of original entry
d) Bought a machinery on credit
e) Received sh. 40,000 from Mweni a debtor
f) Sold goods worth sh. 20,000 on credit to Salama
g) Returned goods previously bought on credit to Wainaina

7. The following information relates to commodity ‘X’.

Year Price (shs)
2010 450
2014 675
a) Calculate the consumer price index. (3 marks)

b) Comment on your answer. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

8. State four benefits that consumers get from warehousing. (4 marks)

9. The following information relates to Kitui Traders for the year 2013.
Turn over Sh. 270,000
Margin 40%
Rate of turnover 6 times
Expenses Sh. 40,000
From the information given above, Calculate:-
(a) Net profit. (2 marks)

(b) Average stock (2 marks)

10. Outline four differences between perfect competition and monopoly. (4 marks)
Perfect competition Monopoly
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

11. Outline four features of an economic union level of economic integration. (4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

12. Highlight four monetary tools that may be employed by the government to increase the
amount of money in circulation. (4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

13. State four ways of creating the utility of goods and services. (4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. Outline four sources of business idea. (4 marks)

15. State whether the tax described below is direct or indirect (4 marks)
a) Stamp duty ………………………………………………
b) Wealth tax ………………………………………………
c) Excise duty ………………………………………………
d) Value added tax ………………………………………………

16. Outline four current trends in the road transport in Kenya today. (4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

17. State four negative implications of production activities on the community. (4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

18. Give any four causes of changes in asset stock. (4 marks)

19. State four benefits a trader may get by advertising products using posters. (4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

20. Outline four goals of development. (4 marks)

21. A business enterprise had a cash balance of 50,000 and overdraft of sh 15,000 on 1st June 2007.
The following transactions were conducted.
June 2, A debtor paid sh 40,000 by cheques
June 10, The business bought stock sh 10,000 in cash and paid a creditor sh. 5,000 by cheque
June 15, Sold goods sh 30,000 cash.
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

Required: Prepare a two column cash book. (4 marks)

22. The diagram below represents the demand and supply of bananas in the local market.

Highlight four consequences of selling the bananas at price P2. (4 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

23. Outline four circumstances under which one may use signs in communication. (4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

24. State four circumstances under which a business organization may decide to dispose off a
machine. (4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

25. Omamo bought goods worth Sh. 100,000 from Jabali Traders on 2 nd January 2022. He was
given 5% trade discount and a cash discount as follows; 2% if payment is made within 30 days,
5% if payment is made within 15 days and 10% if payment is made within 10 days.
Calculate the amount he will pay after a fortnight. (4 marks)

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MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
565/2

BUSINESS STUDIES
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES
a) Write your name and stream in the space provided above.
b) This paper consists of six questions
c) Answer any five questions of your choice in the spaces provided.
d) All questions carry equal marks
e) Students should answer the questions in English.

For Examiner’s Use Only

Question Maximum Score Candidate’s Score
1 20
2 20
3 20
4 20
5 20
6 20
Total
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

1. a) Kenya experiences frequent increase in prices of essential goods and services.

Explain five factors that causes the above trend. (10 marks)
b) Highlight five benefits of turning a private limited company into public limited
company (10 marks)

2. a) Explain five measures that the government may put in place to reduce the amount of
money in circulation (10 marks)
b) Explain five features of economic resources. (10 marks)

3. a) Explain five benefits that may accrue to a community involved in home trade
(10 marks)
b) The following balances were extracted from books pf Victoria’s traders for the year end
31/12/2021
SHS
Rent 48,000
Lighting 7,200
Water 9,220
Salaries 75,000
Commission received 12,370
Discount allowed 4,600
Discount received 8,500
Gross profit 320,000
General expenses 98,000
Stock 25,250
Motor vehicle 2,300,000
Furniture 650,000
Debtors 270,000
Creditors 396,400
Bank 200,000
Cash 50,000
Capital 3,000,000

prepare;

(i) profit and loss account for the year end 31/12/2021 (5½ marks)
(ii) balance sheet as at 31/12/2021 (4½ marks)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

4. a) Explain five circumstances under which an insurer may not compensate the insured
after the occurrence of the risk (10marks)
b) Explain five merits of direct taxes (10 marks)

5. a) Highlight five sales promotional methods which may be used by traders to increase
sales volume of their products (10 marks)
b) The following transactions relates to Kajembe traders for the month of May 2023.
May 1: Balance brought down cash shs.16,500 and Bank shs.19,847
May 2: Sold goods worth shs.1,348 to Paul and received a radio in exchange.
May 5: Paid transport by cheque shs.2,000
May 6: Issued a cheque to Sakwa traders settling an invoice for shs.10,000 deducting 2% cash
discount.
May 10: Transfer shs.15,000 from cash till to bank.
May 12: Sold goods for cash shs.12,000 less 2% cash discount.
May 13: Sold goods to Onyango on credit worth shs.15,000
May 14: The owner of the business withdrew shs.3,000 in cash to buy a present for the daughter.
May 16: Received a cheque from Kuria shs.2,500 less 5% cash discount.
May 22: Bought furniture from Wako traders in credit worth shs.16,500 and cash discount of 10% if
payment is made within 2 weeks.
May 24: Withdrew cash from bank for office use shs.8,000
May 26: The owner brought into the business shs.9,000 cash.
May 27: Issued a cheque to Wako traders for amount due.
May 28: Sold goods to Kuria worth shs.5,000 for shs.3,800 and received a cheque.
May 30: Banked all cash and remained with shs.1000 in the cash till.

Required: Prepare Kajembe Traders three column cash book for the month of may 2023.
(10 marks)

6. a) Highlight five factors that may negatively affect the demand for a product in the market.
(10 marks)
b) Discuss five reasons why less developed countries are reluctant in implementing free trade
agreement. (10 marks)
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MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 1
TIME: 2½ HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
(a) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
(b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
(c) This paper consists of six questions.
(d) Answer any five questions in the spaces provided at the end of question 6.
(e) Do not remove any page from this booklet.
(f) Answer completely the questions chosen. No blank spaces to be left.

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

Questions Candidates Total
Score
Candidate’s score
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

1. (a) State seven reasons why the Bible is called the word of God. (7 marks)
(b) Outline the translation of the Bible from the original languages to the present local
languages. (7 marks)
(c) Identify six ways in which the Bible is misused in Kenya today. (6 marks)

2. (a) Outline the background to the call of Abraham. (8 marks)

(b) Give instructions given to Abraham by God concerning the Jewish circumcision. (6 marks)
(c) Explain six reasons why circumcision was important to the Jews. (6 marks)

3. (a) Give seven reasons why Prophet Samuel was against kingship in Israel. (7 marks)
(b) Describe Mount Carmel contest between Prophet Elijah and prophets of Baal. (7 marks)
(c) Identify lessons learnt about the nature of God from the contest at Mount Carmel. (6 marks)

4. (a) Give ways in which prophetic messages were written. (6 marks)

(b) Explain four visions of prophet Amos. (8 marks)
(c) Identify ways in which God speaks to Christians today. (6 marks)

5. (a) Explain four promises that the Israelites made when they renewed their covenant with God
during the time of Nehemiah. (8 marks)
(b) Identify final reforms carried out by Nehemiah to restore the worship of God in Judah.
(5 marks)
(c) Give seven reasons why Nehemiah carried out the reforms. (7 marks)

6. (a) Outline seven methods used in choosing marriage partner in Traditional African Community.
(7 marks)
(b) Explain the African understanding of hierarchy of beings. (7 marks)
(c) Outline six moral values acquired during initiation in African Traditional Community.
(6 marks)
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MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

Questions Candidates Total
Score
Candidate’s score
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

1. a) Outline the events that took place during the dedication of Jesus in the temple as recorded in
Luke 2:22-40. (7 marks)
b) Identify six virtues a Christian can acquire from the incident when Jesus accompanied his parents
to the temple at the age of twelve (6 marks)
c) Give seven reasons why children should take part in church activities. (7 marks)
,
2. a) Describe the healing of the Gerasene demoniac in Luke8:26-39 (8 marks)
b) Give six reasons why Jesus healed the sick (6 marks)
c) Identify ways in which Christians can settle disagreements among themselves (6 marks)

3. a) Outline eight events that took place during the crucifixion of Jesus.(Luke 23:26-43) (8 mrks)
b) Identify six ways in which Joseph of Arimathea acknowledged the Lordship of Jesus. (6 marks)
c) What lessons do Christians learn from Jesus answer to the Sadducees question on resurrection
Luke 20:27-40 (6 marks)

4. a) Explain how the unity of believers is expressed in the body of Christ (8 marks)
b) How was the life of Peter transformed on the day of Pentecost? (6 marks)
c) Explain six ways in which the gifts of the Holy Spirit are abused in the church today. (6 marks)

5. a) State seven similarities in the traditional African and Christian view on work. (7 marks)
b) State the Christian teaching on human sexuality (7 marks)
c) State six virtues that are related to various types of work (6 marks)

6. a) Identify seven ways Christians spread the gospel using the print media (7 marks)
b) Give seven reasons why Christians are opposed to deforestation (7 marks)
c) How can Christians help to protect the environment? (6 marks)
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MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
311/1
HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
PAPER 1
TIME: 2½ HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES.
i Write your Name, Admission number and stream.
ii Answer ALL questions in the answer sheets provided.
iii Answer ALL questions in section A, Three questions in the section B and Two questions in
section C.
iv Candidates should answer the questions in English.

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

SECTION A B C TOTAL
1--17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

SCORE
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
SECTION A-25 MARKS
Answer all questions from this section
1. Identify the branch of History that deals with the leadership in Kenya (1mk)
2. Name the archaeological site in Kenya in which the remains of Kenyapithecus
were discovered. (1mk)
3. Give two economic ways in which the Kenyan communities interacted in pre-colonial period
.(2mks)
4. Name two sub-sections of the Maasai community in Kenya in the pre-colonial period. (2mks)
5. Identify the main feature of the system of education in Kenya during the colonial period.(1mk)
6. Define the term “citizenship” (1mk)
7. Give the main reason for the formation of the Kenyan African Democratic Union (KADU)(1mk)
8. Mention any two ways through which one can become a member of the National Assembly
in Kenya. (2mks)
9. Identify the head of the Judiciary in Kenya. (1mk)
10. Give the main reason why the British used indirect rule in some parts of Kenya (1mk)
11. Name the body that made laws in Kenya during the colonial period. (1mk)
12. Outline two problems experienced by political associations in Kenya up to 1939 (2mks)
13. Name the first national philosophy in Kenya at independence. (1mk)
14. Identify two voting systems that have been used in Kenya since independence. (2mk)
15. Identify two types of ownership of land as spelt out in the Kenyan constitution (2mks)
16. State two ways through which the savings and Credit co-operative societies in Kenya benefit
their members. (2mks)
17. Identify two examples of recurrent expenditure in Kenya. (2mks)

SECTION B (45MKS)
Answer any THREE questions from this section.
18. (a) Name five Eastern Bantu communities which settled in Kenya during the pre-colonial period
(5mks)
(b) Describe five socio-political effects of the migration and settlement of the plain Nilotes
during the pre-colonial period (10mks)

19. (a) State five reasons for the Portuguese success to conquer the Kenyan coast (5mks)
(b) Explain five factors that made the Akamba to participate in the long distance trade (10mks)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

20. (a) Give five reasons for the construction of the Uganda railway (5mks)
(b) Explain five ways in which the colonial government promoted settler farming in Kenya
(10mks)

21. (a) State five factors that facilitated Mau Mau movement in Kenya (5mks)
(b) Explain five roles played by the trade unions in the struggle for independence in Kenya (10mks

SECTION C (30mks)
Answer any two questions from this section
22. (a) State three types of issues that can cause a conflict (3mks)
(b) Explain any six peaceful methods of conflict resolutions (12mks)

23. (a) List three members that compose the cabinet in Kenya (3mks)
(b) Explain six reason that may lead to a presidential by-election in Kenya (12mks)

24. (a) Give five factors to consider when changing county boundaries in Kenya (5mks)
(b) Explain five challenges faced by the county governments in Kenya (10mks)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
311/2
HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

SECTION A B C TOTAL
1--17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

SCORE
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
SECTION A-25 MARKS
Answer all questions from this section
1. Define the term monarchical government. (1 mark)
2. Identify two physical features of Dryopithecus africanus. (2 marks)
3. State one contribution of John Deere in the field of Agriculture. (1 mark)
4. Mention two urban centres that emerged as result of early agriculture in Mesopotamia.
(2 marks)
5. Give the main item of trade from North Africa during the Trans – Saharan trade. (1 mark)
6. Name two titles used to refer to the Swahili officials in the administration of German in
Tanganyika. (2 marks)
7. Give one function of the Emirs during the British indirect rule in Nigeria. (1 mark)
8. Identify two characteristics of the French policy of assimilation. (2 marks)
9. Mention one type of spirit in the Shona kingdom in the 19th century. (1 mark)
10. Give two duties of Lukiiko in the Buganda Kingdom. (2 marks)
11. Give two Nations which belonged to the triple Entente during the First World War.
(2 marks)
12. State two functions of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) as an organ of the League of
Nations. (2 marks)
13. Name the European power that colonized the Democratic Republic of Congo. (1 mark)
14. Identify the name of the Military wing of the African National Congress (ANC) formed in
South Africa. (1 mark)
15. Identify the immediate cause of the First World War. (1 mark)
16. State two economic blocks formed during cold war. (2 marks)
17. State the main objective of Economic Community of West African states (ECOWAS).
(1 mark)

SECTION B: (45 MARKS)

Answer any three questions from this section in the space provided at the end of question 24.
18. (a) Give five ways in which the development of the upright posture improved the early man’s
way of life. (5 marks)
(b) Explain five aspects of culture of man that had their origin during the late Stone Age Period.
(10 marks)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

19. (a) Outline five roles of the Tuaregs during Trans – Saharan Trade. (5 marks)
(b) Explain five factors for the decline of Trans – Atlantic trade. (10 marks)

20. (a) Outline five methods which were used by Europeans to acquire colonies in Africa.
(5 marks)
(b) Explain five reasons why Africans were defeated during the Maji Maji rebellion in Tanganyika.
(10 marks)

21. (a) Outline five ways in which Julius Nyerere promoted education in Tanzania. (5 marks)
(b) Describe five political reforms introduced by Mobuth Sese Seko in DRC. (10 marks)

SECTION C: (30 MARKS)

Answer any two questions from this section in the space provided at the end of question 24.
22. (a) State three political factors for the growth of the Shona Kingdom in the 19 th century.
(3 marks)
(b) Describe the social organization of the Asante Kingdom. (12 marks)

23. (a) Give three characteristics of common wealth member states. (3 marks)
(b) Explain six political effects of the Second World War. (12 marks)

24. (a) List any of the three official languages used in the United Nations Organization (UNO).
(3 marks)
(b) Explain six challenges facing the United Nations Organization (UNO). (12 marks)

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MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
312/1

GEOGRAPHY
PAPER 1
TIME: 2½ HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

Instructions to Candidates:
(a) This paper has two sections A and B.
(b) Answer all questions in section A.
(c) Answer question 6 and any other two questions from section B.
(d) Candidates should answer the questions in English.
FOR EXAMINER’SUSE ONLY
SECTION A
QUESTION 1 2 3 4 5 SUB-TOTAL =
SCORE
SECTION B
QUESTION 6 7 8 9 10 SUB-TOTAL =
SCORE

GRAND TOTAL =
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

SECTION A (25 Marks)

1. The diagram below represents movement of the earth. Use it to answer the following questions.

a. i. Identify the type of movement (1mk)

ii. Describe how the above movement causes day and night (2mks)
b. State three proofs that the shape of the earth is spherical (3mks)
2. The diagram below shows a simple hygrometer. Use it to answer questions.
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

(a) Identify the parts labelled X and Y. (2mks)

(b) Outline the steps followed when measuring humidity using hygrometer (3mks)
3. (a) Differentiate between intensity of an earthquake and magnitude of an earthquake (2mks)
(b)Name three major zones of the world. (3mks)
4. (a) Name two lakes in East Africa which were formed as a result of crustal down warping (2mks)
(b)State three reasons why some lakes are salty. (3mks)
5. (a) List two types of dunes (2mks)
(b)Identify two processes through which wind transports materials in arid areas. (2mks)

SECTION B. (75 Marks)

Answer question 6 (compulsory) and any other two questions from this section.
6. Study the map of Mumias (1:50,000) sheet 101/2 provided and answer the following questions.
a) i) Convert the linear scale of the map into statement scale. (2marks)
ii) Give the six figure grid reference of TingoloSchool. (2marks)
iii) What is the bearing of Air Photo Principal Point 92/KE/4 157 from Indangalasia school.
. (2marks)
iv) What is the length in Kilometres of the All Weather loose surface road from Ka to Petros
in theEastern part covered by the map? (2maarks)
v) Give three relief features found in the area covered by the map. (3marks)
b) Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map. (6marks)
c) Draw a rectangle measuring 12cm by 8cm to represent the area to the North of Northing 40
and East of Easting 61. (1mark)
On the rectangle, mark and name:
• All Weather Loose surface road. (1mark)
• River Nzoia. (1mark)
• Mwira School. (1mark)
d) Citing evidence from the map, give two economic activities carried out in the area covered by
the map. (4marks)

7. (a) Differentiate between the process of formation of plutonic and volcanic rocks. (2mks)
(b)i. For each of the following sedimentary rocks, name the resultant rocks that forms after
metamorphism.
• Sand stone (1mk)
• Limestone (1mk)
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• Clay (1mk)
ii. Describe the process of formation of the following type of sedimentary rocks.
• Mechanically formed (4mks)
• Organically formed (4mks)
(c) Explain the significance of rocks to the economy of Kenya under the following
i. Tourism
ii. Emergy
iii. Water
(d) You are planning to carry out a field study on rocks within the local enevironment.
i. List three methods you would use to record data. (3mks)
ii. State three problems you are likely to encounter (3mks)

8. (a) i. Apart from fold mountains , name three other features resulting from folding (3mks)
ii.In which countries are the following fold mountains found.
• Andes
• Cape ranges
• Atlas
(b) The map below shows the location of some fold mountain ranges.
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i. Identify the orogenies during which the the mountains marked P, Q, R, S were formed. (4mks)
(c) With the aid of a well labelled diagram, describe how the fold mountains were formed (10mks)
(d) State five significance of fold mountains to human activities (5mks)

9. The map below shows some vegetation regions of the world. Use it to answer questions a to c.

a) Name the temperate grasslands marked H,J and K. (3mks)

b) Describe the characteristics of the natural vegetation found in the shaded area marked N. (6mks)
c) i. Explain four ways in which the vegetation found in the area marked M adapts to the
environmental conditions of the region (8mks)
ii. Give two reasons why Tundra region has scattered vegetation (2mks)
(d)You are required to carry out field study of the vegetation within the local environment.
i. Apart from identifying the different types of plants, state three other activities you will carry out
during the field study. (3mks)
ii. How will you identify the different types of plants (3mks)
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10. (a) i. Differentiate between a barrier reef and a fringing reef (2mks)
ii.The diagram below represents some coastal features . Name the features marked P, Q,R

(3mks)
iii. State two conditions necessary for the formation of a beach (2mks)
(b). With the aid of a well labelled diagram, describe the process through which a stack is formed
(8mks)
(c) i.State four conditions that favour the growth of corals. (4mks)
ii. Explain three ways in which coral contributes to the economic development of Kenya (6mks)
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MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
312/2

GEOGRAPHY
PAPER 2
TIME: 2¾ HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

Instructions to the candidates

a) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above
c) This paper consists of two sections; A and B
d) Answer ALL questions in section A.
e) Answer question 6 and any other two questions from section B
f) Answers MUST be written in the spaces provided at the end of question 10

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

SECTION QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE
A 1 - 5 25
6 25
B 25
25
TOTAL SCORE
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SECTION A
Answer All the questions in this section
1. a). Define the term Forestry (2marks)
b). Give the reason why softwood forests in the Kenya Highlands mature faster than those in
Canada. (2marks)
c). Name the tree species that grows on the saline coastal waters (1mark)
2. a). Identify two methods that are used to drain swamps in Kenya (2marks)
b). Give three benefits of draining Yala swamp to the local community (3marks)
3. a). Define the term green energy (2marks)
b). Name three sources of Green Energy (3marks)
4. a). Name two rivers in Africa, that are navigable (2marks)
b). State three factors that have hindered river transport in Africa (3marks)
5. a). Name two deciduous fruits grown in Kenya (1mark)
b). State three reasons why horticulture farming is concentrate near Naivasha (3marks)

SECTION B
Answer question 6 and two other questions from this section
6. Use the following table to answer questions 6(a) (i) and (ii)
Number of dairy animals in division x in the Kenyan highlands in 1982
BREED NUMBER
Gursey 8442
Ayshire 7345
Jersey 10,830
Fresian 14,360
Sahiwal 4,270
a). (i) Using a scale of 1cm to represent 4000 animals represent the above data using a simple
divided rectangle (8marks)
(ii). Give three advantages of using divided rectangles to represent data (3marks)
(iii). State three advantages of using artificial insemination in cattle breeding (3marks)
b). Give three characteristics of each of the following types of farming.
(i) Subsistence farming (3marks)
(ii) Extensive farming (3marks)
c). State five human factors that favour beef farming in Argentina (5marks)
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7.(a) (i) Differentiate the term veins from Lodes in mining (2marks)
(ii) State the reason why mining is called a Robber Industry (2marks)
(b) (i) Fill in the table below on Kenyan minerals(in your answer booklet)
Mineral Where mined Mining method used
God (2marks)

Limestone (2marks)

Petroleum/ Oil
(2marks)
(ii) Describe how Trona is mined in Lake Magadi (4marks)
(iii) State four ways in which Trona mining has promoted the growth of Magadi Town in Turkana
County
(c).(i) Name two provinces in South Africa where Gold is mined (2marks)
(ii) State five problems facing Gold mining in South Africa (5marks)

8. (a). Use the map of North America below to answer question (a)(i) and (ii)
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(i) Name the fishing grounds marked M and N (2marks)

(ii) From the map identify the physical factor favouring fishing in the two named grounds
(1mark)
(iii) State three measures taken to conserve the Salmon fish in the fishing ground mark M from
depletion (3marks)
(b).(i). Name three main fish landing beaches on Kenya’s Lake Victoria (3marks)
(ii). Explain four factors favouring fishing in Lake Victoria (8marks)
(c). (i). What is fish farming (2marks)
(ii). Apart from the Tilapia, name two main types of fish reared in fish farms in Kenya
(2marks)
(iii). State four reasons why Tilapia is more popular in fish farming in East Africa (4marks)

9. (a)(i) Distinguish between balance of trade and balance of payment (2marks)

(ii). If Kenya imported electronics and automobiles worth Ksh. Ksh. 200,002,987/=, medical
services worth Ksh. 185,876,440/= in the year 2000, while their exports the same year were
agriculture, Ksh. 189,000,657/= and education Ksh. 150,012,230/=. Calculate Kenya’s balance of
trade in that year. (2marks)
(b). (i). List three major exports from Kenya to the European Union (3marks)
(ii). Give four reasons why Southern African Development Co-operation (SADC) was formed.
(4marks)
(c).(i). Explain the following trade restrictions terms
- Tarifs (2marks)
- Quotas (2marks)
- Trade agreements (2marks)
- Total bans (2marks)

(ii). Explain three factors which negatively impact on Kenya’s International trade (6marks)
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10.(a)(i). Identify the statistical diagram below (1mark)

(ii). Name three types of information that may be derived from the above statistical diagram
(3marks)
(iii). Give three factors that influence population growth (3marks)
(b).(i). Explain four possible reasons for the sudden rise of population in North Eastern Kenya
(8marks)
(ii). State three negative effects of a high population growth on the natural environment
(3marks)
(c). (i). Name three other types of internal migration other than Rural to urban (3marks)
(ii). State five measures taken by the Government to curb rural to urban migration (4marks)

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MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
101/1

ENGLISH
PAPER 1 (FUNCTIONAL SKILLS)
TIME: 2 HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

Instructions to candidates
(a) Write your name, admission number and class in the spaces provided above.
(b) This paper has three sections: 1, 2 and 3.
(c) Answer ALL questions in this paper.

For Examiner’s Use Only

Question Maximum Candidate’s Score
Score

1 20

2 10

3 30

Total 60
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Q1. FUNCTIONAL WRITING

(20 Marks)
You are the secretary of Debating Club in your school; recently the club held a meeting and the
following issues were discussed;
• Election of officials
• Income generating activities in the club
• Preparation for the great debate.
In the meeting, 8 members were present, 3 including the vice chairperson sent apologies and the
whereabouts of 2 members were unknown. The club patron also attended the meeting. Apart from
the main issues, members raised two issues from the previous meeting. Write down the minutes of
the meeting.
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Q2. CLOZE TEST

Fill in each of the blank spaces in the following passage with the most appropriate word.
(10 marks)
Four weeks to the Africities Summit, (1) …………… the host city of Kisumu is bristling (2)
……………… excitement and anticipation, with good reason. (3) …………………10,000
visitors are expected to converge on the lakeside city, drawn (4) …………………all over the world
by a continental summit that happens once every three (5) ………………About 5,000 of them will
be foreign delegates keen to join in a discourse that African cities and how they evolving into a
truly unpredictable(6) ……………… The other 4000 will be exhibitors at a gigantic exhibitions
centre and service providers to ensure that the (7) …………… do not lack anything.
Many have been skeptical (8) ………………… Kisumu could handle such a large influx of people
even if it is the third largest city in the country. Well, the city is well-prepared in all aspects. It has
been for a while. Significant investments have been made in infrastructure and (9) ……………. is
still going on to complete roads around and near the Mamboleo ASK Showground where the event
will be held. The major streets are spruced up, as they have been for many months, thanks to the
work done (10)……………. the County Government of Kisumu.

3. ORAL SKILLS (30 Marks)

A. Read the following poem and then answer the questions that follow. (8marks)
The Bride.
Why do you wear that dress so white?
Why do you wear that veil so light?
Why do your young eyes shine so bright?
Is it your wedding?

I wear dress and veil to show

That gladly to my love I go
My young eyes shine because I know
It is my wedding.
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(i) Identify the rhyme scheme of this poem? (2marks)

(ii) Using illustrations show how rhythm has been achieved in the poem. (2marks)
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(iii) What intonation would you use in reading line 3 stanza one in this poem? Give
reason. (2marks)
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(iv) How would you say the last line of the second stanza? (2marks)
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B. In each of the following sets of words, identify the odd one out in pronunciation. (3marks)
(i) Get Gait Gate …………………….
(ii) Air Hair Heir ……………………..
(iii) Course Cause Coarse ……………………..
C. A guest speaker is giving a speech on prevention of drug and substance abuse amongst the youth.
You find it necessary to interrupt before he finishes his speech.
(i) Give two instances that may force you to interrupt. (2 marks)
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(ii) Identify any expressions you would use to interrupt politely. (2marks)
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D. During one of the English group discussion you realize that most members did not benefit from
it. Explain three ways in which you can create orderliness in a discussion so as to benefit all
group members. (6 marks)
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E. Indicate the appropriate intonation at the end of each of the sentences below. (4marks)
i) Have you ever been to Got Ramogi?
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ii) Who do you think you are?
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iii) I saw him along Bondo-Usenge road.
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iv) That was a superb goal!
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F. Consider the following conversation between a father and his son taking place in the fathers
study and use it to answer the questions that follow.
Son: Can I come in?
Father: Yes son, what can I do for you?
Son: I want to go dance at Kings Club. There is this Rhumba artist performing
there and all my friends are going and of course I need money.
Father: You should first ask for permission.
Son: But you are not going to refuse, are you? I told you all my friends are going.
Father: You are blackmailing me, and for that reason, I’ll not allow you……….
Son: Dad, you are insensitive, all my friends are going.
Father: Stop it and get out of my sight please.

i) How best should the son have begun this conversation? (2marks)
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ii) Identify three other shortcomings in the son’s negotiation skills. (3marks)
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MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
101/2

ENGLISH
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES

• Write your name, Index number and the name of your school in the spaces provided above.
• Sign and write date of examination in the spaces provided above.
• Answer all the questions in this question paper.
• All your answers must be written in the spaces provided in this question paper.

For Examiner’s Use Only:

QUESTIONS TOTAL MARKS SCORES
1 Comprehension 20
2 Literary appreciation 25
3 Poem 20
4 Grammar 15
TOTAL 80
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1. COMPREHENSION
Read the following passage then answer the questions thereafter.
It is a matter of time before more ex-convicts are offloaded back into communities as authorities try
to decongest prisons whose populations are above the recommended capacity.
Subject to the advice and recommendations of the power of Mercy advisory Committee (POMAC),
about 900 “reformed” hardcore convicts will be released.
This will be in addition to 3,908 petty offenders released since June 1, through a presidential pardon.
The release of the huge number of prisoners comes at a time when police officers are grappling with
insecurity challenges. When not on standby to deal with incidents of electoral violence, the cops
have to keep tabs on criminal’s gangs that have resurfaced ahead of the General election.
Already these vicious gangs have wreaked havoc in Onganta Rongai, Mombasa and Nakuru where
cops are struggling to tame them. The presence of ex-convicts among communities is, therefore,
likely to make a bad situation worse. From previous experience, some of pardoned prisoners find
engaging in violent robbery, burglary, motor vehicle or livestock theft irresistible.
Cops generally fear the next lot of ex-convicts coming out of prisons will relapse into crime, making
their work more difficult. “Our worry is that many of them will go back into crime, this is not
farfetched but a common trend based on past experiences. Once these guys are set free, the impact
will be instant with crimes shooting up” says a senior police officer, who spoke to the media,
representing the views of some of his colleagues.
But police spokesman Bruno Shiosso says there is no cause for alarm since officers are trained on
how to deal with lawbreakers, and that ex-convicts are no exception when it comes to enforcing
law and order. He said they are certain that prisons authorities will only let out those who proved
beyond doubt that they have reformed and become responsible citizens.
“But for those who think they will go baaack to crime, we shall deal with them within the realms of
the law, “noted Shioso.
The police fear is understandable since recently, a former convict bludgeoned his mother to death in
Riagicheru Village of Kirinyaga County. Barely days after being released from jail last month
Ephantus Kiura shocked locals when he allegedly killed Grace Muthoni Ndambiri on June 12 by
hitting the elderly woman with a blunt object.
Kiura had been imprisoned at the Gathigiriri Prison by a court in Mwea for torching his 76-year old
mother’s house. Upon earning freedom through a presidential pardon, the man brutally killed his
mother. He was among the 3,908 petty offenders released from prison in a decongestion
programme.
Kiura was a beneficiary of the community service order. However, he never waited to serve the
noncustodial sentence and is now staring at life behind bars for the alleged murder. Petty offenders
put on this form of light punishment are required to perform a specified number of hours of unpaid
work in the community. This, however, does not apply to prisoners serving jail for capital offences.
Authorities admit that it is often difficult to ascertain the prisoners who correctly merit release. Some
of those who make it to the freedom list either fake having reformed or bribe prison officials-
ultimately leading to the wrong individuals being reintegrated back into communities. Though
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stake holders have no right prescription for selecting the right convicts for pardon, the general
feeling is that more general feeling is that more attention should be put on rehabilitation of inmates
to achieve the desired change.
“Prisons have turned into containment facilities as opposed to rehabilitation centres where inmates
and convicts are turned into responsible citizens” states Ambrose Ngare, a former prisons boss.
According to Ngare, now executive director of Africa Institute of Criminology, a non-governmental
organization dealing in restorative justice, it is pointless releasing prisoners without first
endeavouring to reconcile them with the victims they wronged.

Questions (20 mks)

1. What is the main reason the advisory committee gives for the release of convicts? (1 mk)
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2. Give the main concerns of the police officers in connection to the release of the ex-convicts.
(2 mks)
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3. State the crimes the offenders have been accused of engaging in. (3 mks)
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4. Give the total number of ex-convicts the police officers expects in the communities. (1 mk)
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5. In about 55 words, chronologically summarise the criminal life of Ephantus Kiura. (5 mks)
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6. Cops generally fear the next lot of ex-convicts will relapse into crime. Identify the phrasal
quantifier in the sentence. (1 mk)
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7. Identify the attitude of the public towards the released ex-convicts. (3 mks)
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8. What does the writer mean by (2 mks)

‘Prisons have turned into containment facilities as opposed to rehabilitation centres’
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9. Give the meaning of the following words. (2 mks)

i) grappling ……………………………………………………………………………………

ii) right prescription …………………………………………………………………………….

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2. Read the following excerpt and then answer the questions that follow (25 mks)
Bembe: (Interrupting Nicole) The matter of The Samaritan is weighty. It can destroy lives.it is
threatening the lives of many powerful people. They are fighting back and they will destroy
your life. I am giving you a chance to secure your life. I am an officer whose duty is to protect
lives. Just do what the Mayor told you. You should never fight a losing battle.
Nicole: (Firmly) I have made a choice to do what is right. That is not negotiable. And besides, I
have no control over the App. The National Information and Communications Technology
Corporation is now in charge of that App.
Bembe: (Interrupting Nicole)I understand that to mean you are ready for a fight. And to get us
started, are you aware that the signal of your phone was at one time located at the scene
of murder?
Nicole: (In horror and rising to her feet) That`s preposterous! (Moves towards the door) I need
to see the Principal now!
Bembe: (Blocking the way) And what about last night?
Nicole: What?
Bembe: The school generator.
Nicole: School generator? What about it?
Bembe: Who sold it?
Nicole: That is ridiculous!
Bembe: I thought so, too.
Nicole: (Trying to find a way past Inspector Bembe) I have nothing to do with the school
generator!
Bembe: (Blocking her every move) The generator has been stolen, and you and I know who
stole it!
Nicole: Listen, Mr. Officer, do not try to fabricate anything against me. It will get you nowhere.
And if you insist, this will become the darkest day in your career!
Bembe: What? Are you threatening a police officer?
Nicole: (With a sharp and firm voice) You must not break the law by accusing me of crimes I
have not committed!
Bembe: You`re just confirming some of the other accusations that have been made against you.
Nicole: Which allegations?
Bembe: You have a reputation for being too strong-willed to be suitable for a school teacher.
You`re as stubborn as a mule.
Nicole: What crime is that?
Bembe: Well, it is not a crime as such; but don`t you think it is a bad influence to the students?
(Bangs the table violently and shouts an order. Two police officers enter.) Handcuff her! (There
is a commotion as the officers reach out to Nicole. She resists but is overpowered. There is an
interval of silence as Bembe begins to rummage through papers on Nicole`s table. Nicole
refuses to move and sits down on the floor. The officers drag her on the floor) Stop. (The
officers stop. There is silence Then Bembe moves behind Nicole`s table and starts pulling the
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drawers open, one after the other, removing and throwing papers all over the floor.) Where
have you hidden it?
Nicole: Hidden What?
Bembe: The Samaritan! (Nicole is visibly surprised at the answer but remains silent.) I will tell
you this, whenever you see me personally involved in an arrest, you must know it`s a serious
matter, as serious as death. And you should be afraid. Very afraid!
Nicole: I am not guilty of anything, and I refuse to be intimidated!
Bembe: (Inspector Bembe bangs the table violently with his gun. Nicole recoils with a start.)
Woman! Show some seriousness! This is no laughing matter. Are you willing to talk?
Nicole: About what? (There is silence as Inspector Bembe wears his beret and places his
scepter under his armpit.)
a) Briefly explain what Nicole was told to do by the Mayor. (3marks)
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b) Summarize the circumstances that makes Bembe interrupt Nicole at the beginning of the
excerpt (3marks)
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c) Describe the following characters as seen in the excerpt (4marks)

i) Bembe
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ii) Nicole
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For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
d) Describe the mood portrayed in the excerpt. (3 marks)
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e) From your knowledge of the text, explain how the Samaritan works (3 marks)
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f) Identify and state the effectiveness of two styles used in the excerpt. (4 marks)
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g) Identify and illustrate one theme from the excerpt. (2 marks)

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h) You cannot fabricate crimes against me! (Begin: Crimes …) (1 mark)

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i) Explain the meaning as used in the excerpt. (2 marks)

i) a losing battle ……………………………………………………………………………………
ii) prepositions
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For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

3. Read the poem below and answer questions that follow:

I AM TIRED OF TALKING IN METAPHORS
I will talk plainly,
Because I am moved to abandon riddles,
I will tell you of how
We held our heads in our hands
Because the owl hooted all night
And the dogs howled as if mourning
We waited the bad news
We received it.
Our mother blinded in one eye
Crippled in the right leg
Because she did not vote
For her husband’s candidate

I will remind you

Of when the peeled plantains
Stood upright in the cooking pot
We slaughtered a cock,
Anticipating an important visitor
We got her:
Our daughter – piece of flesh in a sack
Our present from her husband

No! I will not use metaphors

I will just talk to you:
I do not fight to take your place
Or to constantly wave my fist in you face
I refuse to argue about

Your “manly pact”

with my father
You’ re buying me for a bag of potatoes
And pepper
All I want
Is for you to stop denying me
My presence needs no metaphors

I am here
Just as you are
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
I am not a machine
To dismantle whenever you whim
I demand my human dignity

Questions
a) Who is the persona in this poem? (2 mks)
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b) What are the thematic concerns of the poem. (4 mks)

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c) Explain the speaker’s attitude towards the subject matter. (3 mks)

d) Give a character trait of the speaker. (2 mks)

e) Discuss two elements of tradition highlighted in the poem. (4 mks)

f) Identity two features of style used in the poem. (4 mks)

g) Our mother blinded in one eye. Crippled in the right leg. (Join using a conjunction) (1mk)
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4. GRAMMAR (15 MKS)

a) Give the meaning of the idiomatic expression used in the following sentences. (3 mks)
i) The long-awaited guests arrived at the eleventh hour.
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ii) After thorough revision of the text the teacher told the students’ the ball is in your court.’
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iii) After being arrested the thief spilt the beans about their spoil.
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b) Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each. (3 mks)
i) Njoki did not know it was a dangerous vocation. (Rewrite using……………how…..)
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ii) Someone saw Kirimi leaving the plane in Khartoum. (Begine: Kirimi……………….)
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iii) She opened the window and a bat flew out. (End in: a bat)
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c) Complete the following sentences using the appropriate form of the word given in
brackets.
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
i) Sophie’s mother ………………………………….of her wearing very tight clothes in
church. (approve)
ii) His …………………………….cost him his job. (efficient)
iii) The ……………………….of the traveller’s was hindered by the poor roads. (mobile)
d) Replace the underlined word with the gender neutral word.
i) The foreman arrived late and delayed the construction.
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ii) The housegirl died in the inferno.
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e) Explain the two different meanings in each of the following sentences. (4 mks)
i) The students will read the books in the library.
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ii) The man looked at the cow with one eye.
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For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
101/3

ENGLISH
PAPER 3
(Creative composition and Essays based on set texts)
TIME: 2½ HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES

• Answer three questions only
• In question three choose only one of the optional set texts you have prepared on.
• Where a candidate presents work on more than one optional text, only the first one to appear will
be marked.
• Each of your essays must not exceed 450 words.
• All answers to be written in the answer booklet provided.

For Examiner’s Use Only

QUESTIONS TOTAL MARKS SCORES
1 Imaginative writing 20
2 Compulsory set text 20
3 Optional set text 20
TOTAL 60
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

Answer three questions only

1. IMAGINATIVE COMPOSITION (20 marks)
Either
(a) Write a composition beginning:
As the man approached, I knew I had seen him somewhere…
Or
(b) Write a composition on the following topic:
Ways of eliminating drug abuse among the youth.

2. FATHERS OF NATIONS By PAUL B. VITTA (20 marks)

Individuals’ tribulations in a country are usually caused by inept leadership. With clear illustrations
from Paul B. Vitta’s Fathers of Nations, write a composition to validate this statement.

3. The Optional Set Text (20 marks)

Answer any one of the following three questions.

Either
a) A SILENT SONG AND OTHER STORIES Edited by Godwin Shiundu
Urban people face various challenges. Prove how true this statement is basing your illustrations on
Meja Mwangi’s Incident in the Park.

Or
b) AN ARTIST OF THE FLOATING WORLD By Kazuo Ishinguro
Write an essay on the negative effects of war as portrayed in the novel.

Or
c) PARLIAMENT OF OWLS By Adipo Sidang
Write an essay on oppression as brought out in Parliament of Owls.
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
102/1

KISWAHILI
KARATASI YA 1
INSHA
MUDA: SAA 1¾

JINA…………………………………………………………………………………………

SHULE……………………………………………… SAHIHI……………………

NAMBARI YA USAJILI……………………………… MKONDO……………………..

Cheti cha Kuhitimu Kisomo cha Sekondari (KCSE)

MAAGIZO
a) Andika jina lako na nambari yako katika nafasi ulizoachiwa hapo juu.
b) Andika insha mbili. Insha ya kwanza ni ya lazima.
c) Kisha chagua insha nyingine moja kati ya tatu zilizobakia.
d) Kila insha isipungue maneno 400
e) Kila insha ina alama 20
f) Kila insha lazima iandikwe kwa lugha ya Kiswahili.

KWA MATUMIZI YA MTAHINI PEKEE

Swali Upeo Alama
1 20
20
Jumla 40
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

MASWALI

LAZIMA
1. Wewe ni Mkurugenzi mkuu wa kampuni ya Tia Fora. Wateja wa kampuni yako wamekuwa
wakilalamikia huduma duni kutoka kwa kampuni yako. Imebainika kuwa wafanyakazi katika
kampuni yako wanahusika katika hulka hizi duni. Andika arifa/memo ukiwaonya dhidi ya
jambo hili.

2. Jadili jinsi wanafunzi wanavyoweza kuimarisha matokeo katika masomo ya sayansi.

3. Tunga kisa kitakachodhihirisha maana ya methali: Mchimba kisima huingia mwenyewe.

4. Andika kisa kitakachoanza kwa maneno haya: Niliyafuta machozi. Uchungu uliokuwa moyoni
uliyeyuka ghafla,tabasamu ikanivaa,nikawa tayari kukabiliana na hali yangu mpya liwe
liwalo…..
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MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
102/2

KISWAHILI
KARATASI YA 2
LUGHA
MUDA: SAA 2½

JINA…………………………………………………………………………………………

SHULE……………………………………………… SAHIHI……………………

NAMBARI YA USAJILI……………………………… MKONDO……………………..

Cheti cha Kuhitimu Kisomo cha Sekondari (KCSE)

Maagizo
(a)Andika jina na nambari yako ya mtihani katika nafasi ulizoachiwa hapo juu.
(b)Tia sahihi yako kisha uandike tarehe ya mtihani.
(c) Jibu maswali yote.

KWA MATUMIZI YA MTAHINI PEKEE

Swali Upeo Alama
1 15
2 15
3 40
4 10

80
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

1 Soma dayolojia ifuatayyo kisha ujibu maswali yanayofuata.

(Bw. Akot na Bi Khadija wamekaa katika sebule ya mkahawa wakiendesha dayolojia kuhusu
uwajibikaji wa viongozi waliochaguliwa)
Bw. Akot:Bibiye, yasikitisha sana kuona kuwa viongozi tunaowachagua hawaonyeshi hata chembe
moja ya kuwajibika.
Bi Khadija:Ah! Ndio sasa unayafahamu hayo? Wanapotuomba kura hudai kuwa ni watumishi
wetu. Pindi wachaguliwapo, utumwa unawagura na wanajitwika joho la ubwana. Lakini usisahau
kuwa hali hii si ya hapa nchini tu bali ni ya bara zima la Afrika.
Bw. Akot:Ingawa ni tatizo la bara zima, hapa kwetu limekithiri mizizi. Hawa viongozi wetu
wamezidi. Kila baada ya miaka mitano sisi wananchi huenda kupiga kura. Huwa na matarajio
makubwa kuwa tunaowachagua watayajali na kuyashughulikia maslahi yetu. Wanatufanya
tuamini haya katika kipindi cha kampeni. Ukiwasikia katika majukwaa ya kuomba kura
wanavyotongoa lugha na kutoa msururu wa ahadi, utafikiri maisha yetu, yahe, yataimarika mara
tu tutakapowachagua. Ole wetu! Ukiamini haya, wajihadaa. Zote hizi ni ahadi za upepo
zinazopeperushwa na hewa pindi wanapopata ushidi.
Bi Khadija: Kumbuka kuwa lawama zote haziwaendei viongozi hawa tu. Hata sisi raia twapaswa
kulaumiwa. Baadhi yetu ni viongozi wazuri lakini tunaogopa kujitosa kwenye siasa.
Bw. Akot: Kwa nini tulaumiwe ilhali si sisi tunaoupata uhondo wa uongozi?
Bi. Khadija: Hapo ndipo lawama zinapojia. Sisi raia twapaswa kulaumiwa kwa sababu ya
kuwaamini viongozi zaidi kupita mipaka. Sisi tunawaachia majukumu yote watuongoze mithili
ya ng’ombe anayeongozwa na mchinjaji. Badala ya kutumia nafasi zilizoko za kuwaandama ili
wawajibike, sisi raia hubaki tukilia tu. Hatujui kuwa tuna njia za kulazimisha viongozi wetu
kuwajibika!
Bw. Akot: Tutawezaje kutekeleza hayo ilhali tunapowachugua wanatuambaa kama wagonjwa
wa ukoma? Muda wa kuwapata ni baada ya miaka mitano wanapokuja kutuomba tuwapigie kura
tena.
Bi. Khadija: Tusikate tama. Wakati huo ndio mwafaka kwetu kutumia kiboko tulichonacho
kuwaadhibu wale ambao hawakutekeleza wajibu wao. Tunapaswa kutumia wakati huo kuwapiga
kalamu walioshindwa kutekeleza majukumu yao. Kisha tusikomee hapo. Tunapaswa kuwachuja
kwa makini viongozi tunaowachagua. Hatupaswi kukubali kuhadaiwa

kwa porojo na ahadi zisizotimia. Ili kutekeleza haya ni muhimu kujua wajibu wa kila kiongozi
anayechaguliwa.
Hii ndiyo sababu wengi wetu raia huhadaika kwa urahisi wakati wanowania viti vya uwakilishi
wanapotoa ahadi za kutujengea mbinu msingi kama shule, barabara na hospitali. Huu huwa
uongo mtupu. Ujenzi wa mambo haya ni wetu raia kupitia kwa serikali. Ujenzi huu hutekelezwa
kutoka kwa pesa tunazozitoa kama kodi. Jukumu la wabunge ni kuhakikisha wanapigania ujenzi
huu utekelezwe katika maeneo wanayoyawakilisha. Ahadi hizi za uongo hazipaswi kuwa kigezo
chetu cha kuwateua.
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
Bw. Akot: Lakini ukumbuke kuwa wanaotaka kuchaguliwa hutujia kwa hila nyingi.
Bw. Khadija: Hayo sipingi. Umma unapong’amua kuwa wanaotaka kuchaguliwa hutumia
hila, unapaswa kukaa ange na kuzitambua hila hizo na kuzipiga vita. Tatizo letu kubwa sisi
tunaowachagua ni kutojua wajibu wetu.Pili, wengi wetu huwa wasakatonge na tunaporushiwa
vihela kidogo kama chambo, tunakimbia kuziuza haki zetu na za watoto wetu. Kwa njia hii,
tunawachagua viongozi wasiotujali na wanaotupotezea wakati pamoja na kuyahatarisha maisha
yetu na ya watoto wetu.
Bw. Akot: Wengi wao hubadilika na kuanza kutubeza kuwa sisi ni wahuni, wavivu na watu
wasiostaarabika. Wengine hujilimbikizia mashangingi yanayomeza mafuta kama sijui nini. Juu
ya haya hutembea na misururu ya magari na makundi ya wapambe na walinzi. Baadhi yao
wamehamia kwenye makasri makubwa yenye vyumba sita vya kulala na vidimbwi vya kuogelea.
Yote haya kwa gharama ya yule mpigakura mlalahoi.
Bw. Khadija: Mwenzangu, usisahau kuwa mimi na wewe tuna wajibu wa kuwaelimisha wenzetu
kuhusu wajibu wao katika uchaguzi wa viongozi.
Bw. Akot: Ninakubaliana nawe kabisa. Naomba tushikane bega kwa bega ili tutoke katika giza
hili.

MASWALI
(a) Ni kwa namna gani viongozi waliochaguliwa hawaonyeshi chembe ya kuwajibika? (ala 1)
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(b) Eleza mchango wa wapiga kura katika hali ya uongozi nchini mwao. (alama 4)
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(c) Eleza maoni ya Bi. Khadija katika kufanikisha uongozi bora (alama 4)
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For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

(d) Bainisha mbinu wanazotumia viongozi ili kufanikisha ushindi wao kulingana na kifungu
(alama 3)
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(e) Andika maana ya maneno yafuatayo kama yalivyotumiwa kwenye kifungu. (alama 2)
(i) Limekithiri mizizi
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(ii) Wasakatonge
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2 UFUPISHO (alama 15)

CHIMBUKO LA KISWAHILI
Kiswahili ni lugha ambayo huzungumzwa na takriban watu milioni mia moja kote ulimwenguni.
Pia, ni lugha ya saba ulimwenguni na ya pili barani Afrika kwa kuwa na wazungumzaji wengi.
Asili ya lugha hii imetafitiwa na wanaisimu na wanahistoria. Kuna maoni aina tatu kuhusu asili
na chimbuko la Kiswahili. Baadhi ya watu kama F. Johnson, C. Meinhof, Akofu Steere, W.E.
Taylor, G.W.Broomfield, W.H.Whitely na wengineo wameshikilia kuwa Kiswahili ni lugha
mseto. Wasomi hawa wanadai kuwa Kiswahili kimetokana na maingiliano ya lugha za Kibantu
na lugha za kigeni kama vile Kiajemi, Kiarabu na Kihindi. Wanaoshikilia wazo hili husema
kuwa Kiswahili kilizuka ili kufanikisha mawasiliano katika shughuli za kibiashara. Wao
wanasisitiza kuwa Kiswahili hakikuwepo kabla ya kuja kwa wageni.
Kuna madai pia kuwa Kiswahili ni lahaja ya Kiarabu. Dhana hii inapotosha kwa sababu inaonyesha
kuwa kabla ya kuja kwa wageni kwenye upwa wa Afrika Mashariki hapkuwa na Kiswahili. Wazo
hili si sahihi kwa sababu hakuna lahaja ya aina hii huko Uarabuni. Pili Waarabu pia walienda
Afrika Magharibi kupitia Afrika Kaskazini, mbona lahaja ya namna hii haikuzuka huko?
Maoni ya mwisho ni kuwa, Kiswahili ni mojawapo ya lugha za Kiafrika yenye asili ya kibantu kama
vile Kihaya, Kikuyu, Kiyao, Kimeru na Kigiriama. Lugha hii ya Kibantu iliweza kukopa maneno
ya kigeni kutoka kwa lugha za Kiarabu, Kiingereza, Kijerumani, Kihindi, miongoni mwa zingine.
Ukopaji huu ulitokana na maingiliano ya jamii hizi kupitia kwa biashara na utawala.
Maoni yanayoshikiliwa sasa ni kuwa Kiswahili ni lugha ya Kiafrika yenye asili ya Kibantu. Ithibati
ya kutosha imetolewa kupitia kwa utafiti wa Kiisimu, Fasihi Simulizi na Historia (mapisi).
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
Uchunguzi wa isimu historia na isimu linganishi uliofanywa na M Guthrie mwaka wa 1948
unaonyesha kuwa Kiswahili kina uhusiano na lugha zingine za Kibantu hasa tunapotazama
mashina ya maneno mengi kutoka lugha mbalimbali za Kibantu. Maneno ya asili kama vile
kichwa, mkono, maji, njia na majina ya wanyama katika lugha hizi yanahusiana, na hivyo
kubainisha kuwa yalitoka kitovu kimoja.
Baada ya Wabantu kufanya makazi katika sehemu ya Mto Tana walishambuliwa na Wagalla. Baada
ya mashambulizi haya Wabantu walitawanyika na kuanza makazi mapya kuanzia sehemu ya
Modagishu upande wa kaskazini, hadi sehemu ya Mto Pangani, upande wa kusini. Baadhi yao
walivuka Bahari ya Hindi na kwenda kufanya maskani yao katika visiwa vya Unguja. Pembe
za Ngazija. Katika maeneo haya waliendelea kuzungumza lugha zao za Kibantu, lakini
kutegemea wakati na umbali kati yao, tofauti za kimatamshi na msamiati zilizuka. Tofauti hizi
zilisababisha kuwepo kwa lahaja mbalimbali za Kiswahili. Miongoni mwa lahaja hizi ni Kiamu,
Kipate, Kingare, Kimvita,Kivumba, Kingazija, Kinzwani, Kipemba, Kiunguja, Kitumbatu,
Kibajuni, Kisiu miomgoni mwa zingine.

Jambo lingine ni kuwa Kiswahili kina irabu tano kama zilivyo lugha nyingi za Kibantu. Irabu hizi
ni a, e,i,o, na u. Hali kadhalika muundo wa msamiati wa Kiswahili kimsingi huchukua
konsonanti –irabu - konsonanti –irabu. Kwa mfano; kigoda, maji, baba. Hata hivyo konsonanti
mbili au tatu zinaweza kufuatana. Kwa mfano nywele, pwani, ngwena, afya na mengine mengi.
Mpangilio wa nomino za Kiswahili huleta uwiano wa kisarufi na huitwa ngeli za nomino.
Hujitokeza katika lugha zingine za Kibantu. Mfano wa mpangilio wa nomino hizi ni ngeli ya KI-
VI, U-I, A-WA, LI-YA. Nomino hizi zinapotumiwa katika lugha ya Kiswahili huwa na uwiano
na vitenzi. Jambo hili pia hujitokeza katika lugha zingine za Kibantu, na kudhihirisha kuwa
Kiswahili ni mojawapo ya lugha za Kibantu.
Katika maoni ya fasihi simulizi, asili ya Kiswahili ni Kingozi. Mashairi ya Hamziya yaliyoandikwa
katika karne ya 18 yaliandikwa kwa Kiongozi. Kiongozi kilikuwa kikizungumzwa sehemu
iliyoitwa Ushwahili upande wa visiwa vya Magunyoni(Pate, Lamu, Faza) hadi bara kupakana na
Mto Tana
Asili ya neno ‘Kiswahili’ inasemekana ilitoka na kijana wa Kingozi aliyeulizwa na wageni (wasafiri
wa Kiarabu) kuwa wao ni kina nani? Akajibu kuwa “Sisi ni Wa-ziwa hili.” Yaani wenyeji wa
ziwa hili. Kutegemea wakati na matamshi, jina hili lilibadilika na kuwa Waswahili

(a) Eleza ujumbe unajitokeza katika aya za kwanza tatu (Maneno 90, alama 9, 1 ya mtiririko)
Nakala chafu
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For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
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Nakala safi
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(b) Thibitisha kuwa Kiswahili ni lugha ya Kiafrika yenye asili ya kibantu. (Maneno 60. Alama 4,1
ya mtiririko)
Nakala chafu
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For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
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3. MATUMIZI YA LUGHA (ALAMA 40)

(a) Ni sauti gani haifai kuwa miongoni mwa hizi. Toa sababu (alama 2)
i. /ng’/ /g/ /t/ /k/
ii. /s/ /v/ /ch/ /sh/
(b) Andika neno lenye muundo ufuatao (alama 1)
Nazali ya ufizi, kipasuo ghuna cha kaakaa laini, irabu ya juu nyuma, irabu ya nyuma wastani.

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(c) Ainisha mofimu katika neno walionana (alama 3)
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(d) Eleza maana ya mzizi wa neno (alama 2)
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(e) Nyambua vitenzi vifuatavyo katika kauli zilizo kwenye mabano. (alama 2)
i. nywa (kutendwa) ____________________________________
ii. fa(kutendwa) ____________________________________

(f) Eleza matumizi ya maneno yaliyopigiwa mstari katika jozi ya sentensi hizi: (alama 2)
Huyu ni mkufunzi msomi.
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Mkufunzi huyu ni msomi sana

(g) Ziandike upya sentensi zifuatazo kwa kufuata maagizo kwenye parandesi (alama 6)
(i) Niliwaeleza wazazi wetu kwa dhati.Walikuwa wamepigwa mafamba hadi hawakuamini
niliyosema. ( Anza: Wazazi…)
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(ii)Watoto wanaovaa nguo fupi fupi siku hizi wamethiriwa na tabia za kigeni. (Anza kwa: Nguo
fupi…)
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(iii) Mtaalamu alituambia kwamba kusoma kwa mapana kungepalilia ubunifu wa wanafunzi wale
wetu. (Andike kwa usemi halisi).
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(h) Alama ya kiulizo hutumiwa katika sentensi ambayo ni swali. Eleza matumizi mengine ya
alama hii. (alama 1)
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(i) Tunga sentensi mbili kuonyesha matumizi mawili ya kiambishi ‘O’ (alama 2)

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(j) Ichanganue sentensi ifuatayo kwa kielelezo cha visanduku (alama 3)
Marekebisho ambayo yamefanywa yanavutia sana.
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For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

(k) Geuza sentensi ifuatayo iwe kwa wingi (alama 2)

Mwanzi alioupanda karibu na mto umeshikana ukawa msitu mkubwa.
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(l) Ashua ni mwanafunzi aliye na matatizo ya kibanafsi katika masomo yake. Licha ya yeye ni
mwanafunzi bora shuleni. Hakuna anayeelewa changamoto zake kwa kuwa ameziweka siri.
Huenda akasitisha masomo ikiwa hatapata msaada. Ni methali gani inayoweza kumfaa Ashua?
(alama 1)
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(m) Tunga sentensi moja itakayotofautisha maana ya baa na paa. (alama 2)

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(n) Tambua aina za virai katika sentensi hii (alama 2)
Wanafunzi wote walizawidiwa na Rais.
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(o) Kanusha sentensi ifuatayo (alama 2)
Ukimwona Bakari umwambeia nitamtembelea kesho.
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(p) Tunga sentensi itakayodhihirisha shamirisho kitondo na chagizo (alama 2)
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(q) Iandike sentensi ifuatayo katika kinyume cha maneno yaliyopigiwa mstari. (alama 2)
Onyango alihama Kilifi baada ya kuchimba makaburi.
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For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

(r) Yakinisha sentensi ifuatayo katika nafsi ya pili umoja (alama 1)

Hataenda shuleni kesho
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(s) Andika maana ya misemo ifuatayo (alama 2)

fanya inda_____________________________________________________________
Changa bia_____________________________________________________________

4. ISIMUJAMII (ALAMA 10)

Umealikwa kama mshauri nasaha katika shule moja ya upili inayokumbwa na tatizo la mihadarati
miongoni mwa wanafunzi. Andika sifa kumi za lugha utakazozingatia ili kufaulisha
uwasilishaji wako.
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For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
102/3

KISWAHILI
KARATASI YA 3
FASIHI
MUDA: SAA 2½

JINA…………………………………………………………………………………………

SHULE……………………………………………… SAHIHI……………………

NAMBARI YA USAJILI……………………………… MKONDO……………………..

Cheti cha Kuhitimu Kisomo cha Sekondari (KCSE)

MAAGIZO:
a) Jibu maswali manne pekee.
b) Swali la kwanza ni la lazima.
c) Maswali hayo mengine matatu yachaguliwe kutoka sehemu nne zilizobaki; yaani;
Riwaya,Ushairi, Hadithi Fupi na Fasihi Simulizi.
d) Usijibu maswali mawili kutoka sehemu moja.
e) Majibu yote lazima yaandikwe kwa lugha ya Kiswahili

KWA MATUMIZI YA MTAHINI PEKEE.

Swali Upeo Alama
1 20
20
20
20
Jumla 80
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SEHEMU A: RIWAYA
Clara Momanyi: Nguu za Jadi
1. Lazima
i. “Kuna waliomwita mnyakuzi huku wengine wakimwita dudumizi kwani alinyemelea viota vya
wengine. Hajengi bali hubomoa.”
a) Jadili sifa nne za anayerejelewa katika dondoo. (alama 4)

ii. “Karibu mwenzangu. Subiri nikuletee kikombe cha chai’’

“Hata usilete,sin a hamu ya chai mwenzangu. Nina machungu moyoni. Ndiposa nimekuja
unisaidie kuyapanguza … kuyamaliza hutaweza.”
a) Weka dondoo hili katika muktadha wake. (alama 4)
b) Fafanua umuhimu wa msemaji wa maneno yaliyokolezwa katika kuendeleza ploti kwenye
riwaya Nguu za Jadi. (alama 4)
c) Eleza machungu ambayo msemaji wa maneno yaliyokolezwa anayo moyoni, ambayo angependa
asaidiwe kuyapunguza katika riwaya Nguu za Jadi. (alama 4)
d) Jadili mbinu ambazo Mtemi Lesulia alizitumia kubakia uongozini ukirejelea riwaya Nguu za
Jadi. (alama 4)

SEHEMU B: TAMTHILIA
Timothy Arege: Bembea ya Maisha
Jibu swali la 2 au la 3.
2. “Haikuwa mara moja mnavyofikiria. Ilianza pale chuoni. Wenzangu walinipa mvinyo kunirai
kuonja ulevi.”
a) Eleza muktadha wa maneno haya. (alama 4)
b) Kwa hoja nne, onyesha athari ya ulevi katika maisha ya mzungumzaji. (alama 4)
c) Onyesha umuhimu sita wa mandhari ya dondoo hili. (alama 6)
d) Mzungumzaji ameendeleza maudhui ya mabadiliko. Thibitisha ukirejelea tamthilia Bembea ya
Maisha. (alama 6)
3. “Mtu ana ubaguzi kama nini! Ana moyo mgumu kama jiwe! Amejaliwa lakini bahili kama
mchanga wa dhahabu. Hajui mali ya bahili huliwa na wadudu.”
a) Bainisha mbinu nne za kimtindo zilizotumiwa katika dondoo. (alama 4)
b) Mzungumzaji anaashiria kwamba anayerejelewa alikuwa mchoyo. Onyesha kina cha kauli hii
ukirejelea tamthilia Bembea ya Maisha. (alama 6)
c) Jadili jinsi maudhui yafuatayo yalivyoshughulikiwa katika tamthilia Bembea ya Maisha.
(alama 10)
i. Usasa
ii. Taasubi ya kiume
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SEHEMU C: HADITHI FUPI
D.W. Lutomia na Phibbian Muthama (wah.): Mapambazuko ya Machweo na Hadithi Nyingine
Jibu swali la 4 au 5
Yussuf Shoka Hamad: Mzimu wa Kipwerere
4. “Katika kijiji hiki kuvuta kileo chochote aina ya tumbaku kulikuwa marufuku na kungeweza
kugharimu hata maisha ya mtu. Vilevile, kubwia unga na hata kunywa pombe yalikuwa makosa
ya jinai ingawa pamoja na juhudi zote hizi kuzuia dawa kama hizi, mji wa watawa uliongoza kwa
uingizaji, usambazaji na hata utumiaji wa vileo na dawa za kulevya, ukizingatia kuwa mambo
yote haya yalikuwa yamepigwa marufuku na mzimu na yalimlazimu kila mtu kuyazingatia. …
hayakuwa maswali rahisi kujibika si kwa sisi tu wahenga, bali hata mzimu wetu bila shaka
haukuwa na jibu!”
a) Fafanua muktadha wa dondoo hili. (alama 4)
b) Dondoo hili limetawaliwa na mbinu moja kuu ya kimtindo. Itaje na uithibitishe. alama 2)
c) Kwa hoja mwafaka, eleza jinsi suala la unafiki linavyojitokeza kwenye dondoo hili na katika
hadithi nzima ya Mzimu wa Kipwerere. (alama 9)
d) Bainisha toni inayojitokeza katika dondoo hili. (alama 2)
e) Fafanua vigezo vitatu unavyoweza kuzingatia katika kutambua sifa za wahusika kwenye hadithi
Mzimu wa Kipwerere. (alama 3)
Mzamane Nhlapo: Nipe Nafasi
5. “Jamii na serikali zinatunyima sisi wanawake uhuru.…Kabla sijafa, nataka kwanza niwe
nimepata nafasi ya kuyaboresha maisha yangu na yale ya wanangu.”
a) i. Taja asasi mbili za jamii zinazotumiwa kuwakandamiza wanawake. (alama 2)
ii. Huku ukirejelea hadithi ya Nipe Nafasi, fafanua jinsi jamii na serikali zimewanyima wanawake
uhuru. ( alama 7)
iii. Jadili juhudi tano za mzungumzaji katika kuyaboresha maisha yake na maisha ya wanawe
ukirejelea hadithi Nipe Nafasi. (alama 5)
Paul Ngángá Mutua: Harubu ya Maisha
b) “Mwenyewe wajua mimi sipendi mambo ya kukopa. Isitoshe mimi nimekuja hapa likizo. Sasa
zimekatika wiki mbili nawe huyo na kazi tu.”
Fafanua umuhimu sita wa mzungumzaji wa maneno haya katika kuijenga hadithi Harubu ya
Maisha. (alama 6)

SEHEMU D: USHAIRI
Jibu swali la 6 au 7
6. Soma shairi lifuatalo kisha ujibu maswali.
Pana haja ya kupima, neno tuzowele –angu
Tusizowee kusema, hili ni teuo langu
Huenda huji mapema, -angu huja kuwa tungu
Ikaja kukusakama, na kukuposha kwa Mungu
Pana haja ya kupima.
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Neno huwa ni la kwako, likiwa ndani moyoni
Lakini katu si lako, likishavuka menoni
Kwa hivyo likutokako, liweke kwenye mizani
Linaweza kuwa cheko, ama tusi kwa wendani
Pana haja ya kupima.

Vivyo hivyo kwa lebasi, huwa yako kisutuni

Hivyo nina wasiwasi, wambe yako sebuleni
Itavutiya matusi, ya wenzio insane
Wakakuchoma nafusi, kwa mishale ya lisani
Pana haja ya kupima.
Mwana ujuwe ni wako, punje ukiimezele
Lakini katu si wako, nde ukimuletele
Akiwa yu ndani yako, ni wa duniya vivile
Ukishishilia ni wako, muavye takakuole
Pana haja ya kupima.

Maisha nayo si wako, utabaradi milele

Ungayaishi ja yako, ni tunu ya maumbile
Mgawa si kufu yako, mshindane hili lile
Akupapo akupoko, utaishi palepale
Pana haja ya kupima.

Ni chetu chako si chako, ulimwengu huwa vile

Juhudi zingawa zako, wa kufaidi ni wale
Ikifika siku yako, nyono zikukae mbele
Ulichosema ni chako, huwabakiya wawale
Pana haja ya kupima.

Kaseme na moyo wako, Ubaini haya yale

Ukiambacho ni chako, kisikupe mageule
Kitu utajacho chako, huenda kiwe cha wale
Na usemacho si chako, kiwe chako ndicho kile
Pana haja ya kupima.
Maswali
a) Fafanua dhamira ya mwandishi wa shairi hili. (alama 2)
b) Pambanua bahari zozote tatu za shairi hili. (alama 3)
c) Dhihirisha kwa kutoa mifano matumizi ya uhuru wa mshairi. (alama 6)
d) Tambua toni inayojitokeza kwenye shairi hili. (alama 2)
e) Andika ubeti wa nne kwa lugha tutumbi. (alama 4)
f) Eleza maana ya maneno haya kama yalivyotumika katika shairi . (alama 2)
i. Lebasi
ii. Punje ukiimezele
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7. Soma shairi lifuatalo kisha ujibu maswali
Daima alfajiri na mapema
Hunipita na jembe na kotama
Katika njia iendayo kondeni
Kama walivyofanya babuze zamani
Nimuonapo huwa anatabasamu
Kama mtu aliye na kubwa hamu
Kushika mpini na kutokwa na jasho
Ili kujikimu kupata malisho.
Anapotembea anasikiliza
Videge vya anga vinavyotumbwiza
Utadhani huwa vimemngojea
Kwa usiku kucha kuja kumwimbia;
Pia pepo baridi kumpepea
Rihi ya maua zikimletea
Nao umande kumbusu miguu
Na miti yote hujipinda migongo;
Kumpapasa, kumtoa matongo;
Na yeye kuendelea kwa furaha
Kuliko yeyote ninayemjua
Akicheka ha ha ha ha ha ha…

Na mimi hubaki nikijiuliza

Kuna siri gani inamliwaza?
Au ni kujua au kutokujua?
Furaha ya mtu ni furaha gani?
Katika dunia inayomhini?
Ukali wa jua wamnyima zao.
Soko la dunia lamkaba koo;
Dini za kudhani zamsonga roho
Anayalimia matumbo ya waroho
Kuna jao gani linamridhisha?
Laiti angalijua, laiti angalijua!
Maswali
a) Fafanua hali ya mzungumzaji katika shairi hili. (alama 5)
b) Tambua aina tatu za taswira zinazojitokeza katika ubeti wa pili wa shairi hili. (alama 3)
c) Bainisha nafsi neni katika shairi hili. (alama 1)
d) Eleza toni ya shairi hili. (alama 1)
e) Bainisha vipengele vinne vya kimtindo katika shairi hili. (alama 4)
f) Pambanua muundo wa shairi hili. (alama 4)
g) Tathmini umuhimu wa maswali balagha katika shairi hili. (alama 2)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
SEHEMU E: FASIHI SIMULIZI
8. Soma utumgo ufuatao kisha ujibu maswali yanayofuata
Walikuja mahasidi, ah, walikuja
Nyayo zao zikirindima, ah, rindima
Kwa ghamidha ya uadui, oh uadui
Wali wakibeba sime
Wali wakibeba mata
Wali wakibeba mienge
Ya moto kutangazia
Kwao kuwasili

Walikuja kwa ndimi

zilizohimili cheche
matusi kutumwaiya
hawakujua ya kwamba
Mbele ya mhimili huno wetu
Wao wali vipora
Kwenye mlima wa sugu, walituvamia
Aliwakabili mbwene
Mwana wa ngwamba, ee mbwene
Aliwakabili mbwene kwa kitali kikali
Wali wametuteka ja samaki kwenye dema
Wali wamewapukutisha
Wetu mabarobaro
Aliwakabili mbwene
Ee mbene, mwana wa ngwamba
Aliwakabili
Kwa hamasa za ujana
Kwa uchungu wa kuumbuliwa
Wa wetu wana.

Aliwakabili mbene
Nao wakalipiza shambulizi
Kwa kujidai majagina
Walijibwaga uwanjani
Laiti wangalijua wanajikabidhi
Viganjani mwa mbwene
Aliwakabili mbwene , ee
Mwana wa ngwamba, shujaa asoshindwa
Alipigana kitali
Cha kufa na kupona
Kuiopoa jamii yetu kuirejesha hadhi yetu
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Kuirejesha mifugo yetu
Kuwarejeshea wakulima vikataa vyao
Kuwaokoa vipusa wetu
Nyara waliotekwa, ati walipiza kisasi
Aliwakabili mwana wa ngwamba
Aliwakabili upepo wa kusi
Hata kikomo cha mapambano kilipofika
Wagundi walijua kwamba
Walikuwa na mwana, ee mwana
Mbwene, ee mwana wa ngwamba
Hakuwa na kifani, ee kifani
Alipigana nao, ee mwana wa ngwamba
Kwa siku kumi bila tonge wala tone la maji
Kwetu kukenda kicheko cha wokovu
Kwao kukenda kilio

Maswali
a) Huu ni wimbo wa sifa. Thibitisha kwa kutolea mifano mitatu kifunguni. (alama 3)
b) Bainisha sifa tatu za jamii ya nafsineni katika utungo huu. (alama 3)
c) Huku ukitolea mifano, bainisha vipengele vinne vya kimtindo ambavyo nafsineni ametumia
kufanikisha uwasilishaji wa utungo huu. (alama 4)
d) Tungo za aina hii zinaendelea kufifia katika jamii yako. Fafanua hatua nne utakazochukua ili
kuishawishi dhidi ya hali hii. (alama 4)
e) Jadili mbinu zinazoweza kutumiwa kukusanya na kuhifadhi data kuhusu vitanzandimi.
(alama 4)
f) Fafanua njia mbili ambazo kwazo msikilizaji anaweza kuchangia katika uwasilishaji wa kipera
hiki. (alama 2)
HUU NDIO UKURASA WA MWISHO
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MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
121/1

MATHEMATICS
PAPER 1
TIME: 2½ HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Instructions to candidates
1. Write your name, index number, school and stream in the spaces provided above.
2. This paper contains two sections: Section I and Section II. Attempt all the questions in section I
and strictly any five questions from Section II.
3. All answers and working must be written on the question paper in the spaces provided below
each question.
4. Show all the steps in your calculations, giving your answers at each stage in the spaces below
each question.
5. Marks may be given for correct working even if the answer is wrong.
6. Non-programmable silent electronic calculators and KNEC mathematical tables may be used,
except where stated otherwise.
7. Answer the questions in English

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY:

SECTION I
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Total

SECTION II
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Total

GRAND TOTAL
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SECTION I: (50 MARKS)
Attempt all questions in the spaces provided
1. An irregular 6 sided polygon has two of its interior angles equal to 2x each, three angles equal to
x each and one side equal to 20o
Calculate the value of x (3marks)

2. The diagonals of a parallelogram are 20cm and 28.8cm. The acute angle between the diagonals
is 62o. Calculate the area of the parallelogram. (3marks)

3. A mobile phone seller gets a commission of shs 250 on every mobile phone that he sells. In a
given month he got 33,000 shillings.
a. How many phones did he sell that month (1mark)
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b. If this commission is 2% what is the sale price of each mobile phone. (2marks)

4. Given that Sin x=3/4, without using tables or calculators, find.

a. Cos xo (2marks)

b. Tan (90-x)o (1mark)

5. Solve the simultaneous equation

2log y = log2 + log t
2y =4t (4marks)
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6. Evaluate without using tables or a calculator
100-1.5 x 320.2 (3marks)

7. The angle subtended by the major arc at the center of the circle O is twice the angle substended
by the minor arc at the center. If the radius of the circle is 3.5cm. Find the length of the minor
arc. (3marks)

8. Two trains T1 and T2 travelling in the opposite directions on a parallel tracks are just beginning
to pass one another. Train T1 is 72m long and is travelling at 108km/hr. Train T2 is 78m long and
is travelling at 72km/hr. Find the time in seconds the two trains take to completely pass one
another (3marks)
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9. The angle of depression of a chick from the hawk on top of a vertical tree 8m tall is 28 o. On
seeing the hawk, the chick moves directly towards the base of the tree to a point P such that the
angle of elevation of the hawk from P is 32o. Calculate the distance moved by the chick.
(4marks)

10. Find a 2 x 2 matrix m such that (3marks)

1 3 4 -6 1 7
m + =
2 -1 20 3 -2

11. Given that a=1.2, b =0.02 and c =0.2 Express ac +b in the form m/n where m and n are
integers (3mark)
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12. The line passing through the point P(-1,3w) and Q(w,3) is parallel to another line whose
equation is 2y -3x =9 .
Write down the co-ordinates of P and Q (3marks)

13. A certain volume of solution has a mass of 2.2kg with density of 0.8g/cm3. Calculate the
volume of the solution in liters (3marks)

14. The graph below shows frequency densities for the masses of same 200 students selected
from a class. Use it to answer the questions that follows.
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(a) Complete the frequency distribution table below. (2 marks)

Mass in kg

frequency

(b) State the modal frequency (1mark)

15. Calculate the area bounded by the curve y=x2, the line y= -1 and the lines x=0 and x=3
using trapezoidal rule with 7 ordinates (correct to 3 d p) (3marks)

16. Mutai imports rice from United States at the initial cost of 500 US dollars per tonnes. He
then pays 20% of this amount as shopping costs and 10% of the same amount as custom duty.
When the rice reaches Mombasa he has to pay 6% of the initial cost to transport it to Nairobi.
Given that on the day of this transaction the exchange rate was 1 us dollar =kshs 76.60. calculate
the total cost of importing one tonne of rice up to Nairobi in Kenya shillings. (3mks)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
SECTION II (50 MARKS)
Answer only 5 questions from this section.
17. (a) On the Cartesian plane given below, draw the quadrilateral ABCD with vertices A( 6,6),

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
B11 -1

-2 C11
A11 -3

-4 D11

-5

-6

B(2,2) C(4,-6) and D(8,0). (1mrk)

a. Draw the image A1B1C1D1 of ABCD under an enlargement scale factor ½, center origin. State
the coordinates of A1B1C1D1 (3mrks)

b. Describe the transformation that maps A1B1C1D1 onto the given image A11B11C11D11 (2mark)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

c. Rotate A11B11C11D11 about center (-2,-1) through a positive quarter turn to get A111B111C111 D111.
State the co-ordinates of A111B111C111D111 (3marks)

d. State a pair of quadrilaterals that are oppositely congruent. (1mark )

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

18. On a certain day, Mwema bought plates worth Kshs 1200. On another day, Mrs. Mwema
spent the same amount of money but bought the plates at a discount of 20% per plate.
a. If Mwema bought a plate at Kshs x, write down a simplified expression for the total number of
plates bought by the two people (3marks)

b. If Mrs. Mwema bought 6 plates more that her husband, find how much each spent on a plate.
(5marks)

c. Find the total number of plates bought by the family (2marks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

19. (a) Using a ruler and a pair of compasses only, construct triangle ABC such that lines
AB=5.5cm, BC=4.8cm and AC =6.8cm, Construct circle passing through vertices A, B and C
(6 marks)

a. Measure the radius of the circle (1mark)

b. Measure the angle substended at the center of the circle by chord AC (1mark)

c. Hence calculate the area of the triangle AOC (2marks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
20. A particle P moves in a straight line such that t seconds after passing a fixed point Q , its
velocity is given by the equation 2t2 -10t +12
Find
a. The values of t when P is instantaneously at rest. (2marks)

b. An expression for the distance moved by P after t seconds. (2marks)

c. The total distance travelled by P in the first 3 seconds after passing point Q (2marks)

d. The distance of P from Q when acceleration is zero. (4marks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
21. The figure below shows a model of a pillar to be constructed at the Canterbury. The model
consists of a circular base of diameter 21cm and a uniform hexagon stand of sides 6cm and
height 20cm.

20 cm

a. Calculate the cross-sectional area of the hexagon to 2dp. (3marks)

b. Calculate the total volume of the model to 2dp. (3marks)

c. If the height of the red pillar is 52m and the constructor uses two bags of cement for every 500m 3
of the construction. Calculate the least number of bags of cement required (4marks)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
22. The diagram below shows a triangle OPQ in which QN: NP=1:2, OT: TN=3:2 and M is the
mid-point of OQ.

(a) Given that OP=P and OQ =q. Express the following vectors inters of p and q
(i) PQ (1mark)

(ii) ON (2marks)

(iii) PT (2marks)

(iv) PM (1mark)

(b) (i) Show that points P,T and M are collinear (3marks)

(ii) Determine the ratio MT ; TP (1mark)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
23. The diagram below shows a triangle ABC Circumscribed in a circle with AB=12cm
BC=12cm, BC=15cm and AC=14cm

Calculate to 4 significant figures

(a) The angle ACB (3marks)

(b) The radius of the circle (3marks)

(c) The area of the shaded region (4marks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
24. If Nick gives a quarter of the money he owns to Tom, Tom will have twice as much as
Nick. If Tom gives q shillings to Nick, then Nick will have thrice as much as Tom. Taking the
initial amount owned by Nick and Tom to be x and y respectively;
a. Express y and q in terms of x (7marks)

b. Given that Nick’s initial amount was Kshs 40,000. calculate the value of q (1mark)

c. The initial amount owned by Tom (2marks)

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For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
121/2

MATHEMATICS
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES
a) Write your name and Index number in the spaces provided above.
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
c) The paper consists of two sections. Section I and Section II.
d) Answer ALL the questions in Section I and any FIVE questions in Section II.
e) Show all the steps in your calculations, giving your answer at each stage in the spaces
provided below each question.
f) Marks may be given for correct working even if the answer is wrong.
g) Non-programmable silent electronic calculators and KNEC Mathematical tables may be
used except where stated otherwise.
h) Candidates should answer the questions in English.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE

SECTION I
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Total

SECTION II
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Total
Grand Total
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
SECTION 1 (50 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section
1 1 1
1. Solve the equation (2𝑥 + 1) + (5𝑥 − 1) = (3mks)
3 4 2

2. a). Expand ( 1 – 2x)4 (1mk)

b). Use your expansion to find the value of (0.96)4 correct to 4 s.f (2mks)

𝑥
3. The expression 1 + is taken as an approximation for 1 + x . Find the percentage error in
2

doing so if x = 0.44 (3mks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

2
4. Solve for x in the equation log8 (x+6) - log8(x-3) = (4mks)
3

5. Make p the subject if the formula (3mks)

𝑝2 −3𝑢
𝐸 + 𝑥 =𝑥 +
𝑦−3𝑥𝑝2
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

6. An auto spare dealer sells two types of lubricants, A and B in his shop. While purchasing, type A
cost sh40 per 100ml tin and type be B cost sh.60 per 100ml tin. He has Shs 15,000 to spend on
both types of lubricants. Type A should not be less than 3 litres while type B should be atleast a
litre . He buys x tins of type A and Y tins of type B. Write down three inequalities which
represent the above information. (3mks)

7. In the figure below PT is a tangent to the circle at P and AT passes through the centre of the
circle.

B
A T

P
If PT =9cm and AT=12cm, find the- radius of the circle correct to 1 d.p. (3mks)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

8. Find the radius and the centre of the circle whose equation is (3mks)
3x2 + 3y2 – 6x + 3 + 12y = 0

√3
9. Without using a calculator or mathematical tables express in surd form and simplify
1−cos 300

(3mks)

10. The table below represents the mass and volume of a liquid measured at room, temperature.
Mass (g) 8 10 20 21 30 37 52 55 70
Volume 10 13 20 29 35 43 60 63 70
(cm3)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
a). By plotting the points and drawing the line of best fit, estimate the density to the liquid. (2mks)

b). Determine the equation of your graph. (2mks)

11. The population of two towns Kathwana and Siakago for three years was as follow.
1st year 2nd year 3rd year
Kathwana 40,000 48,000 56,000
Siakago 40,000 48,000 57,600
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
Calculate the difference in population of the two after six years. (3mks)

12. Solve for ∝ in the equation 6 sin2∝ - cos ∝ – 5 = 0 (3mks)

For Ɵ≤ ∝ ≤ 300𝑜

13. Arabic coffee costing sh90 per kilogram is mixed with rubusta coffee costing sh.75 per
kilogram in the ration 2:3. Calculate the selling price of the mixture per kilogram if a profit of
15% if to be realized to the nearest shilling. (3mks)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

14. The gradient of a curve at any point is given by 2x-1. Given that the curve passes through
point (1,5). Find the equation of the curve. 3mks)

15. a). Given that AB=6cm. Construct locus of P such that <APB = 90o. (2mks)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

b). Hence determine the area enclosed by the locus of P. (2mks)

16. Given the vectors a = 3j + 2k and b = 4i – 7k

Find p if p = 3a – b (2mks)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
SECTION II (50 MARKS)
Answer any five questions from this section
17. Three consecutive terms of aGP are (x+2), (x-2), and (x-5). Find:-
a). The value of x. (3mks)

b). The common ratio (1mk)

c). Given that x+2 is the third term of the G.P

Find;
i). The first term giving your answer as a mixed fraction. (3mks)

ii). the sum of the first six terms correct to 2 d.p (3mks)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
18. A form 1 stream at Butere mixed day secondary school has 15 boys and 25 girls. The
2 3
probability of a girl reaching form 4 is and that of a boy is . If a girl reaches form 4 then
5 5
2
probability that she gets employed is while the probability that a girl gets employed without
3
1
reaching form 4 is . If a boy reaches form 4 the probability that he gets employed is ¾ while the
3
1
probability that a boy gets employed without reaching form 4 is
4
a). Draw a tree diagram to illustrate the above information. (2mks)

b). Using your tree diagram, determine:-

i) the probability that a girl gets employment. (2mks)

ii). the probability any child who has been to school gets employed. (2mks)

iii). the probability that a boy fails to get employment. (2mks)

iv). The probability that anybody who has studied upto form 4 fails to get employment. (2mks)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
19. The diagram below shows a right pyramid VPQRS with V as the vertex and rectangular
base PQRS. PQ=3cm, QR=4cm and the height of the pyramids is 6cm. M and N are the mid-
points of PQ and QR respectively.
V

S R

P Q
a). Calculate
i). the length PV (3mks)

ii). the angle between face VPQ and the base PQRS (2mks)

b). i). the slant height VM and VN. (2mks)

ii). the surface area of the pyramid. (3mks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
20. Two towns A and B lie on the same parallel of latitude 60oN. If the longitude of A and B
are 42oW and 29oE respectively.
a). Find the distance between A and B in nautical miles along the parallel of latitude. (2mks)

b). Find the local time at A if at B is 1.00.p.m. (2mks)

22
c). Find the distance between A and B in kilometre (Take 𝜋 = and R=6370km) (2mks)
7

d). if C is another town due south of A and 1001km away from A, find the co-ordinate of C. (4mks)
21. The table below shows marks scored by students in a mathematics test.
Marks 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99
No of students 2 3 8 12 15 6 4
a). Draw a cumulative frequency curve to represent the information. (4mks)

b). Use you graph to find:-

i). The median mark (1mk)
ii). The quartile deviation (3mks)

iii. the pass mark if 60% of the students passed. (2mks)

22. The initial velocity of a particle was 1m/s and it acceleration is given by (2-t) m/s2 every
second after the start.
a). i). Determine the equation representing its velocity. (2mks)

ii). Find the velocity of the particle during the third second. (2mks)

b). i). Find the equation representing its distance t seconds after the start. (2mks)

ii). What was the distance covered by the particle during the first three seconds. (2mks)

c). Determine the time when the particle was momentarily at rest. (2mks)
23. a). using trapezoidal rule estimate the area bounded by the curve y=3x2 – 2 and the lines x =
-4, x=4 and x-axis using 8 trapezia (4mks)

b). Find the actual area bounded by the curve y=3x2 -2 and the lines x= -4, x=4 and x-axis. (3mks)

c). Calculate the percentage error when trapezoidal rule is used. (3mks)
24. The vertices of triangle PQR are P(1,1), Q(4,1) and R(5,4). A transformation represented
−1 0
by a matrix T = maps triangle PQR onto triangle PIQIRI.
0 1
1 0
A second transformation represented by U = maps triangle PIQIRI onto triangle PIIQIIRII
0 −1
a). On the same axis draw the three triangles PQR, PIQIRI and PIIQIIRII and state the co-ordinated
of triangle PIQIRI and PIIQIIRII . (6mks)
b). Describe a single transformation which maps triangle PQR onto triangle PIIQIIRII and find
its…..matrix. (4mks)

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE!

MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION
CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
451/1

COMPUTER STUDIES
PAPER 1
TIME: 2½ HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES
❖ Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above
❖ This paper consists of two sections A and B.
❖ Answer ALL questions in section A.
❖ Answer question 16 and any other THREE questions from section B.
❖ All answers should be written in the spaces provided on the question paper.
For Examiners Use Only
Section Questions Candidates Score
A 1-15
16
17
18
B 19
20
TOTAL SCORE
1. Give two reasons why smaller computers like Laptops tend to be more expensive than Desktop
computers. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. a). State two keyboard keys that work in a state of On/Off switches in operation (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b). State four factors you would consider when choosing a secondary storage device (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. i) What is distributed data processing? (1 mark)

ii) Outline two advantages of distributed data processing in an organization (2marks)

4. Differentiate between graphic-based and layout based desktop publishing software (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. (a) Write the following acronyms in full as used in operating systems.
(i) GUI (½ mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……
(ii) WIMP (½ mark)
………...……………………………………………………………………………..………………
……
(b) State two factors considered when choosing an operating system for use in a computer.(2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. a) Define the term audit trail (1 mark)

b) List any three ways of recovering data lost through accidental erasure. (3marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. State three functions of an email software. (3marks)

8. Name two responsibilities that are carried out by a computer programmer (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. State three ways in which ICT can improve the access of News in Kenya. (3marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. Give three reasons why people prefer in-house developed application programs to general-
purpose application packages. (3marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11. State any two negative impacts of ICT on the environment (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. Highlight three reasons why most network technicians prefer using command line operating
systems to configure networking equipment. (3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. A computer teacher wants to minimize illegal entry of people to a computer laboratory.
Explain three measures which have to be put in place in order to curb this illegal entry. (3 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. Outline two benefits of mail merging. (2 marks)

15. Without proper marketing, a business cannot survive in a competitive environment hence
computers are being used in a number of ways to enhance marketing. List any two ways of
ensuring this is effected. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
SECTION B: (60 MARKS)
Answer question 16 (compulsory) and any other THREE questions from this section.
16. (a) Study the flowchart below and answer the questions that follow.
Start

Enter: A, B

W= B: Y = A
N, M
P= y - W: T = W -

P=y No P > T? Yes P = W

PRINT: P, T,W,

Stop

(i) State the name of the control structure shown in the flowchart. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Assuming the user keys in 12 and 19 when prompted to enter the values for B and A
respectively, determine the printed values of P, T, W and y. (4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Write the pseudo code that would be used in place of the flowchart. (6 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) What is the difference between looping and selection? (2 marks)

c) State any two advantages of low level languages. (2 marks)

17.
a) The following are some of the phases in the systems development life cycle (SDLC): system
analysis, system design, system implementation, system review and maintenance. State four
activities that are carried out during the system implementation phase (4 marks)
b) Give three reasons why system maintenance phase is necessary in SDLC (3 marks)
c) State two instances where observation is not a viable method of gathering information during
system analysis stage (2 marks)
d) Various considerations should be made during input and output design. State two
considerations for each case (4 marks)
e) List two sources of computer viruses (2 marks)

18. a) Use twos complement to perform the following arithmetic operations

i) 1510- 1210 (4marks)
ii) 101112-10112 (4marks)
b) 10112 is a ones complement binary representation of a number using four bits work out the
likely positive equivalent in base 10. (2marks)
c) Convert the decimal fraction 10.37510 to its binary equivalent. (4marks)
d) Assuming the existence of base six, list the numbers that would be used in the number system.
(1mark)

19. a) i)Write the acronym DBMS in full. (1mark)

(ii) State any three functions of a DBMS. (3marks)
b) Indicate the type of cell reference depicted by the following. (3marks)
i) H5………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) H $ 5…………………………………………………………………..………………..
iii) $H$5………………………………………………………………..………………..

c) Mr. Maanzo is a teacher at Soyet High school and wishes to use Spreadsheet to process the
marks obtained by his students during the term. The worksheet below shows the details used.
A B C D E F G H I
1 NAME CAT-1 CAT-2 CATTOTA EXAM TOTAL GRADE PST
L
2 Susan Muani 14 06 56
3 Peter Kwena 13 08 34
4 Mary Ann 10 04 59
5 Paul Njeru 11 07 57
6 Janet Frida 06 09 48
7 Justin Gerard 08 07 50
NB:CAT -1 and CAT -2 are out of 15 marks each and EXAM is out of 70 marks
(i) Write a function that displays “PASSED” when the total marks is >60 otherwise display

“FAIL”. (2marks)
(ii) Write a function that assigns Paul P positions according to the total marks. (2marks)
d) Use illustrations to explain two text alignment features used in electronic word processors
(4 mks)

20. a) Match the following statements with repeater, router or a bridge. (2 marks)
STATEMENT DEVICE
Operates at data link layer
Determine the best path for data to follow
Regenerates signals
Forwards everything which it doesn’t recognize
b) Discuss two disadvantages of wireless networks. (4 marks).
c) Write the following abbreviations in full. (2 marks)
i. F.T.P
ii. H.T.T.P

d) With the aid of a diagram, discuss Hybrid topology. (3 marks)

e) State two advantages of using fiber optic cables. (2 marks)
(d) Explain the meaning of the following terms as used in signal transmission. (2 marks)
i. Attenuation
ii. Noise

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE

MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION
CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
451/2

COMPUTER STUDIES
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
(a) Indicate your name and index number at the top right-hand corner of each printout.
(b) Write your name and index number on the CD/Removable storage medium provided.
(c) Write the name and version of the software used for each question attempted in the answer sheet
provided.
(d) Answer all the questions.
(e) All questions carry equal marks.
(f) Passwords should not be used while saving in the CD/Removable storage medium.
(g) All answers must be saved in your CD/Removable storage medium.
(h) Make a printout of the answers on the answer sheet.
(i) Arrange your printouts and tie/staple them together.
(j) Hand in all the printouts and the CD/Removable storage medium used.
(m)Candidates should answer the questions in English
Question One
The data in the tables below were extracted from Bondo Sub county Games Management system.
Table 1: TEAMS TABLE
Team Code Team Name Address Tel. No. Reg. Fee
01 Majiwa High School Box 0012 021542148 5,000
02 Maranda High School Box 2454 025485267 3,500
03 Usenge High School Box 458 025478756 4,700
04 Akoko Mixed Secondary Box 635 032547855 2,400
05 Kipasi Secondary School Box 2446 032458754 1,200
06 Kapiyo Secondary School Box 6589 015487564 1,400
07 Nyang’oma Boys Box 1254 031204543 5,000
Table 2: RESULTS TABLE
Team Code Games Won Games Lost Games Draw
01 12 2 2
02 10 3 3
03 4 8 3
04 9 3 4
05 7 3 5
06 7 6 4
07 5 9 2
(a) Create a database named Football to store the data above.
(12marks)
(b) Format the Reg. Fee field as follows:
(i) To display the entries with the prefix: “KSh.”Correct to two decimal places. (2marks)
(ii) Restrict entries to positive values only and should return an error message “Error: enter
positive values only” if an out of range value is entered. (2marks)
(c) Validate Team Code to 2 characters only. (2marks)
(d) Create a suitable table relationship between the tables. (3marks)
(e) Design a form for each table and use it to enter the data into the tables. (9marks)
(f) Create a query named TotalGamesQuery to display the fields: Team Code, Team Name and
Total games played. (4 marks)
(g) Create a query to show the team name and total points. (Note: A Win in a game earns
team 3 points, a draw 1 point and a loss 0). The query should show the 3 best teams based on
the total points. Save the query as BestTeamsQuery. (5 marks)
(h) Create a report named RegReport to display the Team Name, Address, Reg. Fee. The
report should show the total registration fee collected from all teams. (5marks)
(i) Sort the records to show the team that has paid the highest amount of registration fee first.
(2 marks)
(ii) Title the report as “income from registration”. (2 marks)
(i) Print each of the following: (2marks)
(i) Teams table and Results table
(ii) TotalGamesQuery and BestTeamsQuery RegReport.
Question Two
(a) Type the following passage using a word processing package and save as Networking.
Answer the questions that follow. (25marks)
COMPUTER NETWORK
A Computer network is a group of computers and other devices connected together by a suitable
media.
Advantages of computer Networks
1. Multiple users can communicate, exchange and share information
2. Resource sharing including program, data base, hardware etc. is possible

Communication
B y definition communications refers to the transfer of information from one place to another between
two individuals using agreed symbols, signs or even human behavior such as nodding. Exchange
of information relies on a communication system to convert, amplify and send signal through a
common medium. Message, Sender, Medium and Receiver are the essential components of
communication systems. If a system is extended by cascading more communication systems, it is
called networked systems.
In case communication involves the sending of information over a significant distance, it must use
telecommunications as an aid. By definition, telecommunications refers to the transmission of
information between distant locations by some electromagnetic means.
Data communications is defined as the interchange and processing of encoded (digital that is, 1s
and 0s) information between distant locations using telecommunications.
Data communications is regarded as the collection and distribution of the electronic representation
of information which can be text, voice, graphics or image, from and to remote computing
facilities. As information can only be carried to the remote site provided that the information
carrier supports that particular type of data transmission, information may undergo data
conversion processes if the nature of data signal is incompatible with the characteristics of the
signal carrier.

Communication networks are usually defined by their size and complexity. We can distinguish four
main types:
▪ Local area networks (LAN). These networks connect computer equipment and other terminals
distributed in a localized area, e.g. a university campus, factory, office. The connection is usually
a cable or fibre, and the extent of the cable defines the LAN.
▪ Metropolitan area networks (MAN). These networks are used to interconnect LANs that are
spread around, say, a town or city. This kind of network is a high speed network using optical
fibre connections.
▪ Wide area networks (WAN). These networks connect computers and other terminals over large
distances. They often require multiple communication connections, including microwave radio
links and satellite.
COMPARISON AMONG DIFFERENT TOPOLOGIES
Below are the advantages and disadvantages of various LAN topologies.
Type Advantage Disadvantage

Failure of central node causes

Star Simple and easy to identify fault
disaster

Irregular Immunity to bottleneck and failure Expensive to provide an alternative

(Mesh) problems routing

Only a single communications

Bus Simple to control traffic flow channel is required to service all
the nodes

Ring Simple to implement One channel is required to service all

TRANSMISSION MEDIA
Transmission can be by cable or wireless methods. There are 3 common types of cable:
▪ Twisted pair,
▪ Co-axial
▪ Fiber optic.
Wireless transmission includes:
▪ Microwave transmission.
▪ Satellite transmission.
▪ Radio waves transmission.
▪ Infrared transmission.
TWISTED PAIR
Consists of two insulated copper wires arranged in a regular spiral pattern to minimize the
electromagnetic interference between adjacent pairs
Often used at customer facilities and also over distances to carry voice as well as data
communications.
TWISTED PAIR ADVANTAGES
▪ Inexpensive and readily available
▪ Flexible and lightweight
▪ Easy to work with and install
TWISTED PAIR DISADVANTAGES
▪ Susceptibility to interference and noise

▪ Attenuation problem
▪ For analog, repeaters needed every 5-6km
▪ For digital, repeaters needed every 2-3km
▪ Relatively low bandwidth (3000Hz)
CO-AXIAL CABLE
▪ Used for cable television, LANs, telephony
▪ Has an inner conductor surrounded by a braided mesh
▪ Both conductors share a common center axial, hence the term “co-axial”
CO-AXIAL ADVANTAGES
Higher bandwidth
▪ 400 to 600Mhz
▪ Up to 10,800 voice conversations
▪ Can be tapped easily (pros and cons)
▪ Much less susceptible to interference than twisted pair

CO-AXIAL DISADVANTAGES
▪ High attenuation rate makes it expensive over long distance
▪ Bulky
▪ Greater capacity (bandwidth of up to 2 Gbps)
▪ Smaller size and lighter weight
▪ Lower attenuation
▪ Immunity to environmental interference
▪ Highly secure due to tap difficulty and lack of signal radiation

FIBER OPTIC CABLE

▪ Relatively new transmission medium used by telephone companies in place of long-distance
trunk lines
▪ Also used by private companies in implementing local data communications networks
▪ Require a light source with injection laser diode (ILD) or light-emitting diodes (LED)
ADVANTAGES OF FIBER OPTIC
▪ Greater capacity (bandwidth of up to 2 Gbps)
▪ Smaller size and lighter weight
▪ Lower attenuation
▪ Immunity to environmental interference
▪ Highly secure due to tap difficulty and lack of signal radiation

DISADVANGES OF FIBER OPTIC

▪ Expensive over short distance
▪ Requires highly skilled installers
▪ Adding additional nodes is difficult
(B) Required:
(i) Open a new document then copy and paste the content of Networking on the new document

(2marks)
(ii) Save the new document as Networking Edited. (2marks)
(iii) Change the title Computer Network as follows.
(4marks)
Alignment – Centre
Font Size – 23
Font colour - Red
Font type –Elephant
Kerning -12 point
Spacing –Expanded
Scale- 100%
Position- Raised
(iv) Convert the paragraphs immediately under Communications into a hanging
indent.(2marks)
(v) Insert your name into the passage as a footer and Index number at the Header. (4 marks)
(vi) Convert the paragraph under Classification of communication networks to two columns
and justify them. (4 marks)
(vii) Insert Water mark a cross the page the page “ COMPUTER NETWORKING “ (2marks)
(viii) Change the Drop cap lines to two. (1mark)
(ix) Insert page border using the following setting. (2marks)
Border – Shadow
Border – Three line
Colour - Orange
(x) Print the document networking and Networking Edited. (2marks)

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE

MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION
CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
441/1

HOME SCIENCE
PAPER 1
TIME: 2½ HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
- This paper contains 3 sections: A, B and C
- Answer all questions in section A and B and any two questions from section C

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

SECTIONS QUESTION MAX. SCORE ACTUAL SCORE

A 1 – 20 40 MARKS

B 21 20 MARKS

C 23 – 24 40 MARKS

TOTAL
SECTION A (40 MARKS) (Answer ALL questions)
1. Name four types of scissors. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Give four vaccines administered to a child through injection. (2mks)

3. Give two roles of the shank in garment construction. (2mks)

4. Outline four methods of seam finishes. (2mks)

5. Give two reasons why food is fortified. (1mk)

6. Give four functions of Thiamine in the body. (2mks)

7. Give two reasons why nylon is commonly used for making brushes. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Mention two uses of asbestos as a fibre. (2mks)

9. Mention three results of burning test carried out on polyester. (3mks)

10. Differentiate between a cess pool and a soak pit. (2mks)

11. Mention two functions of a fish slice in cookery. (1mk)

12. State three characteristics of a well made dart. (3mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. Give two examples of builders added to detergents during manufacture. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. Give two reasons for using each of the following laundry agents. (2mks)
i) Bleach
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Starch
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

15. Name any six types of sleeves. (3mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16. Give two rules for patching. (2mks)

17. Mention four ways a consumer can overcome inflation as a problem. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. Mention two points to observe when taking body measurements. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

19. Give two limitations of dry cleaning (1mk)

20. Differentiate between monochromatic and analogous colour schemes. (2mks)

SECTION B (COMPULSORY) (20 MARKS)

21. You are involved in doing some household chores over the weekend. Give the procedure
you would use to:-
a) Thorough clean a refrigerator (7mks)
b) Launder a nylon night dress. (7mks)
c) Clean a plastic greasy plate. (5mks)

from this section)

22. (a) State and explain four advantages of using left over foods. (8mks)
(b) State five factors to consider when working button holes. (4mks)
(c) Explain four reasons that have led to the spread of diseases associated with lifestyle. (8mks)

23. (a) Explain the following common problems in pregnancy (8mks)

(i) Varicose veins
(ii) Oedema
(iii) Constipation
(iv) Backache
(b) Describe the working of gathers by hands (include diagrams) (8mks)
(c) State four principles of food preservation. (4mks)

24. (a) Discuss four reasons why a mother may be forced to stop breast-feeding.
(8mks)
(b) Mention four factors to consider when choosing a washing machine. (4mks)
(c) Describe the preparation of a shirt collar (8mks)

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE

MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION
CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
441/2

HOME SCIENCE
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

HOMESCIENCE (CLOTHING CONSTRUCTION)

CONFIDENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS

Provide Plain light weight fabric 70cm long by 90cm wide.

MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION
CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
441/2

HOME SCIENCE
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

HOMESCIENCE (CLOTHING CONSTRUCTION)

A pattern of a girl’s dress is provided. You are advised to study the sketches instructions and layout
carefully before you begin the test.
Materials provided.
1. Pattern pieces
A. Bodice front
B. Bodice back
C. Skirt front
D. Skirt back
E. Sleeve
F. Collar
G. Cut out a crossway strip measuring 18cm long by 4cm wide.2. Plain light weight fabric 70cm
long by 90cm wide.
3. Cotton sewing thread to match the fabric.

THE TEST
Using the materials provided cut out and make the left side of the girl’s dress to show the following
processes
(a) Making of the dart at the front bodice. (6 mks)
(b) Making of a shoulder seam using a double stitched seam. (8 mks)
(c) Making of the side seam on bodice and skirt using an open seam. (13 mks)
(d) Attaching of the bodice pieces to the skirt pieces using a plain seam and neatening half of
the back using loop stitches. (10 mks)
(e) Preparation of the collar. (4 mks)
(f) Attaching of the collar using a crossway strip.. (13 mks)
(g) Making of an under arm seam using an open seam. (6 mks
(h) Preparation and attachment of the sleeve. Do not trim or neaten the seam allowance.
(8 ½ mks)

OMIT
The management of the lower hem of the skirt and the sleeve
MASENO 2025 KCSE PREDICTION
CONFIDENTIAL EXAM
441/3

HOME SCIENCE
PAPER 3
TIME: 2½ HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

441/3 – HOME SCIENCE - Paper 3

(Food and Nutrition)

Practical session: 1¼ hours

Planning test session: 30 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
a) Read the test carefully.
b) Write your name and index number on every sheet of paper used.
c) Textbooks and recipes may be used during the planning session as reference materials.
d) You will be expected to keep to your order of work during the practical session.
e) You are only allowed to take away your reference materials at the end of the planning session.
f) You are not allowed to bring additional notes to the practical session.
THE TEST
You are intending to visit your elder sister during the holiday
Using the ingredients listed below prepare, cook and serve one course meal and nutritious drink
for both of you.

Ingredients
- Potatoes /rice / maize flour
- Green grams / beef / beans
- Green leafy vegetables / cabbage
- Carrots
- Tomatoes
- Green pepper
- Onions
- Salt
- Sugar
- Spices
- Cooking oil / fat
- Fruits in season
- Milk

PLANNING SESSION: 30 MINUTES

Use separate sheets of paper for each task listed below and use carbon paper to make duplicate
copies then proceed as follows;
(i) Identify the dishes and write down their recipes
(ii) Write down your order of work
(iii) Make a list of food stuffs and equipments you will require
THE END

CALL/TEXT/WHATSAPP

0746-222-000
0742-999-000

[email protected]

This is a Copyright Property of Mwalimu

Consultancy Ltd.

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