CIVIL
ENGINEERING
CPM
Lecture No. 1
Methods of Scheduling &
Fundamentals Of
Network ANKIT SHARMA SIR
TOPICS o1 Project & its Objectives
TO BE
COVERED o2 Methods Of Project Scheduling
o3 Bar Chart/Gantt Chart
Advantages & Disadvantages of Bar
o4 Chart
o5 Fundamentals of Network
CHAPTER: 1
Methods of Scheduling
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Project
• A project consist of series of activities
which consumes resources
Example
Construction of Skyscraper ,Birthday party,
Marriage etc.
Skyscraper
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Objectives Of Project
1) Project should be completed in optimum amount of time.
2) Project should finish on time with minimum investment cost.
3) Project should use locally available manpower and resources, as
economically as possible.
METHODS OF PROJECT SCHEDULING
Methods Of Project
Scheduling
BAR CHART/GANTT CHART
• Bar chart was introduced by Henry. L. Gantt in 1910.
• Bar chart is a graphical representation between activity and time.
• Activities are shown with the help of bar.
• Length of bar signifies time required for completion of activity
Bar Chart/Gantt Chart
Draw a bar chart and determine project completion time.
Q. For a construction project certain activities are to be performed which
are as given below.
Activity B and C can be performed simultaneously and can start only
when activity A is complete. Activity D can start only after activity B
ends. Activity E can not begin until activities B and C are complete.
Activity F can start only after activity D & E are complete. Activity G is
the last activity, and this can start only after completion of activity E.
Activity Time (Weeks)
A 2
B 3
C 5
D 4
E 2
F 3
G 5
ADVANTAGES OF BAR CHART
1) Simple to draw and easy to understand.
2) No skilled or trained person is required to draw the bar chart .
3) It can be used to determine resource requirement at any stage of the
project . Hence progressive cost of the project can also be determined.
4) Bar chat provides visual representation of entire project, that is when
activities are going to start and complete .
5) Project progress can be expressed in terms of percentage .
NOTE
Bar chart doesn’t indicate inventory cost. Inventory is stock in hand and
work in progress . In general sense inventory is an idle resource.
LIMITATION OF BAR CHART
1) Lack of degree of detail
In case of big projects only major activities can be shown other wise it will
become overcrowded and too clumsy. Hence, bar charts are not suitable
for big projects.
LIMITATION OF BAR CHART
2) Review of Project Progress
Bar chart doesn’t show progress of
work. Hence it can’t be used for
controlling, monitoring & updating of
work.
Bar Chart
LIMITATION OF BAR CHART
3) Bar chart does not show interdependencies between various activities of
the project.
NOTE: This is main drawback of bar chart.
LIMITATION OF BAR CHART
4) It is not useful for those projects where uncertainty is involved in
estimation of activity time.
Example: Research and development projects.
5) It does not show critical path of the project.
6) Since critical path is not defined, it is not possible to crash activities to get
minimum project cost and optimum duration.
MILESTONE CHART
• Milestone chart is an improvement
over original bar chart.
• Developed by Henry L. Gantt hence
called as ‘Gantt Milestone chart’.
• In any activity there are certain key
events which are to be performed
for completion of that activity. Such
key events are called as milestones.
• Milestones are represented by
arrow, square or circle. Milestone Chart
LINKED BAR CHART
• Link bar chart is an improvement over original bar chart & milestone
chart.
• In linked bar chart activities are interlinked with each other by arrows,
indicating their sequence of occurrence.
CHAPTER: 2
Fundamentals Of Network
DEFINITION OF NETWORK DIAGRAM
• Network diagram is a graphical representation of logical sequence of
activities.
A-O-A V/S A-O-N
Activity - On - Arrow (A-O-A) Activity - On - Node (A-O-N)
Network Diagram (Arrow Diagram) Network Diagram (Precedence Diagram)
Activities are represented by nodes &
Activities are represented by arrows
their precedence relationship (or inter-
and node represents event.
relationship) with the help of arrows.
BASIC DEFINITION
Activity
• An activity is a task or job that consumes time and other resources.
• Example: Compaction, Excavation, Concreting etc. It has definite starting
& end point.
• It is represented by an arrow. Tail of arrow signifies start of activity
whereas head of arrow signifies completion of activity.
• Length, shape & orientation of arrow has no significance.
TYPES OF ACTIVITIES
1) Parallel activities or concurrent activities.
These are performed simultaneously & are
independent of each other.
Parallel Activity
TYPES OF ACTIVITIES
2) Serial Activity
These are performed one after another & are dependent on each other.
Serial Activity
EVENT
• Event is an instant of time at which something specific is achieved in the
project which could be start of activities or completion of activities.
• Example: start of compaction, completion of compaction, start of excavation,
completion of excavation etc.
• Event does not consume time & other resources.
• Events are control points in a project.
• Events are represented by nodes ; shape of node can be any regular
geometrical figure.
• Events are numbered for their identification which is written inside the
node.
NOTE
• An activity is also identified by terminal nodes. Hence activity D is
also called as (2, 5). A general convention followed in this subject
will be “i - j” as shown below.
Representation of Activity
TYPES OF EVENTS
1) Tail Event
• It signifies start of an activity.
• If a particular tail event represents start of the project, it is called as initial
event.
Tail Event
TYPES OF EVENTS
2) Head Event
• It signifies completion of an activity.
• If a particular head event represents completion of the project, it is called
as final or end event.
Head Event
TYPES OF EVENTS TAIL EVENT
3) Dual Role Event
Dual role event is tail event for some activities and head event for some other
activities. All the events other than initial & final events are Dual Role events.
Dual Role Event
NOTE
Burst Event : When more than one activity is coming out from an event.
Merge Event : When more than one activity is entering into an event.
Burst & Merge Event
Thank You
GW Soldiers
