only apply to food production distinguish food production from other productive activities
every single person needs food each day/ hugely dependent
Characteristics
on nature
Challenges adverse environments, both natural and human …..
Only in certain parts in developing countries
Financial assistance from the
State subsidies
government
Not always go to the farmers 60% of beneficiaries of subsidies are not poor
Collaborating as a group Collective action
Strengthen their political and economic bargaining power,
Farmers can benefit
reduce business risks
Financial assistance from the
Public welfare programmes
government
Improve the standard of living of
Address poverty, reduce their vulnerability
farmers
Financial input by the same individuals
Selling directly to consumers
who buy from them
Farmers can gain greater control over prices and minimise
Farmers may be helped
price volatility
Variation in prices Wild swings in food prices
Reduce Mitigate
Providing basic services like roads or water and food storage
Improvements to infrastructure
facilities
A major impact on risk Significantly reduce risks
affect farmers with small farms increase smallholder vulnerability; taking advantage of farmers’ vulnerability, dictate
change weather patterns climate change
sell to intermediary buyers the presence of intermediary purchasers
A wide range of interested parties Stakeholders, including business, government, scientists and civil society
Co-operation Work together
Encouraging consumers to take a
Consumers invest in local farmers
financial stake in farming
Aim Goal
A new route A track had recently been blasted down
less than keen on the prospect of climbing the hill, without having the
Lack of enthusiasm
least expectation
dramatic vivid
description describe
Publish his theory Break the story
A common belief An idea which has gained wide acceptance
Went to South America Arrived in South America
In search of Locate
Understood the significance >< not realize the extent or the importance
Created Blasted down
Transportation of rubber Enable rubber to be brought up from the jungle
