19/08/2025, 13:02 Java Classes and Objects

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Java Classes and Objects

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In Java, classes and objects are fundamental building blocks of object-oriented

programming. A class is a blueprint for creating objects, providing initial values for member
variables and implementations of behaviors (methods). An object is an instance of a class,
representing a specific entity with a defined state and behavior.

Classes
A class in Java defines a new data type that can include fields (variables) and methods to
define the behavior of the objects created from the class.
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Syntax

class ClassName {
// Fields
dataType fieldName;

// Constructor
ClassName(parameters) {
// Initialize fields
}

// Methods
returnType methodName(parameters) {
// Method body
}
}

POWERED BY

ClassName : The name of the class.

fieldName : Variables that hold the state of the class.

Constructor : A special method used to initialize objects.

methodName : Functions defined within the class to perform actions.

Objects
An object is an instance of a class. It is created using the new keyword followed by the
class constructor.

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Syntax

ClassName objectName = new ClassName(arguments);

POWERED BY

objectName : The name of the object.

arguments : Values passed to the constructor to initialize the object.

Examples
Example 1: Defining a Class and Creating an Object

class Car {
// Fields
String color;
int year;

// Constructor
Car(String color, int year) {
[Link] = color;
[Link] = year;
}

// Method
void displayInfo() {
[Link]("Car color: " + color + ", Year: " + year);
}

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public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Creating an object
Car myCar = new Car("Red", 2020);
[Link](); // Output: Car color: Red, Year: 2020
}
}

POWERED BY

In this example, the Car class has fields color and year , a constructor to initialize these
fields, and a method displayInfo() to display the car's details. An object myCar is created
using the Car class.

Example 2: Multiple Objects

class Dog {
String name;
int age;

Dog(String name, int age) {

[Link] = name;
[Link] = age;
}

void bark() {
[Link](name + " says Woof!");
}
}

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public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Dog dog1 = new Dog("Buddy", 3);
Dog dog2 = new Dog("Max", 5);

[Link](); // Output: Buddy says Woof!

[Link](); // Output: Max says Woof!
}
}

POWERED BY

Here, the Dog class defines a bark() method. Two Dog objects, dog1 and dog2 , are
created and each calls the bark() method.

Tips and Best Practices

Naming Conventions: Use camelCase for variables and methods, and PascalCase for
class names to improve readability.

Encapsulation: Use access modifiers like private to restrict access to class fields and
provide public getter and setter methods to modify them.

Constructor Overloading: Define multiple constructors to initialize objects in different

ways.

class Book {
String title;
String author;

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// Default constructor
Book() {
[Link] = "Unknown";
[Link] = "Unknown";
}

// Parameterized constructor
Book(String title, String author) {
[Link] = title;
[Link] = author;
}
}

POWERED BY

Object Reusability: Create methods that can be reused across different instances of the
class.

Avoid Memory Leaks: Ensure objects are properly dereferenced when no longer needed,
especially in long-running applications.

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