Automatic rain detection wiper with speed and cleaning system

ELECTRONIC PRODUCT DESIGN PROJECT

ON

AUTOMATIC RAIN DETECTION WIPER WITH SPEED

AND CLEANING SYSTEM
Submitted by

SREEHARI K-20321087
SWATHY RAMSHANKAR-20321089
HARSH ANAND-20521039
MUSKAN SINGH-20921032
ABHISHEK RANJAN-20321098
In partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of the degree
Of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

DIVISION OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
KOCHI-682022
MAY 2024

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Automatic rain detection wiper with speed and cleaning system

DIVISION OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
KOCHI-682022

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the seminar report entitled “AUTOMATIC RAIN DETECTION WITH
SPEED AND CLEANING SYSTEM” is a bonafide work of SREEHARI K, SWATHY
RAMSHANKAR, HARSH ANAND, MUSKAN SINGH, and ABHISHEK RANJAN
towards the partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of B.Tech in Electronics
and Communication of Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi-
682022.

Project Coordinator Head of the division

Dr. Merin Skariah Dr. Deepa Sankar

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our overwhelming indebtedness in God Almighty for the successful

completion of our project. First and foremost, we express our gratitude to Dr.Deepa
Sankar, Head of the Division of Electronics and Engineering. We would like to thank
our project guides Dr. Merin Skariah and Dr. Rinu C Varghese for guiding us in our
project and providing us with adequate facilities in order to complete the task we had
undertaken.

Our sincere gratitude is expressed and extended to our lab staff and other faculty
members of the Electronics and Communication Division for their assistance and
unwavering support.

We proudly thank all our friends who helped us in various stages of this endeavor.

SREEHARI K
SWATHY RAMSHANKAR
HARSH ANAND
MUSKAN SINGH
ABHISHEK RANJAN

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ABSTRACT

This project focuses on the development of an advanced automatic rain and dust
sensor car wiper system to enhance vehicle safety and convenience. The system
utilizes Arduino Uno microcontroller as the core processing unit, along with a rain
sensor module, dust sensor, DC motors, and connecting jumper wires for seamless
integration and operation.
The primary objective of the system is to detect environmental conditions,
specifically rain and dust, and automatically activate the car wipers accordingly. The
rain sensor module is employed to detect the presence and intensity of raindrops on
the windshield. It functions by analyzing the varying resistance between its
conductive traces, triggered by the presence of water droplets. This information is
then relayed to the Arduino Uno, which processes the data and controls the DC
motors responsible for operating the car wipers. The intensity of wiper operation is
determined by the intensity of rainfall detected, ensuring optimal visibility for the
driver while conserving energy during light rain.
Additionally, a dust sensor is incorporated into the system to detect the accumulation
of dust particles on the windshield. The dust sensor utilizes optical detection
principles to measure the concentration of airborne particles. When the dust
concentration exceeds a predefined threshold, the Arduino Uno activates the wipers
to clear the windshield, thus maintaining clear visibility and improving driving safety
in dusty conditions.
The integration of Arduino Uno provides a versatile and programmable platform for
sensor interfacing and control logic implementation. Through efficient code
execution, real-time data processing, and motor control, the system offers responsive
and reliable operation in diverse environmental conditions.
Overall, the automatic rain and dust sensor car wiper system presented in this
project demonstrates a practical application of sensor technology and
microcontroller-based automation in enhancing automotive safety and comfort. By
intelligently adapting wiper operation to environmental cues, the system aims to
optimize driver visibility and contribute to safer driving experiences.

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Table of Contents

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………………………………4

CHAPTER 1…………………………………………………………………………………………………….8

INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………………………...

CHAPTER 2…………………………………………………………………………………………………….9

SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM AND EXPLANATION……………………………………………………..

2.1 System Block Diagram:…………………………………………………………………………...9

2.2 Explanation:………………………………………………………………………………………..10

CHAPTER 3…………………………………………………………………………………………………….11

COMPONENTS……………………………………………………………………………………………….

3.1 Arduino Uno………………………………………………………………………………………..11

3.2 Rain Sensor Module………………………………………………………………………………14

3.3 DC Servo Motor……………………………………………………………………………………17

3.4 Dust Sensor………………………………………………………………………………………...19

3.5 Jumper Wires……………………………………………………………………………………....23

CHAPTER 4…………………………………………………………………………………………………….25

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND WORKING……………………………………………………………………

4.1 Circuit Design……………………………………………………………………………………..25

4.2 Pin Connection……………………………………………………………………………………26

4.3 Working……………………………………………………………………………………………..27

CHAPTER 5…………………………………………………………………………………………………….30

IMPLEMENTATION AND DEVELOPMENT……………………………………………………………..

5.1 Hardware Selection and Integration…………………………………………………………..30

5.2 Software Development and Integration……………………………………………………….31

5.3 Implemented circuit………………………………………………………………………………33

CHAPTER 6…………………………………………………………………………………………………….34

TOTAL COST……………………..………………………………………………………………………..

CHAPTER 7…………………………………………………………………………………………………….35

TESTING AND OBSERVATIONS………………………………………………………………………..

CHAPTER 8…………………………………………………………………………………………………….37

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS…………………………………………………………………………..

8.1 Results…………………………………………………………………………………………….37

8.2 Discussion………………………………………………………………………………………..38

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CHAPTER 9……………………………………………………………………………………………………39

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROJECTS………………………………………………………………

9.1 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………….39

9.2 Future Prospects………………………………………………………………………………..39

APPENDICES………………………………………………………………………………………………….41

CODE………………………………………………………………………………………………………41

DATASHEETS…………………………………………………………………………………………….44

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LIST OF FIGURES

1.BLOCK DIAGRAM………………………………………………………………………..9
2. ARDUINO UNO…………………………………………………………………………11
3. MEMORY PACKAGE…………………………………………………………………..12
4. RAIN SENSOR………………………………………………………………………….14
5. PIN CONFIG OF RAIN SENSOR…………………………………………………….15
6. SERVO MOTOR………………………………………………………………………..17
7. DUST SENSOR………………………………………………………………………...19
8. PIN CONFIG OF DUST SENSOR……………………………………………………21
9. JUMPER WIRES……………………………………………………………………….24
10. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM………………………………………………………………….25
11. IMPLEMENTED CIRCUIT…………………………………………………………..33
12. ARDUINO DATASHEET…………………………………………………………….45
13. RAIN SENSOR DATASHEET………………………………………………………45
14. DUST SENSOR DATASHEET……………………………………………………...46

LIST OF TABLES

1.TOTAL COST……………………………………………………………………………34

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

In the realm of automotive safety and convenience, the integration of cutting-edge

technology has consistently redefined our driving experience. Among these
advancements, the development of automatic rain and dust sensor car wiper systems
stands as a testament to innovation aimed at enhancing both safety and comfort on
the road.
Traditional car wipers, while effective in clearing visibility-obstructing elements,
often require manual adjustment to adapt to varying weather conditions. The advent
of automatic rain and dust sensor systems revolutionizes this aspect of driving by
employing sensors capable of detecting precipitation and airborne particles in real-
time. This technology enables the wiper system to autonomously activate and adjust
its speed based on the intensity of rain or the presence of dust, ensuring optimal
visibility without the need for driver intervention.
The significance of such a system cannot be overstated in mitigating risks associated
with impaired visibility due to adverse weather conditions. By promptly responding
to changes in environmental factors, automatic rain and dust sensor car wipers
contribute to reducing accidents caused by compromised visibility, thereby
enhancing overall road safety.
Moreover, beyond its safety implications, this technology also enhances driving
comfort by relieving drivers of the burden of constantly adjusting wiper settings.
Whether facing sudden downpours or encountering dusty roads, drivers can now
focus more fully on the road ahead, confident in the reliable performance of their
vehicle’s wiper system.
In this project, we delve into the intricacies of automatic rain and dust sensor car
wiper systems, exploring the underlying technologies, design considerations, and
implementation challenges. Through meticulous research and experimentation, we
aim to develop a robust prototype that exemplifies the potential of this
groundbreaking technology in redefining automotive safety standards.
Join us on this journey as we embark on a quest to revolutionize the driving
experience through the fusion of innovation and practicality in automotive design.
Together, let us pave the way towards safer, more comfortable roads for drivers
worldwide.

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CHAPTER 2
SYSTEMIC BLOCK DIAGRAM AND EXPLANATION

2.1 System Block Diagram:

ARDUINO UNO

RAIN SENSOR DUST SENSOR

SERVO MOTORS

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2.2 Explanation

1. Arduino Microcontroller:

-The Arduino microcontroller serves as the brain of the system, responsible for
processing sensor data, controlling the servo motor, and executing the wiper speed
control algorithm.

2. Rain Sensor:

- The rain sensor detects the presence and intensity of raindrops on the windshield.
It typically consists of a moisture-sensitive surface that changes resistance when
exposed to water. The analog or digital output of the rain sensor indicates the level
of rainfall detected.

3. Dust Sensor:

- The dust sensor detects the accumulation of dust particles on the windshield. It
may utilize optical, laser, or other methods to measure dust density or particle
concentration. The output of the dust sensor provides feedback on the level of dust
accumulation.

4. Servo Motors:

- The servo motors control the movement of the wiper blades. It receives commands
from the Arduino microcontroller to adjust the wiper position, speed, and direction
based on sensor inputs. The servo motor's rotational movement translates into the
sweeping motion of the wiper blades across the windshi

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CHAPTER 3

COMPONENTS
3.1 Arduino Uno
The Arduino Uno is an open source microcontroller board based on the Microchip
ATmega328P microcontroller(MCU) and developed by Arduino.cc and initially
released in 2010. The board is equipped with sets of digital and analog (I/O) pins
that may be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The
board has 14 digital I/O pins (six capable of PWM output), 6 analog I/O pins, and is
programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment), via a
type B USB cable. It can be powered by a USB cable or a barrel connector that
accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts, such as a rectangular 9-volt battery. It has
the same microcontroller as the Arduino NANO board, and the same headers as the
Leonardo board.

DIAGRAM:

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➡ATmega328 Microcontroller- It is a single chip Microcontroller of the ATmel

family. The processor code inside it is 8-bit. It combines Memory (SRAM, EEPROM,
and Flash), Analog to Digital Converter, SPI serial ports, I/O lines, registers, timer,
external and internal interrupts, and oscillator.

➡ICSP pin - The In-Circuit Serial Programming pin allows the user to program using
the firmware of the Arduino board.

➡Power LED Indicator- The ON status of LED shows the power is activated. When
the power is OFF, the LED will not light up.

➡Digital I/O pins- The digital pins have the value HIGH or LOW. The pins
numbered from D0 to D13 are digital pins.

➡TX and RX LEDs- The successful flow of data is represented by the lighting of
these LED's.

➡AREF- The Analog Reference (AREF) pin is used to feed a reference voltage to the
Arduino UNO board from the external power supply.

➡Reset button- It is used to add a Reset button to the connection.

➡USB- It allows the board to connect to the computer. It is essential for the
programming of the Arduino UNO board.

➡MEMORY- the memory structure is given in the image below

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➡Crystal Oscillator- The Crystal oscillator has a frequency of 16MHz, which makes
the Arduino UNO a powerful board.

➡Voltage Regulator- The voltage regulator converts the input voltage to 5V.

➡GND- Ground pins. The ground pin acts as a pin with zero voltage.

➡Vin- It is the input voltage.

➡Analog Pins- The pins numbered from A0 to A5 are analog pins. The function of
Analog pins is to read the analog sensor used in the connection. It can also act as
GPIO (General Purpose Input Output) pins.

3.1.1 COMMUNICATION
The Arduino Uno has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer,
another Arduino/Genuino board, or other microcontrollers. The ATmega328
provides UART TTL (5V) serial communication, which is available on digital pins 0
(RX) and 1 (TX). An ATmega16U2 on the board channels this serial communication
over USB and appears as a virtual com port to software on the computer. The 16U2
firmware uses the standard USB COM drivers, and no external driver is needed.
However, on Windows, a .inf file is required. Arduino Software (IDE) includes a
serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the board. The
RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash when data is being transmitted via the USB-
to-serial chip and USB connection to the computer (but not for serial communication
on pins 0 and 1). A Software Serial library allows serial communication on any of the
Uno's digital pins.
3.1.2 PROGRAMMING
Once the Arduino IDE tool is installed in the PC, attach the Arduino board to the
computer with the help of a USB cable. Open the Arduino IDE & select the right
board by choosing Tools–>Board..>Arduino Uno, and select the right Port by
choosing Tools–>Port. This board can be programmed with the help of an Arduino
programming language depending on Wiring.
To activate the Arduino board & flash the led on the board, dump the program code
with the selection of Files–> Examples..>Basics..>Flash. When the programming
codes are dumped into the IDE, and then click the button ‘upload’ on the top ba]r.
Once this process is completed, check the LED flash on the board.

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3.1.3 APPLICATIONS

➡Robotics and automation

➡Internet of Things (IoT) devices
➡Control system
➡Home automation systems
➡Data loggers
➡Musical instruments and light shows
➡Prototyping and testing electronic circuits
➡Automated gardening systems
➡Measuring and monitoring systems
➡Educational purposes for teaching electronics and programming

3.2 Rain sensor module

The rain sensor module is an easy tool for rain detection. It can be used as a switch
when raindrop falls through the raining board and also for measuring rainfall
intensity. The module features, a rain board and the control board that is separate for
more convenience, power indicator LED and an adjustable sensitivity though a
potentiometer.
The analog output is used in detection of drops in the amount of rainfall. Connected
to 5V power supply, the LED will turn on when induction board has no rain drop,
and DO output is high. When dropping a little amount water, DO output is low, the
switch indicator will turn on. Brush off the water droplets, and when restored to the
initial state, outputs high level.
DIAGRAM:

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3.2.1 SPECIFICATIONS

• Adopts high quality of RF-04 double sided material.

• Area: 5cm x 4cm nickel plate on side.
• Anti-oxidation, anti-conductivity, with long use time.
• Comparator output signal clean waveform is good, driving ability, over 15Ma.
• Potentiometer adjust the sensitivity.
• Working voltage 5V.
• Output format: Digital switching output (0 and 1) and analog voltage output AO.
• With bolt holes for easy installation.
• Small board PCB size: 3.2cm x 1.4cm.
• Uses a wide voltage LM393 comparator.

3.2.2 PIN CONFIGURATION

1. VCC: 5V DC
2. GND: ground
3. DO: high/low output
4. AO: analog output

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3.2.3 WORKING

A raindrop sensor has a board on which nickel is coated in the form of lines. It works
on the principle of resistance.
The principle is that when there is no rain drop on board, the resistance is high so we
get high voltage according to V=IR.
When raindrops are present the resistance is reduced as water is a conductor of
electricity and its presence connects nickel lines in parallel so the reduced resistance
and there is a voltage drop across it.
Control Circuit:
In addition, the raindrop module has a potentiometer that is responsible for
adjusting the output of the digital pin.
The potentiometer is calibrated to recieve accurate readings. The potentiometer is
connected to the inverting end of the LM393 comparator and sets the reference or
threshold voltage meanwhile the input analog voltage is applied to the non-inverting
side of the comparator.
Then the respective comparator compares both the voltages. This leads to two
conditions and gives output accordingly.
If the voltage given as an input is more than the reference voltage then the
comparator shows a high state.
Copper Pads:
The working of the raindrop sensor module is easy and straightforward. The rain
detector series has a series of exposed copper paths that act as variable resistors
whose resistance varies according to the amount of water on its surface.
Generally, they are not connected but are bridged through the water. This resistance
is inversely proportional to amount of water.
The more water on the surface of the rain pads the better the conductivity and this
results in lower resistance. The sensor produces an output voltage which is used to
determine whether it is raining or not.
Sensor Module:
The raindrop sensor module consists of a control sensor and a rain-sensing pad
which can be connected to any microcontroller.
The module produces an output voltage according to the resistance of the sensing
pad and is given at the analog output pin.
The same signal is also passed over to the LM393m high precision comparator to
digitize and is made available at the TTL digital output pin.

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Indication LED:
Whereas if the threshold voltage is more than the applied voltage then the
comparator output will be low.
Apart from these, the module has two LEDs, a power LED and a status LED. The
power LED will light up when the module is powered and the status LED glows and
indicates the digital output pin status.

3.2.4 APPLICATIONS:
• It is used as a water preservation device and this is connected to the irrigation
system to shut down the system in event of rainfall.

• It is used to support the regular windscreen wiper’s mode and to protect the
internal parts of an automobile.

• This ray detection sensor is used in specialized satellite communications

aerials for controlling and activating a rain blower over the opening of the
aerial feed, to get rid of water droplets from the mylar wrap to keep
pressurized as well as dry air within the waveguides.

3.3 Servo Motor:

A servo motor or servo is one type of electrical motor used to rotate the machine
parts with high precision. This motor includes a control circuit that provides
feedback on the current location of the shaft of the motor so this feedback simply
allows these motors to revolve with high precision. A Servo motor is beneficial in
rotating an object at some distance or angle.
DIAGRAM:

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3.3.1 WORKING:
The working principle of a servo motor revolves around its internal components,
including a DC motor, gearbox, position sensor (usually a potentiometer or encoder),
and control circuitry. When a control signal is applied to the servo motor, typically in
the form of a pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal, the motor's control circuitry
interprets the signal and adjusts the motor's position accordingly.

The control circuitry compares the desired position (specified by the control signal)
with the motor's actual position (sensed by the position sensor). If there is a
discrepancy between the desired and actual positions, the control circuitry generates
a corrective signal to drive the motor in the appropriate direction until the desired
position is reached. This feedback loop continues in real-time, ensuring precise
positioning of the motor shaft.

The gearbox in a servo motor provides mechanical advantage by reducing the motor's
rotational speed and increasing its torque output. This allows the servo motor to
exert sufficient force to move loads or actuate mechanisms with high precision.

Servo motors are widely used in various applications requiring accurate and
controlled motion, such as robotics, CNC machines, industrial automation, and
model airplanes. Their ability to provide precise position control, combined with
compact size, makes them invaluable in applications where accuracy and reliability
are paramount. Overall, the working of a servo motor is characterized by its ability to
receive control signals, maintain a specified position, and exert precise rotational
motion, making it a versatile and indispensable component in many
electromechanical systems.

3.3.2 APPLICATIONS:

1. Robotics: Servo motors control robot joints for precise movement in

manufacturing, healthcare, and research.
2. CNC Machines: Servo motors drive tool heads and spindles in CNC machines for
accurate machining operations.
3. Camera Stabilization: Servo motors stabilize cameras in gimbals and steadicams
for smooth footage in photography and filmmaking.

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3.4 Dust Sensor:

A dust sensor, also known as a particulate matter (PM) sensor or air quality sensor, is
a device used to measure the concentration of suspended particles in the air, typically
in terms of micrometers (μm) or smaller. These particles can include dust, pollen,
smoke, and other pollutants.

Dust sensors are commonly used in indoor air quality monitoring systems, industrial
hygiene, environmental monitoring, and HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air
Conditioning) systems to ensure air quality standards are met and to protect human
health. They can also be integrated into smart home devices and wearable
technologies to provide real-time air quality information.

DIAGRAM:

3.4.1 SPECIFICATIONS:
Dust sensors are devices used to measure the concentration of particulate matter in
the air. Here are some typical specifications you might find for a dust sensor:

1. Particle Size Range: Dust sensors usually measure particles within a certain size
range. Common ranges include PM1.0 (particles with a diameter of 1.0 micrometer or
smaller), PM2.5 (particles with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or smaller), and PM10
(particles with a diameter of 10 micrometers or smaller). Some sensors can measure
larger particles as well.

2. Detection Principle: Dust sensors employ various detection principles such as light
scattering, light attenuation, or electrical sensing. Each principle has its own
advantages and limitations.

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3. Sensitivity: This refers to the smallest detectable particle size and the lowest
concentration of particles that the sensor can reliably measure.

4. Response Time: The time it takes for the sensor to detect changes in particle
concentration and provide a corresponding output.

5. Accuracy: The degree of closeness between the measured value and the true value
of the particle concentration.

6. Resolution: The smallest increment of particle concentration that the sensor can
detect and differentiate.

7. Sampling Rate: The frequency at which the sensor takes measurements, usually
expressed in measurements per second or minute.

8. Operating Environment: The conditions under which the sensor can operate
effectively, including temperature, humidity, and altitude ranges.

9. Output Interface: How the sensor communicates its measurements to external

devices, such as analog voltage output, digital output (e.g., UART, I2C), or wireless
protocols (e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi).

10. Power Consumption: The amount of electrical power the sensor requires to
operate, important for battery-powered applications.

11. Physical Dimensions: Size and weight of the sensor module.

12. Calibration: Whether the sensor requires periodic calibration for accurate
measurements and how this is performed.

13. Data Processing: Some sensors may include onboard data processing capabilities
to provide pre-processed or filtered data.

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These specifications can vary depending on the specific model and manufacturer of
the dust sensor. It's important to consider these specifications when selecting a sensor
for a particular application to ensure it meets the requirements of the intended use
case.

3.4.2 PIN DIAGRAM:

V-LED This is the VCC pin of the LED. Connect this pin to the 5V pin of the
Arduino with a 150Ω Current Limiting Resistor.

LED-GND This is the Ground Pin of the LED. Connect this pin to the Ground pin
of the Arduino.

LED This Pin can be used to Toggle the LED On/Off. Connect it to any digital
pin of Arduino.

S-GND is the ground pin of the pulse Dust Sensor module and it should be
connected to the ground pin of the Arduino.

Vout This is the output of the Dust Sensor Module, you can connect it to any
analog pins of the Arduino.

VCC Power Pin of the Dust Sensor Module connects to 5V or 3.3V pin of the
Arduino.

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3.4.3 WORKING:

The working of the GP2Y1014AU0F Dust sensor is simple and easy to understand.
Inside the sensor, there are three major parts, they are the light-emitting diode(light
source), the photodiode(detector), and a pair of lenses. The LED and the Photodiode
inside the sensor are so placed that the two optical axis cross the detection area in the
sensor. When dust or smoke enters the detection area of the sensor, the light inside
the sensor gets reflected from the dust or smoke, as a result, the current generated by
the photodiode varies in accordance with the amount of the detected light. And by
converting and amplifying the current value to voltage value with proper circuitry we
get the desired output from our sensor.

To work with the sensor you need only two pins out of all six pins. The first one triggers
the LED and the second one puts out the analog signal from the sensor. Resistor,
R1=150Ω, and capacitor, C1=220uF mentioned above are required for the pulse drive
of the LED. Without the resistor and the capacitor, the module does not work. To get
the desired data out of the sensor, you need to trigger the LED with a 10ms pulse in
which the pulse width should be not more than 0.32ms. And as recommended by the
datasheet, we should sample the signal after 0.28ms, after the trigger pulse is provided
to the LED.

3.4.4 APPLICATIONS:

1. Indoor Air Quality Monitoring: One of the primary applications is indoor air
quality monitoring in homes, offices, schools, and other indoor environments. It
helps to assess the level of airborne dust particles, which can impact respiratory
health and overall comfort.

2. HVAC Systems: Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems

can incorporate dust sensors to optimize air filtration and ventilation rates based
on real-time dust concentration levels. This ensures better air quality and
energy efficiency.

3. Air Purifiers: Dust sensors are essential components in air purifiers and air
filtration systems. They detect the presence of dust particles and trigger the
purification process to remove contaminants from the air.

4. Automotive Cabin Air Quality: Dust sensors can be integrated into automotive
cabin air filtration systems to monitor and improve the air quality inside vehicles.
This is particularly important for ensuring passenger comfort and health during
long journeys.

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5. Industrial Monitoring: Dust sensors are used in industrial environments to

monitor air quality and ensure compliance with occupational health and safety
regulations. They are commonly employed in factories, warehouses, and
manufacturing facilities where dust and particulate matter are generated.

6.Environmental Monitoring: Dust sensors play a role in environmental

monitoring applications, such as assessing air pollution levels in urban areas,
near construction sites, or in proximity to industrial facilities.

7. Smart Home Systems: In smart home applications, dust sensors can be

integrated into home automation systems to provide feedback on indoor air
quality and trigger actions such as adjusting ventilation, activating air purifiers,
or sending alerts to occupants.

8. Research and Development: Dust sensors are also used in research and
development settings for studying air pollution, conducting experiments on
filtration technologies, and evaluating the effectiveness of dust control
measures.

3.5 Jumper Wires:

In electronics, "jumper wires" typically refers to wires used to create temporary

connections or bridges between two points on a circuit board or electronic
component. This technique is often employed in troubleshooting, prototyping, or
repairing electronic devices. Here are some scenarios where jumper wires may be
used:

1. Circuit Debugging: When diagnosing issues with a circuit board, jumping

wires can be used to bypass components or trace the flow of electricity to
identify faulty connections or components.
2. Repairing Broken Traces: If a trace (a conductive pathway on a circuit
board) is damaged or severed, jumper wires can be used to bridge the gap and
restore electrical continuity.
3. Prototype Testing: During the prototyping phase of electronics projects,
jumper wires are frequently used to quickly establish connections between
components and test different circuit configurations.

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4. Modifying Circuits: When modifying existing electronic circuits, jumper

wires can be used to add new components or alter the flow of signals without
permanently soldering components in place.
5. Temporary Fixes: In some cases, jumper wires may be used as temporary
fixes for electronic devices until more permanent repairs can be made.

Jumper wires are typically thin, flexible, and insulated wires, often with solid or
stranded cores. They are available in various lengths and colors, making it easier to
differentiate between connections in complex circuits. While jumper wires are
invaluable tools for electronics enthusiasts and professionals, it's important to use
them carefully to avoid short circuits or unintentional connections that could damage
electronic components.

DIAGRAM:

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CHAPTER 4
CIRCUIT DESIGN AND WORKING

4.1 Circuit Design

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4.2 Pin Connection:

1.Rain Sensor Module:

• Vcc:+5V

• GND: GND

• A0:A0

• D0:NA

2. Dust sensor:

• LED-GND: GND

• S GND: GND

• LED: Digital PIN 13

• V0: A5

• V-LED: +5V

• Vcc: +5V

3. Servo motor :

• PIN 1: Vcc

• PIN 2: GND

• PIN 3: Digital PIN 9 (for 1st motor) and PIN 10(for 2nd)

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4.3 Working

The detailed working of an automatic rain and dust sensor car wiper with intensity
adjustment and cleaning system:

1. Sensor Detection:

- The system starts by continuously monitoring the windshield using rain and
dust sensors. These sensors are typically mounted near the windshield and
utilize various technologies such as optical, capacitive, or laser-based methods to
detect the presence of raindrops or dust particles.

2. Signal Processing:

- Once the sensors detect rain or dust accumulation on the windshield, the
signal is processed by the control unit. Signal processing algorithms filter out
noise and interference, ensuring accurate detection of environmental conditions.

3. Intensity Adjustment Logic:

- Based on the sensor readings, the control unit determines the intensity of the
wiper operation required. This decision is influenced by factors such as the rate
of rainfall, density of dust particles, and vehicle speed. The intensity adjustment
logic translates sensor data into appropriate wiper speed and pressure settings.

4. Wiper Control:

- The control unit sends commands to the wiper motor to adjust its speed and
pressure accordingly. For intensity adjustment, the control unit modulates the
PWM signal sent to the wiper motor, controlling the frequency and duty cycle to
vary the wiper's movement.

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Automatic rain detection wiper with speed and cleaning system

5. Variable Speed Operation:

- During light rain or minimal dust accumulation, the wipers operate at a lower
speed to conserve energy and reduce wear on the wiper blades. As the intensity
of precipitation or dust increases, the wipers speed up to maintain visibility and
ensure effective cleaning of the windshield.

6. Pressure Modulation:

- In addition to speed adjustment, the system may also modulate the pressure
exerted by the wiper blades on the windshield. This ensures that the wipers apply
sufficient force to remove rain or dust without causing damage to the glass
surface.

7. Feedback Mechanism:

- The system may incorporate a feedback mechanism to continuously monitor

the effectiveness of wiper operation. Feedback sensors or algorithms assess the
clarity of the windshield and adjust wiper settings accordingly, providing real-time
optimization of wiper performance.

8. User Interface Interaction:

- Users may have the option to override automatic control and adjust wiper
settings manually through a user interface. This interface could be a touchscreen
display, physical buttons, or voice commands, allowing drivers to customize wiper
operation based on their preferences or specific driving conditions.

9. Safety Considerations:

- The system prioritizes safety by ensuring uninterrupted visibility for the driver.
It anticipates changes in environmental conditions and adjusts wiper operation
preemptively to prevent sudden visibility impairments that could compromise
driving safety.

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10. Energy Efficiency:

- By adjusting wiper operation based on real-time sensor data, the system

optimizes energy usage and extends the lifespan of wiper components. It
minimizes unnecessary wiping during light precipitation or dust conditions,
conserving power and reducing maintenance costs.

In summary, an automatic rain and dust sensor car wiper with intensity
adjustment continuously monitors environmental conditions, processes sensor
data, and adjusts wiper operation dynamically to ensure optimal visibility and
driving safety. It combines sensor technology, signal processing algorithms, and
control logic to provide a convenient and efficient solution for maintaining
windshield clarity in varying weather conditions.

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CHAPTER 5

IMPLEMENTATION AND DEVELOPMENT

In this chapter a detailed account of implementation and development process of

automatic rain detection wiper with speed and cleaning system. It covers the
hardware and software components used, the integration process and the steps taken
to ensure a fully functional and reliable system.

5.1 Hardware Selection and Integration

Selecting and integrating hardware components for a rain detection wiper with speed
control and cleaning system using Arduino involves careful consideration of sensors,
actuators, and supporting peripherals:

1. Arduino Microcontroller: Chose an Arduino board compatible with the project's

requirements, such as Arduino Uno or Arduino Mega. Ensured it has sufficient
digital and analog pins for interfacing with sensors and actuators.

2. Rain Sensor: Selected a rain sensor capable of accurately detecting rainfall

intensity. Opted for a sensor with analog or digital output, depending on the Arduino
board's compatibility. Examples include the FC-37 or YL-83 rain sensors.

3. Dust Sensor: Chose a dust sensor to detect dust accumulation on the windshield.
Considered sensors like the GP2Y1010AU0F dust sensor or the Sharp
GP2Y1014AU0F for reliable dust detection.

4. Servo Motor: Picked a servo motor to control the movement of the wiper blades.
Ensurekd it provides sufficient torque and precision for smooth wiper operation.
Common choices included TowerPro SG90 or MG90S servo motors.

5. Power Supply: Selected a power supply to provide adequate voltage and current to
the Arduino board, sensors, servo motor.Used a regulated DC power adapter or
battery pack with appropriate voltage levels.

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6. Wiring and Interfacing: Connected the sensors, actuators, and Arduino board
using jumper wires, connectors, and terminal blocks. Referred to datasheets and
pinout diagrams for correct wiring configurations.

7. Programming: Developed Arduino code to read sensor data, control the servo
motor), and implemented the wiper speed control and cleaning logic. Utilized
libraries and example code for interfacing with sensors and actuators.

11. Testing and Calibration: Tested the system under simulated rain and dust
conditions to verify its performance. Calibrated sensor thresholds, motor speed
profiles, and cleaning mechanisms as needed to optimize functionality.

5.2 Software Development and Integration

To develop and integrate software for an automatic rain and dust sensor car wiper
system with intensity control using Arduino, you'll need to follow a systematic
approach. Here's a detailed guide:

1. Arduino IDE Setup:

- Install the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) on your computer.

- Configure the IDE for your Arduino board model and select the appropriate port.

2. Library Installation:

- Install any necessary libraries for interfacing with the rain and dust sensors.
Search for compatible libraries in the Arduino Library Manager or download them
from reputable sources online.

3. Sensor Initialization:

- Write code to initialize the rain and dust sensors. This may involve configuring
sensor parameters such as sensitivity and sampling rate.

4. Sensor Data Acquisition:

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- Implement code to read data from the rain and dust sensors. Use appropriate
functions or methods provided by the sensor libraries to retrieve sensor readings.

5. Data Processing:

- Process the sensor data to determine the intensity of rainfall and dust
accumulation. Implement algorithms to analyze sensor readings and convert them
into meaningful intensity values.

6. Wiper Control Logic:

- Develop the control logic for adjusting the wiper speed and intensity based on
sensor inputs. Define thresholds or criteria for activating the wipers and modulating
their speed and pressure.

7. Servo Motor Control:

- Write code to control the servo motor that operates the wiper mechanism. Utilize
Arduino's Servo library to interface with the servo motor and set its position and
speed.

8. Integration:

- Integrate the sensor data acquisition, processing, and wiper control logic into a
cohesive software system. Ensure that the components communicate effectively and
respond appropriately to changes in environmental conditions.

9. Testing and Debugging:

- Test the software on the Arduino board to verify its functionality and identify any
bugs or issues.

- Use serial debugging tools and print statements to monitor sensor readings and
debug the code as needed.

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10. Calibration and Optimization:

- Calibrate the sensor thresholds and control parameters to optimize the

performance of the automatic wiper system.

- Fine-tune the software algorithms to ensure accurate detection of rain and dust
and smooth operation of the wiper mechanism.

- Implement buttons, LEDs, or an LCD display to indicate system status and allow
user interaction.

5.3 Implemented circuit

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CHAPTER 6

TOTAL COST
SL ITEM QTY UNIT COST
NO. PRICE

1. ARDUINO UNO 1 250 rs 250 rs

2. JUMPER WIRES 20 10 rs 200 rs

3. DC SERVO MOTOR 2 150 rs 300 rs

4. DUST SENSOR 1 950 rs 950 rs

5. RAIN SENSOR 1 100 rs 100 rs

6. BREAD BOARD 1 50 rs 50 rs

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CHAPTER 7

TESTING AND OBSERVATIONS.

The purpose of testing and observations in a project is to assess the performance,

functionality, usability, reliability, safety, and overall quality of a product or system.
It involves systematically evaluating different aspects of the project to identify any
issues, defects, or areas for improvement.

1. Initial Setup:

• Set up the rain and dust detection system along with the wiper mechanism
according to the project specifications.
• Ensured all components are properly connected and calibrated before
proceeding with testing.

2. Rain Detection Testing:

• Simulated various rainfall intensities using a controlled water source or

spray system.
• Tested the rain detection system to ensure accurate sensing of raindrops on
the windshield.

3. Speed Control Testing:

• Evaluated the speed control mechanism by adjusting the wiper speed

based on the intensity of rain detected.
• Tested the responsiveness of the wipers to changes in rainfall intensity and
adjust the control algorithm as needed.

4. Dust Detection Testing:

• Introduced dust particles onto the windshield surface to simulate dusty

conditions.
• Tested the dust detection system to ensure accurate sensing of dust
accumulation.
• Measure the system's ability to activate the wipers and adjust their speed in
response to dust accumulation.

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5. Integration Testing:

• Integrated the rain and dust detection systems with the speed control
mechanism.
• Tested the integrated system under various weather conditions, including
rain, dust, and combinations of both.
• Ensured seamless coordination between the detection systems and the
wiper speed control algorithm.

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CHAPTER 8

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

8.1 Results

1. Rain Detection Performance:

- Detailed the accuracy of rain detection achieved by the system under various
rainfall intensities.

- Provided quantitative data on the system's response time to rainfall events and its
ability to activate the wipers promptly.

2. Speed Control Effectiveness:

- Presented findings on the effectiveness of the speed control mechanism in

adjusting wiper speed according to rainfall intensity.

- Included data on the speed profiles of the wipers under different rainfall
conditions and how well they correlate with the detected rain levels.

3. Dust Detection Accuracy:

- Discussed the system's performance in detecting dust accumulation on the

windshield.

- Provided quantitative data on the system's ability to activate the wipers in

response to dust events and clear the windshield effectively.

4. Integration of Rain and Dust Sensors:

- Described how the rain and dust sensors were integrated into the system and
how their outputs were coordinated to control the wipers.

- Provided insights into any challenges encountered during integration and how
they were addressed.

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8.2 Discussions

1. Performance Evaluation:

- Analyzed the system's overall performance in detecting and responding to rain

and dust events.

- Discussed any discrepancies between expected and observed results and

possible reasons behind them.

2. Effectiveness of Speed Control Algorithm:

- Evaluated the effectiveness of the speed control algorithm in adjusting wiper

speed based on sensor inputs.

- Discussed the algorithm's robustness and responsiveness to changes in

environmental conditions.

3. Challenges and Limitations:

- Identified any challenges or limitations encountered during the project, such as

sensor accuracy issues, calibration difficulties, or integration complexities.

- Discussed how these challenges were addressed or mitigated and any

implications for the system's performance.

4. Conclusion:

- Summarized the key findings and insights from the project.

- Emphasized the significance of the project outcomes and their implications for the
field of automatic wiper systems and vehicle safety.

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CHAPTER 9

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROJECTS

9.1 Conclusion

In conclusion, the development and implementation of automatic rain and dust

sensing car wipers with intensity adjustment represent a significant advancement in
automotive technology. Through the integration of sophisticated sensors, intelligent
algorithms, and responsive control systems, these wipers offer enhanced safety,
convenience, and efficiency for drivers.

The automatic detection of rainwater and dust accumulation on the windshield

enables the wipers to activate and adjust their speed and intensity accordingly,
ensuring optimal visibility in various weather conditions. This not only improves
driving safety but also reduces driver distraction and fatigue by eliminating the need
for manual wiper adjustments.

Moreover, the intensity adjustment feature optimizes wiper usage by tailoring their
operation to the prevailing environmental conditions. By minimizing unnecessary
wiping and adapting to changing levels of precipitation and dust, these wipers extend
the lifespan of wiper blades and contribute to energy efficiency in vehicles.

Looking ahead, the future prospects for automatic rain and dust sensing car wipers
with intensity adjustment are promising. With ongoing advancements in sensor
technology, integration with smart car systems, and customization options for users,
these wipers are poised to become even more effective and versatile in meeting the
evolving needs of drivers.

In summary, automatic rain and dust sensing car wipers with intensity adjustment
represent a significant innovation in automotive safety and convenience, offering
tangible benefits for drivers while paving the way for further advancements in vehicle
technology.

9.2 Future Prospects

The future prospects for automatic rainwater and dust sensing car wipers with
intensity adjustment look promising. Here's why:

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1. Safety and Convenience: Automatic rain-sensing wipers enhance safety by

ensuring optimal visibility during rain, snow, or fog without requiring driver
intervention. By detecting moisture on the windshield, these wipers can activate and
adjust their speed accordingly, allowing drivers to focus more on the road.

2. Efficiency: Intensity adjustment based on the amount of rain or dust can improve
efficiency by optimizing wiper usage. Rather than running at a constant speed, the
wipers adjust their speed according to the intensity of precipitation or the level of
dust accumulation, thereby reducing unnecessary wiping and extending the lifespan
of wiper blades.

3. Advanced Sensors: With advancements in sensor technology, future iterations of

automatic wipers may become even more accurate in detecting environmental
conditions. This could lead to better performance in varying weather conditions,
including light drizzles, heavy downpours, and dusty environments.

4. Integration with Smart Systems: Integration with smart car systems and Internet of
Things (IoT) platforms could enable these wipers to communicate with other vehicle
components and external weather databases. This integration could allow for
predictive maintenance scheduling, adaptive control based on road conditions, and
real-time updates on weather forecasts.

5. Energy Efficiency: By only activating when needed and adjusting their intensity
accordingly, automatic wipers can contribute to energy efficiency in vehicles. This is
particularly important as the automotive industry continues to focus on sustainability
and reducing carbon emissions.

6. Customization and User Experience: Future automatic wipers may offer

customizable settings to cater to individual preferences and driving habits. Users
may be able to adjust sensitivity levels, speed thresholds, and other parameters to
suit their needs, enhancing the overall driving experience.

Overall, as automotive technology continues to evolve, automatic rainwater and dust

sensing car wipers with intensity adjustment are likely to play a significant role in
enhancing both safety and comfort for drivers while contributing to the efficiency and
sustainability of vehicles.

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APPENDICES

CODE:
#include <Servo.h>

Servo myservo;

Servo myservo1;

int pos = 0;

int dustSensorPin = A5;

int dustThreshold = 500;

int rainSensorPin = A0;

int rainThreshold = 500;

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);

myservo.attach(9);

myservo1.attach(10);

pinMode(dustSensorPin, INPUT);

pinMode(rainSensorPin, INPUT);

void loop() {

int rainValue = analogRead(rainSensorPin);

int dustValue = analogRead(dustSensorPin);

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Serial.print("Rain Sensor Value: ");

Serial.print(rainValue);

Serial.print(", Dust Sensor Value: ");

Serial.println(dustValue);

// Rain wiper logic

if (rainValue > rainThreshold ) {

myservo.write(0);

myservo1.write(0);

delay(1000);

else {

float motor_speed=map(rainValue,100,300,50,170);

for (pos = 0; pos <= 120; pos +=10) {

myservo.write(pos);

myservo1.write(pos);

delay(motor_speed);

for (pos = 120; pos >= 0; pos -=10) {

myservo.write(pos);

myservo1.write(pos);

delay(motor_speed);

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if (dustValue > dustThreshold) {

Serial.println("High dust level detected!");

delay(100);

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DATASHEETS
1. ARDUINO UNO

2. RAIN SENSOR MODULE

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3. DUST SENSOR

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