1. Explain the physical properties of Ethernet.

Discuss in detail the three generation of

Ethernet.
2. Distinguish between IEEE 802.3 and IEEE 802.5 standards
3. Calculate the throughput of stop and wait flow control mechanism if the frame size is 4800
bits. Bit rate is 9600 bps and distance between devices is 3000 km. Speed of propagation
over the transmission is 3,00,000 Km/s (6)
4. Explain in detail the working of sliding window protocol with neat diagram (7)
5. What is stop and wait ARQ? Explain sender site and receiver site algorithm for stop and wait
ARQ protocol. (8)
6. What is the maximum length of the cable (in km) for transmitting data at a rate of 500 Mbps
in an Ethernet LAN with frames of size 10,000 bits? Assume the signal speed in the cable to
be 2,00,000 km/s
7. How is an STS (synchronous transport signal) multiplexer different from an add/drop
multiplexer since both can add signals together? (6)
8. Briefly describe the issues involved in using ATM (asynchronous Transfer Mode) technology
in LANs.
9. If a router has 15 entries in its group table, should it send 15 different queries periodically or
just one? Explain your answer.
10. What is the size of an ARP packet when the protocol is IPv4 and the hardware is Ethernet?
(7)
11. What is the maximum size of TCP header? What is the minimum size of TCP header?
12. What is the function of RIP protocol message? (7)
13. How does the hop count limit alleviate RIP’s protocol problem (6)
14. Compare TCP Heard with UPD Header. List the field in the TCP header that are missing from
UDP header. Give the reason for their absence (5)
15. TCP is sending data at 2 Mbytes/s. If the sequence number starts with 7000, how long does
it take before the sequence number goes back to zero? (5)
16. What is the difference between open loop congestion control and closed loop congestion
control (5)
17. What determine the sender windows size in TCP? 5
18. What is deference between average data rate and peak data rate? 5
19. What are four general techniques to improve quality of service? 5
20. Why do we need a DNS system when we can directly use an IP address? 5
21. Briefly explain the role of repeater, bridges, routers and gateways in internet working. Also
mention the layers on which they function. (4+4)
22. When is an ARP request packet generated? Describe the various steps that take place when
a host receives an ARP request packet.
23. Discuss the advantage and disadvantages of packet switching over circuit switching (6)
24. Explain the responsibility of the session layer and presentation layer in OSI reference model?
25. Data can be corrupted during transmission. Explain the type of error which can be used to
detect these kinds of data link layer. How CRC can be used to direct these kinds of error?
26. Explain Distance Vector-routing. Describes how split horizon technique is used to remove
the problem of count infinity ( 2+4)
27. What is difference between public key and private key security algorithm. 6
28. Explain the different address used in virtual circuit networks. 6
29. What is subnetting?
30. What is transmission Impairment? Explain three causes of it 2 + 4
31. For the network 192.48.24.0/21 . answer the following questions 10
 a. How many IP address can be allocated?
b. What is the last IP address?
c. What is the Subnet mask?
d. Explain distance vector routing. What are its limitations and how to overcome
them ? ( 10)
32. How connection is established and terminated in TCP using three-way handshaking
mechanism? Describe in detail. 10
33. What are the frames formats of a token ring? Explain with the help of block diagram. 10
34. If a host was shut down and its network interface card is replaced. It will cause the
inconsistency of ARP cache in other hosts in the same LAN. How can you solve it ? Please
describe in detail. 8
35. Compare mobility support via Direct Routing and indirect routing. 6
36. What are the various classes of IP addressing? Calculate the maximum number of class A, B
and C network Ids 6
37. Describe two changes that were made when designing IPv6 that speed up packet processing
and forwarding compared to 1pV4 that speed up packet processing and forwarding
compared to IPV4. Briefly explain how these changes speed up packet processing and
forwarding. 10
38. Explain the following techniques in detail: 10
a. Stop and wait ARQ
b. Selective repeat ARQ
39. Explain data link layer design issues and clearly differentiate between packet and frame.
40. Explain simplex stop and wait protocol for a noisy channel.
41. Define fragmentation and explain why do we need fragmentation ?
42. What is the difference between connectionless and connection -oriented services ? Which
are the type of services provided by Ipv4 ?
43. Discuss the functions and services primitives provided by the network layer.
44. Following character encoding is used in datalink protocol
a. 011000111
b. 11100011
c. FLAG 01111110
d. ESC: 11100000

Show the binary bit sequence transmitted for the four character frame A B ESC FLAG when
each of the following framing methods in used:

a. flag byte with byte stuffing

b. Starting and ending flags bytes with bit stuffing
c. Discuss the approaches utilized for effective congestion control at network layer
45. Define quality of service ( QoS) Explain the primary parameters responsible for maintenance
of QoS
46. Define subnet mask. How is it used to get network id and host id ?
47. Draw TCP segment format and explain different parts of TCP segment. Explain how
connection is established in TCP like connection-oriented protocol.
48. Explain the working of file Transfer protocol (FTP)
49. Discuss the working of go back N sliding window protocol
50. An organization is granted the block 211.17.180.0/24. The administrator wants to create 32
subnets find the
a. Find the subnet mask
 b. Number of address in each subnet
c. First and last address in each subnet
d. First and last address in subnet1
e. Fist and last address in subnet 32
51. Explain IPV4 classful addressing scheme
52. What are the basic function of the data link layer? Write the basic future of HDLC protocol?
could HDLC be used as datalink protocol for a LAN? Justify your answer.
53. What is framing? Explain character and bit stuffing techniques.
54. What is flow control in data link layer?
55. Explain sliding window protocol.
56. What is ISDN? Describe in brief the ISDN working to provide various services
57. Why doyou think CCITT provided flow control in X.25 in both LAPB and PLP instead of just in
one layer
58. Convert the IP address 197.228.17.56 into binary? Assume class full addressing, find the
number of subnets and the number of hosts per subnet for the block 122.45.77.32/20
59. What is IPV6 Explain its advantage over IPv4 also explain its frame format?
60. Define a web browser. Give four examples of web available for computers.
61. Differentiate between ARP and RARP.
62. What is meant by congestion in network? Explain the DEC bit algorithm for congestion
avoidance.
63. What do you mean by routing? Discuss anyone routing algorithm in detail.
64. Differentiate between stop-and-wait ARQ and Go-black-N protocol.
65. Explain connection establishment in transport layer protocol.
66. Explain working of SMTP and Explain how it is used to send and receive mails.
67. Discuss in detail the protocol for noise channel and noisy channel.
68. Compare and contrast HDLC with PPP. Which one is byte-oriented and which one is bit-
oriented?
69. A sender sends a series of packets to the same destinations using 5-bit sequence numbers, if
the sequence number starts with 0, what is the sequence number after sending 100
packets?
70. Find the number of addresses in the range, if the first address is 14.7.24.0 and the last
address is 14.14.34.255.
71. Explain working of HTTP. Give the structure of HTTP message.
72. Consider the network shown below and assume that each node initially knows the cost to
each of its neighbors. Consider the distance vector algorithm and show the distance table
entries at node z for two steps.
73. Explain IP addressing method.