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SOLUTION NUMERICALS
Formula
∆p/p0 = i × nB/(nA+nB)
∆Tb = i (Kb×WB×1000) /(WA×MB)
∆Tm = i (Kf×WB×1000) /(WA×MB)
π = i (WB×R×T)/(V× MB)
π = i × c×R×T
Raoult’s Law
1. At constant temperature two liquid A and B form a binary ideal solution. At equilibrium the mole fraction
of liquid B is 0.4 and vapour state mole fraction of B is 0.25. If the vapour pressure of pure liquid B is 40
mm then at same temperature what will be the vapour pressure of pure liquid A.
2. Liquid X and Y forms an ideal solution. The vapour pressure of pure X and pure Y are 120 mm Hg and 160
mm Hg respectively. Calculate the vapour pressure of the solution containing equal moles of X and Y.
3. The vapour pressures of A and B at 25ºC are 75 mm Hg and 25 mm Hg, respectively. If A and B are mixed
such that the mole fraction of A in the mixture is 0·4, then calculate the mole fraction of B in vapour phase.
Relative lowering of vapour pressure
4. Vapour pressure of pure water at 298 K is 80.6 mm Hg. 45 g of urea (M=60) is dissolved in 720 g of water.
Calculate the vapour pressure of water for this solution and its relative lowering.
5. The vapour pressure of pure benzene at a certain temperature is 0.850 bar. A non-volatile, non-electrolyte
solid weighing 0.5 g when added in 39.0 g of benzene (molar mass = 78 g/mol). Vapour pressure of the
solution, then is 0.845 bar. What is the molar mass of the solid substance?
6. The vapour pressure of pure water at a certain temperature is 23.80 mm Hg. If 1 mole of a non- volatile non
- electrolytic solute is dissolved in 100g water, Calculate the resultant vapour pressure of the solution.
7. A solution is prepared by dissolving 5 gram of non-volatile solute in 200 gram water. It has a vapour
pressure of 31.84 mm Hg at 300K. Calculate the molar mass of solute if vapour pressure of pure water is
32mm Hg.
8. Calculate the mass of a non-volatile solute (molar mass 40 g mol–1) which should be dissolved in 114g
octane to reduce its vapour pressure to 80%.
9. An aqueous solution of 2% non-volatile solute exerts a pressure of 1.004 bar at the normal boiling point of
the solvent. What is the molar mass of the solute? (Vapour pressure of pure water at the boiling point (P0)
= 1 atm = 1.013 bar)
Elevation Of Boiling Point
10. 6 gm of Urea (NH2CONH2) & 9 gm of glucose (C6H12O6) is dissolved in 300g water. Find the boiling point
of solution if boiling point of pure water in 100oC . Given Kb = 0.52K kgmole-1
11. Calculate the boiling point of a solution when 4g of MgSO4 (M=120) was dissolved in 100gm of water,
assuming MgSO4 undergoes complete ionisation.(Kb=0.052)
12. Boiling point of water at 750 mm Hg is 99.68oC. How much sucrose is to be added to 500 g water such that
it boils at 100oC (Kb of water is 0.52 [Link]. mole-1)
13. A solution prepared by dissolving 2g of oil of wintergreen (methyl salicylate) in 100.0 g of benzene has a
boiling point of 80.31 °C. Determine the molar mass of this compound. (B.P. of benzene is 80.10°C and Kb
for benzene 2.520 K kg mol-1)
14. An aqueous solution of sucrose (M=342) boils at 100.01oC .Calculate the number of sucrose molecules
dissolved in 100g water. Kb of water = 0.50K kg mole-1.
Depression of Freezing Point
15. Ethylene glycol (M=[Link]-1) is used as an antifreeze in a cold climate. Calculate the mass of ethylene
glycol which should be added to 4 Kg of water to prevent it from freezing at -6oC. (Kf = [Link]-1)
16. A solution containing 18 g of non-volatile solute in 200g of water freezes at 272.07 K. Calculate the
molecular mass of solute (given Kf = 1.86 K/m)
17. Calculate the freezing point of a solution when 1.9g of MgCl 2 (M=120) was dissolved in 50gm of water,
assuming MgCl2 undergoes complete ionisation. (Kf =1.86 K. kg mole-1)
18. Calculate the mass of NaCl (Molar mass = 58.5g/mole) to be dissolved in 37.2g of water to lower the
freezing point by 2 K .Assuming that NaCl undergoes complete dissociation (Kf= 1.86Kkg/mole)
19. Calculate the freezing point of 10% glucose solution by mass (M=180) in water if freezing point of pure
water is 273.15 K. (Kf =1.86 K. kg mole-1)

Krishnendu Barik @KVS

20. Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 18 g glucose C6H12O6 and 68.4 g sucrose C12H22O11
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dissolved in 200g of water the freezing point of pure water is 273 K and Kf for water is 1.86 K Kg mol
21. A student of Class XII took two aqueous solutions- one containing 7.5 g of urea (Molar mass = 60 g/mol)
and the other containing 42.75 g of substance Z in 100 g of water. It was observed that both the solutions
froze at the same temperature. Calculate the molar mass of Z. Kf =1.86 [Link]. mole-1
22. A solution containing 8.55 g of cane sugar (mol. mass = 342 g mol–1) dissolved in 250g water has a freezing
point of 271K while the freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K. What will be the freezing point of an
aqueous solution containing 5 g of glucose (mol. mass =180 g mol–1) per 100 g of solution
23. A solution of glucose in water has a boiling point of 100.20℃. Calculate the freezing point of the same
solution. Molal constants for water Kf and kb are 1.86kg/mol and 0.512 kg/mol respectively
24. A 10% solution (by mass) of cane sugar (M=342) in water has freezing point of 269.15K. Calculate the
freezing point of 10% glucose (M=180) in water if freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K.
25. Heena is investigating melting point of aqueous solution of NaCl. When she dissolved 0.6 gm of NaCl in
10 gm water she found that the solution freeze at -3.8oC. What will be the freezing point of solution if she
add 0.6g glucose instead of NaCl in same amount of water?
26. 30 ml of methanol (CH3OH) is added to 70 ml of water. Find the freezing point of solution if densiy of
methanol is 0.8 g/cm3 and water is 1 g/cm3. Kf of water is 1.86 [Link]-1
27. A solution containing 1.8g of compound (empirical formula CH2O) in 40g water is observed to freeze at -
0.465oC. What will be the molecular formula of the compound. Given Kf = 1.86Kg.K,mol-1
Osmotic Pressure
28. The osmotic pressure of a solution containing 5 g of solute per litre is 0.025 atm at 27oC. Find the molecular
mass of substance.
29. For a 5% solution of urea (Molar mass = 60 g/ mol), calculate the osmotic pressure at 300 K. [R = 0.0821
L atm K–1 mol–1]
30. Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 2.9x10-2 g of K2SO4 (M=174) in 2L of
water at 300K (R=0.082 L atm/K/mol, Molar mass of K2SO4 = 174g /mol)
31. Calculate the amount of NaCl to be dissolved in 2L of solution so that its osmotic pressure becomes 3bar
at 27oC. Assume that NaCl completely ionises in the solution. (R=0.083L bar K-1mole-1 , Atomic mass of
Na=23 and Cl=35.5).
32. Calculate the osmotic pressure at 270C of a solution formed by mixing equal volumes of two solutions, one
containing 0.9 g of glucose in 250 ml of solution and the other containing 3.42 g of C12H22O11 in 250 ml of
solution. [R = 0.082 L atm mol-1K-1]
33. An aqueous solution of 500 ml is prepared by mixing a 2g mixture of protein X (molar mass = 80 g/mole)
and sucrose (molar mass = 342 g/mole). The osmotic pressure of the solution is 1 atm at 300K.
(a) Calculate the amount of protein in the mixture?
(b) If sucrose is replaced by same amount of glucose will there be any change in osmotic pressure of
solution? Justify your answer.
34. A solution containing 15 g urea (Molar mass= 60g/mole) per litre of solution in water is isotonic with
solution of glucose (M=180) in water. Calculate the mass of Glucose present in 1 litre of solution.
35. A 5% solution of cane-sugar (molecular weight = 342) is isotonic with 1% solution of substance A.
Calculate molar mass of A.
36. A student took 20 g of solute A to prepare a 50 ml solution. This solution is isotonic to another solution of
same volume with a weight of 40g of a different solute B.
(a) If both the solution is prepared at the same temperature, then what is the ratio of molar mass of solute
A and B.
(b) If two solutions are placed at different temperatures, keeping all the variables constant separated by
semi permeable membrane, will osmosis happen and why?
37. At 300K, what is the relation between the osmotic pressure of two equi-molar solutions, one whose Van’t
Hoff factor is 2 and for the other is 0.5?
Vant Hoff Factor and Degree of Dissociation
38. 3.9 g of benzoic acid dissolved in 49 g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point of 1.62 K. Calculate
the van’t Hoff factor and predict the nature of solute (associated or dissociated). (Given : Molar mass of
benzoic acid = 122 g mol–1, Kf for benzene = 4.9 K kg mol–1)
39. The freezing point of benzene decreases by 2.12 K when 2.5 g of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) is dissolved
in 25 g of benzene. If benzoic acid forms a dimer in benzene, calculate the van’t Hoff factor and the
percentage association of benzoic acid. (Kf for benzene = 5.12 K kg mol-1)

Krishnendu Barik @KVS

40. Calculate freezing point of solution containing 0.5g KCl (molar mass 74.5 g/mol) dissolved in 100 g water,
assuming KCl to be 92% ionised. Kf = 1.86 Kkgmole-1
41. Phenol (C6H5OH) associates in benzene to a certain extent to form a dimer. A solution containing 20g of
phenol in 1.0 kg of benzene has its freezing point lowered by 0.69 K. Calculate the fraction of phenol that
undergo dimerization.
42. Calculate the boiling point of a solution containing 0.61g of Benzoic acid (Molecular mass =122) in 5g of
CS2. Assuming 84% dimerisation of acid, the boiling point and K b of CS2 are 46.2℃ and 2.3 K. Kg/mol
respectively.
43. 1 molal aqueous solution of an electrolyte A2B3 is 60% ionized. Calculate the boiling point of the
solution.(Given : Kb for H2O = 0·52 K kg mol-1)
44. Vapour pressure of pure water at 298K is 24.8mm Hg. Calculate the lowering in vapour pressure of an
aqueous solution which freezes at -0.3oC (Kf of water 1.86 Kkgmole-1) AISSCE 2025

Krishnendu Barik @KVS