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Republic of the Philippines
BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
Engineering Bldg, 0242 C.P.G. North Avenue, Tagbilaran
City, 6300 BoholOffice of the Student Affairs and Services
Balance I Integrity I Stewardship I Uprightness
Name: Princess Michaella G. Dumadag
Yr & Section: BSCE 2A
Art Appreciation
GE AA
Symmetry Art: Okir / Okkil
Introduction
Okir (Maranao) or Okkil (Maguindanaon) is a traditional art form known for its intricate,
symmetrical, and curvilinear designs. The term originates from an old Malayan word related to the
Tagalog "ukit," which means "to carve." Okir is deeply rooted in the culture of the Maranao and other
Moro communities in the Southern Philippines, often found in architecture, furniture, weaponry, and
textiles.
Meaning and Pronunciation:
• Okir (pronounced oh-keer) is used by the Maranao people.
• Okkil (pronounced ohk-keel) is the Maguindanaon version.
Both terms refer to the art of carving and decorating surfaces with elaborate and symbolic
designs.
Artistic Elements:
• Features geometric and flowing patterns, often inspired by nature—such as vines, leaves,
flowers, birds, and mythical creatures like the naga (serpent or dragon) and sarimanok (a
legendary bird).
• Designs are usually carved into hardwood, brass, or used in textiles and paintings.
• Characterized by symmetry, curved lines, and arabesques, forming repetitive and harmonious
motifs.
• Divided into two styles: Okir-a-Dato (masculine) and Okir-a-Bai (feminine), reflecting gender
roles and cultural beliefs.
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Republic of the Philippines
BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
Engineering Bldg, 0242 C.P.G. North Avenue, Tagbilaran
City, 6300 BoholOffice of the Student Affairs and Services
Balance I Integrity I Stewardship I Uprightness
Cultural Significance:
• A vital part of Moro identity and heritage, Okir represents both artistic expression and religious
beliefs.
• It reflects the Islamic influence through the use of abstract, non-figurative patterns, as Islam
traditionally discourages depictions of human and animal forms.
• The designs also symbolize status, bravery, and spirituality, especially when used in royal houses
like the Torogan (traditional Maranao house).
Regional Influence:
• Predominantly found among the Maranao, Maguindanaon, and other Muslim communities in
Mindanao.
• Influences are seen in neighboring Southeast Asian cultures, such as in Malaysia and Indonesia,
highlighting the shared Austronesian heritage.
Images:
Conclusion
Okir is more than just decorative art—it is a living tradition that preserves the history, values,
and craftsmanship of the Moro people. Through every curve and line, Okir continues to celebrate the
enduring cultural identity of the Southern Philippines and its connection to the wider Southeast Asian
region.
