Lesson 1 : Hanyu Pinyin
汉语拼音
What is Pinyin?
Pinyin is the phonetic system of Chinese language.
(*Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that focuses on the production
and classification of the world's speech sounds)
Why was Pinyin created and is important to learn nowadays?
Back in the 1950s, Chinese scholars realized that it is important to
standardize the pronunciation of Chinese characters, because there
are 56 ethnic groups speaking different dialects all across China. So
Pinyin was created to help people pronounce Chineese characters in
a united way.
What does Pinyin consist of? The Components of Pinyin
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Finals/Vowels & Initials/Consonants
➢ There are 6 single/simple finals 单韵母 (dān yùnmǔ ) which
are a, e, i, u, ü. You can see from what they look like. a o e i u ü
have only one vowel, so they are called simple finals; ei ui ao ou
iu ie üe er have more than one vowels or have a vowel and a
consonant, so they are compound finals. an en in un ang eng
ing ong combine a vowel with the nasal ending -n or –ng, so
they are nasal finals.
➢ There are 21 initials 声母 (shēngmǔ ), excluding y and w.
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TONES
Chinese is a tonal language, i.e., tones change the meanings of words.
Mandarin Chinese is normally said to have just four tones. However,
there is also a neutral tone which does not occur very often but is just
as important.
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Below are examples of few characters that have the same pinyin but
with 4 different tones.
No Characters
Neutral tones
Some syllables that are toneless are as follows:
1. Particles that are always in neutral tones, ex. 了(le) and 的(de)
2. Second half of a reduplicated words. Ex. 妈妈(māma) (mom),
爸爸(bàba) (dad),哥哥(gēge)(elder brother), etc.
3. Syllables such as zi that only have fill-in function.
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Pinyin Chart – More Examples of Initials and Finals
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RULES (1)
Tone marks in Hanyu Pinyin should always be placed over finals, not initials.
However, when there is more than one final in a row, you may be uncertain
about which final should take the tone mark.
The following are guidelines that help to find the correct final letter for the
tone mark:
➢ If there is an ‘a’, it will always take the tone mark Example: ,mǎ,jiào ,
bāo, tiān
➢ If there is no ‘a’ or ‘o’ , ‘e’ will take the tone mark (When a syllable
contains two or more vowels, the tone mark is usually placed above
vowels in the order of a,o,e,i,u,ü.) Example: hǎo,xiè,ɡuān
➢ ‘a’ and ‘e’ always take the tone mark. There are no mandarin syllables in
hanyu pinyin that contain both a and e
➢ In the combination ou, o takes the mark Example: gǒu
➢ Otherwise, the second vowel or final vowel takes the tone mark (When
“iu” or “ui” comes) Example: liú,ɡuǐ
RULES (2)
In Mandarin you've probably heard of the “3-3” tone rule. This rule states that
if two consecutive characters have a third tone, the first “third tone” character
should be changed to the second tone. So, it goes from “3-3” to “2-3”.
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Exercise (1)
Put the correct tone on the following syllables.
Example:
Miào (庙) = temple – 4th tone
1. jie(姐)= older sister–3rd tone 7. jiu(救) = save/rescue– 4th
tone
2. biao(表) = watch – 3rd tone
8. rao (饶) = forgive – 2nd tone
3. bao(抱) = hug – 4th tone
9. shui(睡) = sleep – 4th tone
4. qiu(秋) = autumn – 1st tone
10. mao (毛) = feather – 2nd
5. piao(漂) = float - 1st tone
tone
6. kao(考) = test - 3rd tone
Exercise (2)
Listen the pinyin and choose which ones is correct
1 ( ) A. po B. bo 8 ( ) A. man B. mian
2 ( ) A. miao B. niao 9 ( ) A. gou B. kou
3 ( ) A. guo B. kao 10 ( ) A. zhi B. zhe
4 ( ) A. tai B. dai 11 ( ) A. jiang B. qiang
5 ( ) A. qiu B. jiu 12 ( ) A. dao B. dou
6 ( ) A. hui B. wei 13 ( ) A. shou B. shuo
7 ( ) A. si B. shi 14 ( ) A. si B. xi
Exercise (3)
Read the pinyin below
1. Wǒ xǐhuān chī yú
2. Nǐ shì lǎoshī ma?
3. Wǒmen dōu shì yìnní rén
4. Tā de gēgē méiyǒu gōngzuò
5. Wǒ bùshì xuéshēng
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Lesson 2: Conversation
对话 (Duìhuà)
第一部分 First Part
生词 Vocabulary
我 wǒ I
你 nǐ You
您 nín You (older person)
很 hěn Very
好 hǎo Good
不 bù No
也 yě Too
你好 nǐ hǎo Hello
您好 nín hǎo Hello (older person)
吗 ma (Question particle)
呢 ne (Question particle)
谢谢 xièxiè Thank you
不客气 bù kèqì You’re welcome
再见 zàijiàn See you
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写汉字 Writing Hanzi
1 我
2 你
3 您
4 也
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5 很
6 好
7 不
8 谢
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9 客
10 气
11 呢
12 吗
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13 再见
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读一读句子 Read the sentences
1.
你 好!
您
老师
2. 老师 再见
3.
谢谢 你
您
老师
读一读拼音 Read pinyin
1. Wǒ hěn hǎo
2. Wǒ bù hǎo
3. Wǒ yě hěn hǎo
4. Nǐ hǎo ma
5. Nǐ ne?
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第二部分 Second Part
生词 Vocabulary
叫 Jiào Call
什么 Shénme What
名字 Míngzì Name
是 Shì be (is/am/are)
认识 Rènshí Know
高兴 Gāoxìng Happy
姓 Xìng Surname
太 Tài So
王 Wáng
(Surname)
张 Zhāng
陈 Chén
小华 Xiǎo huá
(Boy’s name)
小明 Xiǎomíng
小丽 Xiǎo lì (Girl’s name)
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读一读拼音 Read Pinyin
1. Nǐ jiào shénme míngzì?
2. Wǒ jiào xiǎo lì
3. Wǒ de míngzì shì xiǎo lì
4. Nǐ xìng shénme?
5. Nín xìng shénme?
6. Wǒ xìng chén
7. Wǒ xìng zhāng
8. Bù tài hǎo
9. Hěn gāoxìng rènshí nǐ
10. Wǒ yě hěn gāoxìng rènshí nǐ
读一读句子 Read the sentences
你姓什么? 我姓王
老师姓什么? 老师姓陈
你叫什么名字?
我叫王小华
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第三部分 Third Part
久 jiǔ Long
见 jiàn Meet
几 jǐ How many;How much
岁 suì Age
哪 nǎ Which
国 guó Country
印尼 yìnní Indonesia
人 rén Person/People
多少 duōshǎo How many
手机 shǒujī Mobile phone
号码 hàomǎ Number
的 de (Structure particle)
* The difference between 几(jǐ) and 多少(duōshao)
几 (jǐ)
1. 几 is usually used to ask about or refer to uncertain numbers not higher than ten.
Ex : 你几岁?(Nǐ jǐ suì?)How old are you?
多少 (duōshao)
1. It can be used to ask about or refer to any number.
Ex : 你的手机号码是多少? What is your phone number?
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Summary
1. Hello 你好/您好
小华 : 您好 !
老师 : 你好 !
您 is a polite way to say “you,” usually to people who are older or are in a
senior position.
2. Long time no see 好久不见。(Hǎo jiǔ bú jiàn.)
You can say 好久不见 as either a formal or informal way to greet
someone in Chinese if you haven’t seen them in a long time.
3. How are you? 你好吗?(nǐ hǎo ma?)
It is literally translated to ‘You good?’
4. What is your name?
你叫什么名字?(Nǐ jiào shénme míngzì?)
5. How old are you?
你几岁?(Nǐ jǐ suì?)
6. Very glad to know you
很高兴认识你 (hěn gāoxing rènshí nǐ)
7. What is your surname?
你姓什么?(nǐ xìng shénme?)
8. What nationality are you ?
你是哪国人?(nǐ shì nǎ guórén?)
9. What is your phone number?
你的手机号码是多少? (nǐ de shǒujī hàomǎ shì duōshǎo?)
10. See you
再见 (zàijiàn)
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对话 Dialogue
陈小明 :老师,您好!
老师 : 你好 !好久不见。你好吗?
陈小明 : 我很好。谢谢。您呢?
老师 :我也很好。
陈小明: 你叫什么名字?
王小华 : 我叫王小华
陈小明 : 你姓什么?
王小华 : 我姓王
陈小明: 你叫什么名字?
王小华 : 我的名字是王小华。 你呢?
陈小明 : 我的名字是陈小明。
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Lesson 1 : What do you want to buy ?
你要买什么?
Nǐ yāomǎi shénme?
第一部分 First Part
生词 Vocabulary
要 yào Want, Would like
什么 shénme What
售货员 shòuhuòyuán Shop/Sales assistant
买 mǎi Buy
卖 mài Sell
钱 qián Money
一斤 jīn Half a kilo (500 g)
这 zhè This
那 nà That
种 zhǒng Kind
吧 ba (Particle)
还 hái Still
别的 bié de Anything else, Other
不要 bùyào Don’t want
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了 Le (Particle)
(In Indonesia language,
it can mean : sudah)
苹果 píngguǒ Apple
写汉字 Writing Hanzi
1 要
2 什么
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3 售货员
4 买
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5 卖
6 钱
7 斤
8 这
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9 那
10 种
11 吧
12 还
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13 别的
14 苹果
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会话 (1) Conversation
售货员 : 您要买什么?
大卫 : 我要买苹果, 多少钱一斤?
Dà wèi
售货员 : 两块五(毛)
Liǎng kuài wǔ (máo)
大卫 : 那种呢?
Dà wèi
售货员 : 一块三
Yīkuài sān
大卫 : 要这种吧
Dà wèi
售货员 : 要多少?
大卫 : 两斤
Dà wèi
售货员 : 还要别的吗?
大卫 : 不要了。 谢谢
Dà wèi
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The units of money are 元 Yuán , 角 Jiǎo, 分 Fēn。 In spoken
Mandarin, we usually say 块 Kuài,毛 Máo, 分 Fēn。
Example :
1. 1.00 元 : 一块
2. 2.00 元 : 两块
3. 22.00 元 : 二十二块
4. 1.30 元 : 一块三(毛)
5. 2.85 元 : 两块八毛五(分)
6. 100.00 元 : 一百块
7. 200.00 元 :两百块
Note : The last unit is often omitted. However, be careful about ‘2’
两 (Liǎng)cannot end without a unit word. So if you use 两
(Liǎng), always end with 毛 (Máo ) or 分 (Fēn)。If you
want to omit the unit, then choose 二 (Èr)。
Example :
1. 2.22 元 : 两块两毛两分
Or
两块两毛二
Numbers in mandarin
1 :一 Yī
2 :二 Èr
3 :三 Sān
4 :四 Sì
5 :五 Wǔ
6 :六 Liù
7 :七 Qī
8 :八 Bā
9 :九 Jiǔ
10 :十 Shí
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读拼音 Read Pinyin
1. Nǐ yāo mǎi shénme?
2. Píngguǒ duōshǎo qián?
3. Hái yào bié de ma?
4. Zhè zhǒng duōshǎo qián?
5. Zhè zhǒng píngguǒ hǎobù hǎo?
第二部分 Second Part
生词 Vocabulary
老板 lǎobǎn Boss
桔子 júzi Tangerine
葡萄 pútáo Grape
贵 guì Expensive
尝 cháng Taste
便宜 piányí Cheap
水果 shuǐguǒ Fruit
有 yǒu Have
没有 méiyǒu Don’t have
抱歉 bàoqiàn Be sorry, Feel sorry
刚 gāng Just
卖完 mài wán Sold out
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写汉字 Writing Hanzi
1 老板
2 桔子
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3 葡萄
4 贵
5 尝
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6 便宜
7 水果
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8 没有
9 抱歉
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10 刚
11 完
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会话 (2) Conversation
玛丽 : 老板, 有没有卖水果?
Mǎlì
老板 : 有,要什么水果?
玛丽 : 我要葡萄和桔子
老板 : 对不起, 葡萄刚卖完了。
玛丽 : 桔子呢?
老板 :桔子还有。 要多少?
玛丽 : 一斤多少钱?
老板 : 两块八
玛丽 : 太贵了
老板 : 那种便宜。一斤两块
玛丽 : 那种好不好?
老板 : 您尝尝。
玛丽 : 好,我要一斤。
老板 : 还要买别的吗?
玛丽 :不要了。 谢谢
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第三部分 Third Part
生词 Vocabulary
周末 zhōumò Weekend
打算 dǎsuàn Plan
商店 shāngdiàn Shop
帮 bāng Help; lend a hand
去 qù Go
东西 dōngxī Thing
甜 tián Sweet
超市 chāoshì Supermarket
市场 shìchǎng Market
菜 cài Vegetable
拿 ná Hold; Take
写汉字 Writing Hanzi
1 帮
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2 去
3 菜
4 拿
5 甜
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6 周末
7 打算
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8 商店
9 东西
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10 超市
11 市场
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学句子 Learn sentences
1. 周末我打算去商店买东西。
2. 妈妈要我帮她买水果
3. 我帮妈妈拿东西
4. 妈妈去市场买菜
5. 水果甜不甜?
6. 周末你有什么打算?
7. 你打算买什么?
8. 我打算买两斤苹果
9. 我要尝尝你买的葡萄
10. 这水果太便宜了
看汉字写拼音
Look at the hanzi and write the pinyin
超市 ______________ 尝 ______________
市场 ______________ 葡萄 ______________
什么 ______________ 苹果 ______________
打算 ______________ 桔子 ______________
老板 ______________ 甜 ______________
太贵 ______________ 这 ______________
便宜 ______________ 拿 ______________
周末 ______________ 去 ______________
两斤 ______________ 刚 ______________
售货员 ______________ 抱歉 ______________
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Lesson 2 : Welcome !
欢迎光临 !
Huānyíng guānglín!
第一部分 First Part
生词 Vocabulary
欢迎 huānyíng Welcome
服务员 fúwùyuán Waiter
顾客 gùkè Customer
点 diǎn Order
菜单 càidān Menu
这 zhè This
请 qǐng Please
这边 zhè biān Here
坐 zuò Sit
推荐 tuījiàn Recommend
个 gè Measure word for
individual thing
特色菜 tèsè cài Specialty dish
宫保鸡丁 gōng bǎo jī d Kungpao Chicken
īng
好吃 hào chī Delicious/ tasty
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碗 wǎn Bowl
米饭 mǐfàn Rice
写汉字 Writing Hanzi
1 欢迎
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2 服
务
员
3 顾客
4 点
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5 菜单
6 这
7 请
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8 坐
12 推荐
13 特色
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14 好吃
15 碗
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16 米饭
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会话 Conversation
服务员 : 欢迎光临 ! 请这边坐
顾客 : 谢谢
服务员 : 这是菜单。你要点什么?
顾客 : 请推荐一个特色菜
服务员 : 宫保鸡丁很好吃
顾客 : 好, 我要吃宫保鸡丁
服务员 : 要一碗米饭吗?
顾客 : 好,我要一碗米饭
服务员 :还要别的吗?
顾客 : 不要了,谢谢!
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第二部分 Second Part
生词 Vocabulary
吃 chī Eat
喝 hē Drink
肉 ròu Meat
鱼肉 yúròu Fish (meat)
鸡肉 jīròu Chicken (meat)
牛肉 niúròu Beef
冰水 bīng shuǐ Cold water
开水 kāishuǐ Boiled water
热水 rè shuǐ Hot water
咖啡 kāfēi Coffee
茶 chá Tea
酒 jiǔ Alcohol; wine
炒饭 chǎofàn Fried rice
汉堡 hànbǎo Hamburger
杯 bēi Cup; Glass
瓶 píng Bottle
、
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写汉字 Writing Hanzi
1 吃
2 喝
3 肉
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4 鱼
5 鸡
6 牛
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7 冰水
8 开水
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9 热水
10 咖啡
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11 茶
12 酒
13 炒饭
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14 汉堡
15 杯
16 瓶
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读句子 Learn sentences
1. 我要吃牛肉
2. 我要喝开水, 你呢?
3. 我们要两杯咖啡
4. 我刚吃炒饭
5. 这边的汉堡很好吃
第三部分 Third Part
生词 Vocabulary
买单 mǎidān Pay the bill
现金 xiànjīn Cash
刷卡 shuākǎ Card (debit/credit)
给 gěi Give
下次 xià cì Next time
再来 zàilái Come again
今晚 jīn wǎn Tonight
今天 jīntiān Today
请客 qǐngkè Treat
找 zhǎo Find
零钱 língqián Change (money)
和 hé And
小票 xiǎo piào Receipt
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写汉字 Writing Hanzi
1 买单
2 现金
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3 刷卡
4 给
5 找
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6 下次
7 再来
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8 今晚
9 今天
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10 请客
11 零钱
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12 和
13 小票
读句子 Learn sentences
1. 给我一瓶酒
2. 这是找给你的零钱
3. 今天我请客
4. 今晚我请客
5. 服务员, 买单!
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会话 Conversation
顾客 : 服务员, 买单!
服务员 : 您是现金还是刷卡?
顾客 : 现金
服务员 : 六十三块
顾客 :给
服务员 : 这是找给您的零钱和小票.
欢迎下次再来!
看汉字写拼音
Look at the hanzi and write the pinyin
欢迎 ______________ 服务员 ______________
再来 ______________ 菜 ______________
刷卡 ______________ 菜单 ______________
现金 ______________ 茶 ______________
零钱 ______________ 杯 ______________
咖啡 ______________ 瓶 ______________
牛肉 ______________ 碗 ______________
鸡肉 ______________ 好吃 ______________
热水 ______________ 米饭 ______________
顾客 ______________ 请客 ______________
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