lOMoARcPSD|57486026

EDU-537- Reviewer - review

English (PHINMA Saint Jude College)

Scan to open on Studocu

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

Downloaded by GLENCY POLLEN GAY LI LUNA ([email protected])
 lOMoARcPSD|57486026

EDU 537: FOUNDATIONS OF SPECIAL EDUCATION AND times, shunned from places and activities.
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
• They have to be recognized as human beings who should not be
discriminated against, but rather understood, accepted, and
tolerated.
What is Diversity?
• Disabilities have to be seen as a natural part of life and natural
 The concept of diversity encompasses acceptance and
part of diversity.
respect. It means understanding that each individual is
unique, and recognizing our individual differences such as : • People with disabilities have to be perceived and accepted as
people with distinct abilities. They have to identity themselves as
• Dimension of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-
having disabilities so that the world can accept them and create
economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, political
avenues for them to live in.
beliefs, or other ideologies.

LOODEN’S DIVERSITY WHEEL

MODELS OF DISABILITY
 The Diversity wheel pointed to the significance of our social
characters and the ways in which people developed their •They provide definition of disability
identity when they are able to establish connection with a
•They offer “explanation for causal and responsibility
specific group or people.
attributions”
The inner circle of the diversity wheel includes NINE PRIMARY
•They are based on “perceived needs”
dimensions of diversity.
•They inform policy
(1.) Spiritual beliefs (2.) class (3.) gender (4.) physical abilities &
characteristics (5.) age (6.) ethnicity (7.) race (8.) income •They are not “value-neutral

(9.) Sexuality. •They define academic disciplines that focus on disability

 These nine primary dimensions are particularly important in •They shape the self-identity of PWDs’
shaping and individual’s values, self-image and identity,
• They can provide insight on how prejudice and discriminators
opportunities, and perceptions of others. These primary
occur.
dimensions are the core of an individual’s diverse identity.
THE MORAL RELIGIOUS MODEL
The outer circle of the diversity wheel includes SECONDARY
dimensions. - sees disability as either a curse or blessing

(1.) Work experience (2.) communications style (3.) cognitive - characterized by notions of charity and caretaking
style (4.) political beliefs (5.) education (6.) geographic location
- considered as the oldest model of disability and is evident in
(7.) organization role & level (8.) military experience (9.) work
many religious traditions.
style (10.) first language (11.) family status.
- The model uses biblical stories as negative or positive judgment
 Each of these represents an essential dimension of an
to a person with disability/ies.
individual’s social identity.
THE BIOMEDICAL/INDIVIDUAL MODEL
• These primary and secondary dimensions are the differences
more likely to lead to culture clash and conflict when they are - The model sees the child’s disability as an inborn medical
ignored, devalued, or misunderstood by others. condition.

- PWDs’ are seen as persons who are ill and meant to be treated
or “made more normal”
How to use the diversity wheel?
- Olin (1999) wrote: “Disability is seen as medical problem that
- To encourage people to talk and discuss with each other and
resides in the individual.
generate new points of view among each in the group.
- It is a defect in or failure of a bodily system, is inherently
• A person’s disability makes them a unique individual who is, at
abnormal and pathological.
Downloaded by GLENCY POLLEN GAY LI LUNA ([email protected])
 lOMoARcPSD|57486026

-The goals of intervention are cure, amelioration of the physical education.

condition to the greatest extent possible.
- Built on the principle that education is a human right and
- Person’s with disability are expected to avail themselves of the therefore all must access to it.
variety of services offered to them by the trained professionals.

THE FUNCTIONAL: REHABILITATION MODEL

What is Special Education?
- Quite similar to the biomedical model in that it sees the PWD as
 Special education is specially designed instruction that
having deficits.
addresses the unique needs of a student eligible to receive
- These deficits the justify the need to undergo rehabilitative special education services.
intervention such as therapies, counseling, and the like aim to
- In 1975, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHCA)
reintegrating the disabled into society.
mandated that states provide a “Free and Appropriate Public
- Biomedical model often suggest habilitation, which refers to Education” (FAPE) to all students, including those with physical,
given to those whose disabilities are congenital or manifested mental, or behavioral disabilities.
very early in life in order to maximize function.
Why Inclusive Education?
- Function/rehabilitation model refers to the assistance given by
• Inclusive education is about looking at the ways our schools,
the professionals to those who have an acquired disability in the
classrooms, programs, and lessons are designed so that all
hope of gaining back one’s functionality.
children can participate and learn.
THE SOCIAL MODEL
• Inclusion is also about finding different ways of teaching so that
- The model says that people are disabled by barriers in society, classroom actively involve all children.
not by their impairment or difference.
• Finding ways to develop friendships, relationships, and mutual
- Barrier can be physical, like buildings not having accessible respect between children and teachers in the school.
toilets.
• Inclusive education is a way of thinking about how to be
- They can be caused by people’s attitudes to difference, like creative to make our schools a place where all children can
assuming disabled people can’t do certain things. participate.

- helps us recognize barriers that make life harder for disabled • Creativity may mean teachers learning to teach in different
people. Removing these barriers creates equality and offers ways of designing their lessons so that all children can be
disabled people more independence, choice, and control. involved.

THE MEDICAL MODEL PHILIPPINE LAWS FOR PWDs

- The medical model of disability says people are disabled by their • BP 344 (1983) Accessibility Law
impairments or differences.
• RA 7277 (1992) Magna Carta for Disabled Persons
- The medical model looks at what is ‘wrong’ with the person, not
- Equal rights and privileges for PWDs on employment,
what the person needs.
education, health, telecommunications, auxiliary social services,
- It creates low expectations and leads to people losing accessibility, political and civil rights.
independence, choice, and control in their lives.
- Penalties for violation of law
RIGHT-BASED MODEL
• Administrative Order 35 (2002) National Disability Prevention
- A framework that bears similarities with the social model. and Rehabilitation (NDPR) week every 3rd week of July.

- recognizes the PWDs’ vulnerability and tries by upholding and • Guidelines in the administration of students with disabilities in
safeguarding their identities and rights as human beings. higher education and post-secondary institution in the
Philippines (2004)
- The rights-based approach to education ensures that all
energies are devoted to the realization of eachbylearners’
Downloaded GLENCY right to GAY LI •LUNA
POLLEN RA 9442 (2007) Amendment of RA 7277 (Privileges to PWDs)
([email protected])
 lOMoARcPSD|57486026

- 20% discount privilege to PWDs

- change name from Magna Carta for Disabled persons to Magna

Carta for PWDs.

- Added a clause on deliverance from public ridicule and

vilification.

• NCDA Administrative Order No. 001, s. 2008 - Guidelines on the

issuance of PWD ID Cards relative to RA 9442

• RA 10070 (2010) - Amendment of RA 7277 (Implementation of

programs and services for PWDs in every province, city, and
municipalities- PDAO Law.

• RA 10366 (2013) Accessibility Polling Places for PWDs and

senior citizens

• Proclamation No. 688 S 2013 Declaring the Period of 2013 -

2022 as the Philippines Decade of “Make the Right Real” for
PWDs.

• RA 10524 (2013) Amendment of RA 7277 (explaining the

positions reserved for PWDs)

- 1% of all government agencies, offices, and corps shall be

reserved

For PWDs.

- Private companies with over 100 employees are encouraged to

reserve at least 1% for PWDs.

• RA 10754 (2016) an Act of Expanding the Benefits and

Privileges of PWDs

- Exemption of VAT on the following sales of goods and services

- Inclusion of Funeral Services

• Civil Service Commission MC no. 20, s. 2017 express lanes for

PWDs in all commercial and government establishments

• RA 11228 (2019) - Amendment of RA 7277

- All PWDs shall be automatically covered by the National Health

Insurance Program (NHIP) of the Phil Health and that the
PhilHealth shall develop exclusive packages for PWDs that will
address their specific health and development needs.

Downloaded by GLENCY POLLEN GAY LI LUNA ([email protected])