DDVR
UNIT 1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER AND IMAGE EDITING
Technology of small computer system. Computer terminology. Operation
principles of P.C. Introduction to application software, graphic system, use of
printers, scanner, plotter, file management, etc. Understanding bitmap images
and vector graphics, image size and resolution. Basic tools for editing and
creating graphics. Exercise in creating visual compositions using digital
graphics (pixels/vector).
COMPILED BY : Ar.Uvaiz
TECHNOLOGY OF SMALL
COMPUTER SYSTEM
• Small Computer System interface
• Most popular hard disk used in most of the PC’s today.
• Abbreviation SCSI
• Pronunciation “Skuzzy”
• SCSI is a system-level bus, with intelligent controllers on each SCSI device
working together to manage the flow of information on the channel.
• SCSI offers performance, expandability and compatibility unmatched by
any other current PC interface.
• The Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) is a set of parallel
interface standards developed by the American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) for attaching printers, disk drives, scanners and other peripherals to
computers.
• SCSI (pronounced "skuzzy") is supported by all major operating systems.
COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY.
OPERATION PRINCIPLES OF PC.
• Computers come in many forms, from the traditional desktop PC to
portable devices such as laptops, tablets and even smartphones.
• However, a number of basic elements are generally found within
most computing devices used by ordinary people.
• There are many additional types of computer used only within certain
specialized contexts such as supercomputers and servers.
• The basic principles of how a computer operates are generally the
same whatever its purpose is.
CPU HARD DISK DRIVE
BIT, BYTES & BINARY FLOPPY DISK
HARDWARE INPUT DEVICES
SOFTWARE TYPES OF COMPUTERS
OPERATING SYSTEM BOOTING
ROM RAM
COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY
CPU stands for central processing unit. This is where all the computer's data processing is
handled - all the data manipulation, calculations and formatting data for output.
The BIT is a basic unit of information in computing and digital communications. A bit can
have only one of two values, and may therefore be physically implemented with a two-state
device. These values are most commonly represented as either a 0 or 1.
The BYTE is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits.
Historically, the byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character of text in a
c omputer and for this reason it is the smallest addressable unit of memory in many computer
architectures.
A BIN ARY NUMBER is a number expressed in the binary numeral system or base-2
numeral syst em which represents numeric values using two different sym bols: typically 0 (zero)
and 1(one). T he base-2 system is implementation in digital electronic circuitry using logic
gates, the binary system is used internally by almost all modern computers and
computer- based devices. Each digit is referred to as a bit.
COMPUTER HARDWARE is the collection of physical parts of a computer system. This
includes the computer case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse. It also includes all the parts inside
the computer case, such as the hard disk drive, motherboard, video card, and many others.
Computer hardware is what you can physically touch.
Computer SOFTWARE is that part of a computer system that consists of encoded
information or computer instructions, in contrast to the physical hardware from which the
system is built.
COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY
An OPERATING SYSTEM (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and
software resources and provides common services for computer programs. All computer
programs, excluding firmware, require an operating system to function.
READ – ONLY MEMORY (ROM) is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers
and other electronic devices. Data stored in ROM can only be modified slowly, with
difficulty, or not at all, so it is mainly used to store firmware or application software in
plug-in cartridges.
RANDOM – ACCESS MEMORY(RAM) is a form of computer data storage which stores
frequently used program instructions to increase the general speed of a system. A
random-access memory device allows data items to be read or written in almost the same
amount of time irrespective of the physical location of data inside the memory.
A HARD DISK DRIVE (HDD), hard disk, hard drive is a data storage device that uses
magnetic storage to store and retrieve digital information using one or more rigid rapidly
rotating disks coated with magnetic material.
A FLOPPY DISK DRIVE (FDD), or floppy drive, is a hardware device that reads data storage
information. It was invented in 1967 by a team at IBM and was one of the first types of hardware
storage that could read/write a portable device.
An INPUT DEVICE is a peripheral used to provide data and control signals to an information
processing system such as a computer or information appliance.
Examples of input devices include keyboards, mouse, scanners, digital cameras and joysticks.
TYPES OF COMPUTER
Computers can be as big as occupying a large building and as small as a laptop or a microcontroller in
mobile & embedded systems.
• Supercomputer
• Mini computer
• Mainframe computer
• Micro computer
SYSTEM SOFTWARE & APPLICATION SOFTWARE
The term 'software' refers to the set of electronic program instructions or
data a computer processor reads in order to perform a task or operation.
SYSTEM SOFTWARE & APPLICATION SOFTWARE
GRAPHIC SYSTEMS
• Computer graphics is responsible for displaying art and image data effectively and
meaningfully to the user.
• It is also used for processing image data received from the physical world.
• Computer graphic development has had a significant impact on many types of media.
• It has revolutionized animation, movies, advertising, video games, and graphic
design generally.
• The term computer graphics has been used a broad sense to describe "almost
everything on computers that is not text or sound".
Typically, the term computer graphics refers to several different things:
• the representation and manipulation of image data by a computer
• the various technologies used to create and manipulate images
• the sub-field of computer science which studies methods for digitally synthesizing
and manipulating visual content.
USE OF PRINTER,
PLOTTER & SCANNER
PRINTER
In computing, a PRINTER is a peripheral which makes a persistent human-readable representation of
graphics or text on paper or similar physical media. A PRINTER is a device that accepts text and graphic
output from a computer and transfers the information to paper, usually to standard size sheets of
paper. Printers vary in size, speed, sophistication, and cost. In general, more expensive printers are
used for higher-resolution color printing.
PLOTTER
Pen-based PLOTTERS were an alternate printing technology once common in engineering and
architectural firms. Pen-based plotters rely on contact with the paper and special purpose pens that are
mechanically run over the paper to create text and images. Since the pens output continuous lines, they
were able to produce technical drawings of higher resolution than was achievable with dot-matrix technology.
SCANNER
A scanner is a device that captures images from photographic prints, posters, magazine pages,
and similar sources for computer editing and display. Scanners come in hand-held, feed-in, and
flatbed types and for scanning black-and-white only, or color. Very high resolution scanners are used
for scanning for high-resolution printing, but lower resolution scanners are adequate for capturing
images for computer display. Scanners usually come with software, such as Adobe's Photoshop
product, that lets you resize and otherwise modify a captured image.
Converting photographic materials into high-resolution image files, for example, old B&W
photographs, magazine pages and student cards.
Capturing text using Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software, for example, type written
pages and pages from a book.
FILE MANAGEMENT
File management is the storing, naming, sorting and handling computer files.
It is the process of maintaining folders, documents and multimedia into categories and subcategories
as desired by a user.
Fundamental aspects of file management are organizing, labeling and classifying computer data.
File management helps to eliminate clutter so that a user can access and retrieve data faster and
more conveniently.
There are two types of file managers: electronic and three-dimensional. Three-dimensional file
management is basically the traditional method of keeping hard-copy documents in cabinets and
safes.
It enables users to sort files by type, size, name, color and date that they were created or modified.
This orderly arrangement saves time usually spent looking for records, which maximizes
productivity.
BITMAP IMAGES &
VECTOR GRAPHICS
• Bitmaps images are exactly what their name says they are : a collection of bits that form an
image. The image consists of a matrix of individual dots (or pixels) that all have their own color
(described using bits, the smallest possible units of information for a computer).
• Vector graphics is the creation of digital images through a sequence of commands or
mathematical statements that place lines and shapes in a given two-dimensional or three-
dimensional space. In physics, a vector is a representation of both a quantity and a direction at the
same time. In vector graphics, the file that results from a graphic artist's work is created and
saved as a sequence of vector statements. For example, instead of containing a bit in the file for
each bit of a line drawing, a vector graphic file describes a series of points to be connected.
BITMAP IMAGES &
VECTOR GRAPHICS
IMAGE SIZE &
RESOLUTION
For the purposes of examining featured pictures, image size normally refers to the pixel dimensions of
an image (often referred to as resolution) and not its size in kilobytes (KB). Size in KB varies with image
content and jpeg compression and generally bears little relation to pixel dimensions.
Resolution refers to the number of pixels in an image. Resolution is sometimes identified by
the width and height of the image as well as the total number of pixels in the image. For
example, an image that is 2048 pixels wide and 1536 pixels high 2048x1536 contains
3,145,728 pixels or 3.1 megapixels.
BASIC TOOLS FOR
EDITING AND CREATING
GRAPHICS
• Adobe Illustrator.
• Affinity Designer.
• Procreate.
• Adobe Photoshop.
• Affinity Photo.
• Canva.
• Gravit Designer.
• Adobe InDesign.
